• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.283-309
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• 1992

This study examines work and family life of married women employed in a manufacturing industry. Data were gathered from the use of fact-to-face interview method from a sample of 230 married working women. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : (1) With high rates of change of job, most of the respondents remain unstable in their working situation. It was shown that the important factors influencing job satisfaction of married women are women's life cycle, degree of contribution of wife's income toward total family income, and husband's attitude toward wife's empolyment. The degree of job satisfaction is also strongly influenced by labor structural factors such as pay, work environment and fringe benefits. (2) The amount of household labor time was limited by job-related factors rather than by family-related factors, because among these working women employment itself is necessarily for their subsistance. (3) It was shown that wives participated more actively in their marital communications than their husbands. Most of the respondents showed the syncratic type of the decision making patterns, but this results does not necessarily mean wives exercised an equal power with their husbands. The economic factors and the emotional instability of the husband are the ones mostly influencing marital conflicts of the employed women. It was found that the respondents easily revealed marital conflicts related to personal problems of their husbands(such as extramarital affairs, gambling and alchoholism). However, they tried to overcome the structural conflicts related to authoritarian attitudes of their husbands or economic problems without any complaints. (4) Mothers have difficulty in controlling their adolescent children, due to the weakening of parental authority. Although most of the respondents perceived their employment as having negative impacts on their children, they still have high expectations toward their children. Inspite of low degree of father role expectations and facther role performance of their husbands, most of the respondents anticipated expressive roles as well as traditionally instrumental role from their husbands. Finally, these findings would help us determine family welfare policies in Korea. Improvements in paid and household labor structure of married women should be accomplished at the national level. Also, the acting programs for parent education, marital councelling services, and law enforcement for equal employment between men and women should be provided in our society.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.730-737
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• 2016

Electric utilities may face new threats with increase in electric vehicles (EVs) in the personal automobile market. The peak demand will increase which may stress the distribution network equipment. The focus of this paper is on an adaptive control of smart household appliances by using an intelligent load management system (ILMS). The main objectives are to accomplish consumer needs and prevent overloading of power grid. The stress from the network is released by limiting the peak demand of a house when it exceeds a certain point. In the proposed strategy, for each smart appliance, the customers will set its order/rank according to their own preferences and then system will control the household loads intelligently for consumer reliability. The load order can be changed at any time by the customer. The difference between the set and actual value for each load's specific parameter will help the utility to estimate the acceptance of this intelligent load management system by the customers.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the housing tenure choice decisions of older households, with focus on the activity constraints of the householders. For analysis, the probit model based on the data of the householders over 55 years of age from the 2015 KLIPS data was implemented. The research findings indicate that the ownership choice probability decreases when the head of the household has activity or social activity constraints. If there is an activity restriction, it is considered that the possibility of self-residence will be low due to the increase in medical expenses, the possibility of participation in economic activities will be low, the possibility of early retirement will be high, and the income will decrease. Therefore, if the head of the household has a personal or social activity constraint, such case is more likely to be categorized as falling under the poor residential group. This result suggests that the activity constraint can be utilized as a useful index for the housing welfare policy considering physical vulnerability.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.357-367
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify factors of Korean female workers' childbirth plans and to establish measures to improve the childbirth plan. Methods: Study subjects were selected part in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year surveys of the Korean Longitudinal Panel Survey of Women and Families. The selection criteria were as follows: women who had a spouse; were salaried workers currently employed for the last one month; belonged to a childbearing age; and had less than 3 children. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with childbirth plans. Results: Childbirth plans by female workers decreased each year. The analysis of associated factors revealed that age, number of children were associated factors in all years. In addition, education, satisfaction about dividing household chores with the husband, and satisfaction about working environment were associated with the lack of planning for childbirth in female workers in the 1st survey year. Satisfaction about dividing household chores with the husband, family-work conflict, and satisfaction about the potential for personal development were associated factors in the 3rd survey year. Finally, family-work conflict, satisfaction about employment stability, and satisfaction about job task at work were associated factors in the 5th survey year. Conclusion: It is important to know the measures focusing on the lack of planning for childbirth, and hence these factors can be improved by assessing in general, family, and occupational characteristics. Additionally, employer policies regarding women employees who are pregnant or have children at home need to be reviewed.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-39
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• 2021

This study estimated mode choice models for access travel and neighborhood travel from an SP survey in metropolitan areas where shared e-scooter services are offered. Model results show that travel time and travel cost have negative effects on mode utility. It is also revealed that people are more sensitive to travel time in access travel, whereas they are more influenced by travel cost in neighborhood travel. Looking at individual and household attributes, it has a positive effect when under 40 yerars of age, owning bikes, being a public transportation user, while it has been shown a negative effect in less than 3 million won in monthly household income and owning individual cars.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.33-42
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• 2020

