• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.397-401
• /
• 1998

Asexual spores of Mycosphaerella nawae were profusely produced on PDA after a prolonged incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. When persimmon trees were artificially inoculated by the conidial suspension, typical symptoms of circular leaf spot of persimmon appeared on the leaves two month later. The imperfect stag of the fungus was identified as Ramularia sp. based on following morphological characteristics examined under a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Conidia were mostly ellipsoid, but occasionally cylindrical, elongated oval, taro, peanut or gourd shapes and measured as 12.2~32.6$\times$6.1~10.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. erect, hyaline, colorless-light brown. Conidia were formed solitarily or in chains on a medium and infected leaves. Conidiophore was erect, hyaline, colorless-light brown. and the size was 20.4~102.0$\times$3.1~10.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. In this paper, we firstly demonstratrated that asexual spores of M. nawae induced persimmon circular leaf spot in nature as well as sexual spores of the fungus. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the imperfect stage of the fungus plays an important role in nature for epidemics as secondary inoculum.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND: Liquid pig manure (LPM) has been used as an alternative for conventional fertilizers on some gramineous crops. However, its chemical properties varied widely depending on the degree of the digestion. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the responses of persimmon trees to immature (not well-digested) LPM application. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten application levels of immature LPM, consisted of a total of 3 to 30 L in 3-L increment, were applied during summer to 5-year-old 'Fuyu' trees grown in 50-L pots. Increasing the LPM application rate caused defoliation, wilting, and chlorosis in leaves. When applied with the rate of 3 L during summer, the tree produced small fruits with low soluble solids and bore few flower buds the following season, indicating insufficient nutritional status. In trees applied with the LPM rates of 6~12 L, both fruit characteristics and above-ground growth of the trees appeared normal but some roots were injured. However, application of higher LPM rates than 27 L resulted in small size, poor coloration, or flesh softening of the fruits the current season. Furthermore, the high LPM rates caused severe cold injury in shoots during winter and weak shoot growth the following season. It was noted that the application of higher LPM rate than 9 L damaged the root, even though above-ground parts of the tree appeared to grow normally. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that an excessive immature LPM application could cause various injuries on leaves, fruits, and the roots in both the current and the following season.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.66-70
• /
• 2003

천연 염재인 감 및 감나무 잎에서 추출한 염액에 견직물을 염색한 후, 매염제의 종류에 따른 K/S값, 염색성을 측정하였고, 견직물의 천연염색성과 물성을 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 색상은 각각의 매염제에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 후매염법이 K/S값이 크게 나타났다. 2. 감 열매가 감잎보다 짙은 남청색을 나타내었다. 3. 추출액의 농도가 높을수록 농색으로 변하였다. 4. 매염제의 종류에 따른 매염량을 측정한 결과, FeSO$_4$ 매염제가 우수한 염착량을 나타내었다. 5. 감에 의한 천연염색에 있어서 강연도와 인장강도의 물성에는 큰 변화가 없었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식품저장유통학회 1997년도 임시총회 및 제11차 학술발표회 진행표 및 발표논문 초록
• /
• pp.22-22
• /
• 1997

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2000

한국산 감잎으로부터 폴리페놀 화합물군을 분리하여 알레르기성 접촉피부염에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 그 결과 대조군에 비해 폴리페놀 화합물군에서 era swelling이 감소되었으며, 비만세포의 분포에서도 대조군에 비하여 감잎 폴리페놀 화합물 투여군에서 매우 적은 수가 확인되었으며, 이러한 결과는 제4형 알레르기 반응을 지연 또는 예방할 수 있는 생약제로서의 가능성을 시시하는 것으로 보여진다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.116-119
• /
• 2000

한국산 감잎으로부터 분리한 폴리페놀 화합물군으로부터 알레르기 저해효과에 관한 연구 결과를 얻고자 수동피부 아니필락니스 반응에 대한 효과 및 비만세포에서 유리되는 히스타민의 유리억제능을 관찰하였다. 수동피부 아나필락시스에서는 대조군에 비하여 모든 군에서 유의하게 격감되었으며, 3차에 걸친 항원투여 기간에 있어서도 이러한 경향은 계속되었으며, 항원 투여 후 혈중의 히스타민을 측정한 결과 거의 정상군에 가깝게 혈중 히스타민 함량을 낮추는 역할을 하였다. 이러한 결과는 알레르기 치료제들이 갖는 부작용을 최소화시킬 수 있는 새로운 치료제로서의 가능성을 보여주는 것으로 사료된다.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2016