This study analyzed the bicycle traffic patterns and identified the influence factors for each traffic purpose using the household traffic conditions survey for Seoul. The results are summarized as follows. First, as a result of surveying the bicycle traffic ratios according to the administrative dongs, there was a difference of 14.2% by region. Second, various personal characteristic variables, such as age, gender, income, occupation, and housing type, affect the bicycle mode choice, and bicycle passage increases when using facilities in residential areas. Third, among the neighborhood environments, the bicycle traffic for commuting purposes appeared to increase more in the areas of higher land use mix and lower crime rates. In addition, the bicycle road density and the inclination of the area commonly affect bicycle travel for commuting, shopping, exercising, and leisure.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposure levels in workers who collect and dispose used coal briquette ash (CBA) in sanitation companies that are subcontracted by one medium-sized local government on the collection of municipal household waste (MHW), and to analyze the quartz content in CBA. When the CBA powder that undergone specialized pretreatment in several steps were subjected to mineral identification and quantitative analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was found that quartz represented 18%, and in addition, mullite, and plagioclase were included. For two CBA collectors, samples were collected by the personal sampling evaluation method. After respirable dust was collected in accordance with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 7500 method, the concentration of quartz was analyzed using XRD. Meanwhile, a portable real-time dust monitor (Sidepak AM520, TSI Inc., USA) was also used to observe the dust exposure level for each time zone and job task. The RCS exposure level of one worker was as high as 0.024 mg/㎥, which was the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLV) level. The other worker also exhibited a concentration of 0.013 mg/㎥, which was more than half of TLV. The Sidepak results revealed that the work of collecting CBA and loading it onto a vehicle was hardly exposed to the dust of a significant level. It was found, however, that the work of transferring the collected CBA to a container through a conveyor belt was exposed to a very high average respirable dust concentration of 2.238 mg/㎥. The results of this study confirmed that quartz, which is crystalline silica and a carcinogen, is contained in CBA, one of municipal household waste (MHW), in high concentration. It was also confirmed that workers are exposed to high RCS concentrations while transferring collected CBA into a container. Although each local government in South Korea handles CBA in different ways, it is imperative to investigate the CBA exposure level of sanitation workers and improve their working conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.235-246
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• 2022

This study explored the effects of recent 'single life' media contents on the spread of singlehood culture for Korean youth. Extant research on the changing trends across present-centered vs. future-oriented lifestyles had focused mainly on demographic or sociological factors. "Lifestyle transforming (entertainment) reality contents" perspective suggests that reality contents revealing one's personal daily life provides not just entertaining enjoyment but also and more importantly meaningful life-changing experiences for viewers. Given the dependency of single household youth on media use, it is expected that 'singlehood life' media contents such as reality television and YouTube Vlog would have greater influence on viewers' own reality and lifestyles. Survey results indicate that viewership of 'singlehood life' contents showed significant impacts on youth viewers' identification and unmarriedness, as well as present-centered and future-oriented lifestyles. Theoretical and practical implications of these results were discussed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.435-444
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that demographic factors, radiation knowledge level, and radiation awareness could be affecting the benefits of radiation. From July 2022 to July 2023, after receiving consent to participate by using the link of Naver through Social Network Service (SNS) for the general public, 312 people were surveyed by self-registration method without collecting personal information. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 25 questions following demographic factors (5 questions including age group by life cycle, sex, monthly household income, residence), radiation knowledge level (8 questions including basic physical, biological effects, radiation protection technology), radiation awareness (12 questions including risk, management, benefit). Independent sample T-test and ANOVA tests were performed for significant differences in the average radiation awareness between variables, and hierarchical regression was performed to identify influencing factors on radiation benefits. As a result, the benefit of radiation was significantly high among the radiation awareness, but the awareness of the danger of radiation was insufficient to the level of recognizing it as safe. Men had significantly higher awareness of radiation management and benefits than women, and the awareness of radiation management was significantly higher in the middle class with a monthly household income of 4.31 million won or more. The higher the knowledge level of radiation, the higher the awareness of the benefits of radiation. The factors that had a positive effect on radiation benefits were the high level of radiation knowledge and awareness of radiation management.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.107-128
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• 2008

It was started that Shiwe-goon was organized from Shilla-end to Goryeo foundation a country in powerful families existence merely royal household by stably plan means in the reign of Taejo. Generally Shiwe-goon was dutie king' personal danger of protection. Shiwe-goon was organized castle of guarding, stand by king and royal household side armed strength to going on a trip and general armed-organization was collapsed for Goryeo-end continued existence. Goryeo era of Shiwe-organization was divided central army and region army. Two-goon(Eungyang-goon, Yongho-goon) was undertaken king of Shiwe army and six-we(Chunwoo-we, Geumoh-we, Gammoon-we, Jeoawoo-we, Shinoh-we, Hongwe-we) was undertaked capital of guard and the border of defense duty. Central army of commanders was called Sangjanggoon, Daejanggoon. Sangjanggoon and Daejanggoon was discussed military officer of conference apparatus in Jungbang. Jungbang was got afterward Mooshinjungbeon happened military of statesman grasping political power with authority a main stay. Mooshinjungkwen era was appeared modernistic mean of privately guarding organization in Dobang and Naedobang. According as Shiwe-organization was charged military organization as a part of sovereign power and grasping strength of authority- maintenance for security and guarding duty. As a conclusion, national sovereign of guard was achieved not only personal life and body guard protection but also country of welfare protection in country-welfare dimension an inch of non-error. Also national sovereign of guard was considered guarding apparatus of allowance the largest duty and country-welfare direct connection with actual fact recognition in constancy effort.