In this study, the phylogeny and morphology of Mycosphaerella nawae (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) were examined using Korean and Japanese isolates, to establish the phylogenetic relationship between M. nawae and its allied species. Korean and Japanese isolates of M. nawae were collected from circular leaf spot-diseased leaves and were confirmed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using multiple genes, including the ITS region, 28S rDNA, ${\beta}-tubulin$, translation elongation $factor-1{\alpha}$, and actin genes. Our results revealed that M. nawae is closely related to members of the genus Phaeophleospora but are distant from the Ramularia spp. In addition, microscopic analysis revealed pseudothecia on the adaxial and abaxial surface of overwintered diseased leaves (ODL) and only on the abaxial surface of diseased leaves. Ascospores are oval to fusiform, one-septate, tapered at both ends, $1.7{\sim}3.1{\times}8.1{\sim}14.1{\mu}m$, and were observed in ODL. Conidia are oval, guttulate, one-septate, $3.5{\sim}4.9{\times}12.8{\sim}19.8{\mu}m$, and barely discernable on 30-day cultures. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the phylogeny of M. nawae, which is closely related to the genus Phaeophleospora, especially P. scytalidii.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.43-59
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of Persimmon Leaves extract (PL) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells B16F10. Methods: The inhibitory effects of PL on melanin synthesis were determined by in vitro assay. To elucidate inhibitory effects of PL on melanin synthesis, we determined the melanin release and melanin production in B16F10. And to investigate the action mechanism, we assessed the gene expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, PKA, PKC${\beta}$, ERK-1, ERK-2, AKT-1, MITF in B16F10. Results: 1. PL inhibited melanin release, melanin production in B16F10. 2. PL inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16F10. 3. PL suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 in B16F10. 4. PL suppressed the expression of PKA, PKC${\beta}$ in B16F10. 5. PL increased the expression of ERK-1, ERK-2, AKT-1 in B16F10. 6. PL suppressed the expression of MITF in B16F10. Conclusion: From these results, it may be concluded that PL is possesed of the antimelanogenetic effects.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.203-207
• /
• 1996

Methanol extract of dried persimmon leaves was refractionated using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol aqueous fractions. Among these chloroform fraction showed the highest inhibition rate on the mutagenicities of aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁) and 3,2' -dimethyl-4-amino-bipheny1(DMAB) in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. Chloroform fraction was further fractionated into eight fractions by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The fraction 5 on TLC exhibited the highest antimutagenic activities in AFB₁and DMAB. 2,4-Decadienal, dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone, hexanoic acid 1,4-bis(1-methy1 ethy1)benzene, heptanoic acid, phenol, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid and benzoic acid were tentatively identified from this antimutagenic fraction by GC-MS.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2002

감잎의 메탄을 추출물과 이를 극성이 다른 용매로 더욱 불리한 용매별 획분들의 돌연변이 유발 억제효과를 spore rec assay를 이용하여 검토하고 사람의 결장암 세포인 HT-29와 사람의 위암 세포인 AZ-521의 증식에 대한 저해효과를 실험하였다. 감잎의 메탄을 추출물은 spore rec assay에서 N-methyl- N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) 의 돌연변이성을 61% 정도 억제하였으며, 감잎의 메탄을 추출물에서 효과가 있었던 활성물질을 정제하기 위하여 다시 극성이 다른 용매들로 각각 추출하여 얻은 획분 중에서는 헥산, 클로로포름 및 에틸아세테이트 획분이 강한 돌연변이 유발억제효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 감잎의 메탄을 추출물은 암세포의 증식을 억제시키는 항발암 효과가 관찰되었는데 사람의 결장암 세포인 UT-29와 사람의 위암 세포인 AZ-521에 감잎의 메탄을 추출물을 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml와 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 첨가시 이들 암세포의 증식이 각각 90%와 99%가지 크게 억제되었다. 감잎의 메탄을 추출물을 다시 극성이 다른 용매들로 분리한 획분들 중에서는 사람의 결장암 세포인 HT-29와 사람의 위암세포인 AZ-521에 감잎의 클로로포름 획분을 각각 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml와 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 첨가시 이들 암세포의 증식 억제율이 100%에 달하였고 감잎의 에틸아세테이트 획분도 사람의 결장암 세포(HT-29)와 사람의 위암세포(AZ-521)에 대해 클로로포름 획분 다음으로 강한 항발암 효과가 관찰되었으며, 헥산 획분도 이들 두 획분(클로로포름 및 에틸아세테이트)보다는 낮았으나 암세포 증식을 억제하는 효과가 관찰되어 항돌연변이 실험에서와 일치하는 결과를 얻었다.