• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2007

The terminological definition of 'safety' is difficult because the word has an meaning and the usage is too wide and various in itself. There could be various meanings of 'safety' according to the specific area on which the term is used. Even though the variety is permitted, a definition on the term of 'safety' is necessary not only to raise the understanding of consistent terminological meaning but also to make assure the perfectness on all of the applications. The term of 'safety' can be understood clearly by the comparison with the antonym and the synonym, and the limitation of the usage can be established through the comparative studies. Comparing with the antonym such as 'risk', 'safety' implies the recognition and prevention of the danger before an accident or a disaster occurs. Comparing with another antonym of 'disaster', 'safety' comprehends all the saving activities for the disaster and the measures to prevent the spread of collateral damages. The comparison with the synonym, 'security' shows that 'safety' can include the prevention of intentional mishaps. The Korean word of 'safety' might be selected by a scholar who was well educated to understand Chinese language and certain canonical texts written in Chinese. The etymological study of 'safety' was concentrated on I-ching which has been believed that could foretell a future and show a measure to prevent bad luck by performing good virtue in the life. The Korean word of 'safety' might come from Xicizhuan(Great treatise) which is known as one of ten commentaries for I-ching. The texts from Xicizhuan describes that all of the explanations about safety which could be translated to the principles of safety nowadays.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.211-326
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• 2002

본 연구는 디지털도서관의 복제.전송과 관련된 저작권보호 환경을 조사하여 분석 평가하고, 제반문제점을 식별하여 개선방안을 제시하는 데 있다. 데이터수집은 저작권법에 의하여 디지털복제 전송이 허용된 50개 도서관을 대상으로, 시스템 도입 및 복제 \ulcorner전송 현황을 조사하고, 저작권법에서 의무화한 6개 기술조치를 이행한 5개 도서관 이용자를 표집하여 디지털자료의 이용 및 저작권에 대한 인식을 조사하였고, 기초통계량을 고찰하고 빈도분석과 교차분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 산업대학 도서관을 제외한 거의 모든 도서관이 디지털도서관시스템을 도입하고 있으나. 디지털복제(68.0%) .전송시스템(84.0%) 도입비율은 높은 반면, 저작권보호시스템(26.0%) 도입비율은 낮다. 조사대상 도서관의 84.0%가 전문을 디지털화하고 있으나, 대부분 5천건 미만의 자료를 디지털화하였으며. 저작권을 확보하여 터지털화하는 도서관은 33.3%로 낮게 나타났다. 저작권보호를 위한 법적 규제가 제대로 이행되지 못하고 이행 수준도 낮으며, 이용자의 전자책에 대한 인지도와 이용률은 낮은 편이며 저작권에 대한 인식 또한 낮다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

의료기관에서 환자의 개인건강정보는 진료를 위해 의료진의 정보열람이 반드시 필요한 사항이다. 그러나 이러한 정보의 불필요한 노출은 개인정보보호와 관련이 있어 민감하게 취급되어야 하며, 의료기관에 종사하는 사용자들이라 할지라도 접근에 있어 역할에 따른 제한이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 의료진과 그 이외의 직원들 간의 사용자 식별을 통한 개인건강정보의 접근 통제뿐만 아니라 업무에 따른 조건을 추가하여 사용자 직종 내에서도 상황에 따른 접근 통제에 대해 연구하였다. 응급상황, 담당과 여부에 따른 접근 통제, 그리고 환자가 정하는 본인의 개인정보에 대한 접근통제를 포함하여 확장된 개념의 역할기반 접근제어를 합으로써 의료기관내에서 환자의 개인건강정보의 불필요한 접근이나 유출을 최소화 할 수 있다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2008

Using the spectral data in the 3700 to $10050{\AA}$ wavelength range secured with the Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph (HES) at the Lick observatory, we have investigated the expansion velocities and the physical conditions of the elliptical planetary nebula NGC 6803. Various forbidden and permitted lines, e.g. HI, HeI, HeII, [OIII], [NII], [ArIII], and [SII], indicate complicated but systematic physical conditions variation: electron temperatures $T_{\varepsilon}\;{\sim}\;9000$ - 11000 K and electron number densities $N_{\varepsilon}\;{\sim}\;2000$ - $9000\;cm^{-3}$. The line profile analysis of these ions also indicates the systematic change or the acceleration of the expansion velocities in the range of 10 - $22\;km\;s^{-1}$. We show that the velocity gradient and physical condition found in various ions are closely related to the prolate ellipsoidal structure of NGC 6803. The expansion velocity and the ionic abundance of $O^{2+}$ were derived based on the OII and [OIII] lines. In spite of the discrepancy of ionic abundances derived by the two cases and their line profiles, the expansion velocities of them agree well. We find that the ratios of the red to blue line component of the HeII & OII lines are different from those of the [OIII] or other forbidden lines that indicates a possible involvement of emission of HeII & OII lines. This subtle difference and the different physical condition of the lines are likely to be caused by the elongated geometry and the latitude dependence of the emission zone.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2005

A new medical system was started in Korea in 2000 and pharmaceutical affairs law was revised in 2001. According to the revised law, generic substitution is permitted only to therapeutically equivalent generic product. Bioequivalence studies are usually used to demonstrate therapeutic equivalence between reference listed drugs and generic drugs. The issues that are recently heating up in Korea are to increase bioequivalent drug products and at the same time to ensure the credibility of the therapeutic equivalence of generic drugs. Sometimes food can change the bioavailability (BA) of a drug and influence the bioequivalence (BE) between test and reference products as well. Food effects on BA can have clinically significant consequences. Food can alter BA by various means including delaying gastric emptying, stimulating bile flow and changing gastointestinal pH. This paper provides the recently published Korean guideline on food-effect BA and fed BE studies.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.242-256
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• 2011

소셜미디어를 통해 개인의 일상을 공유하는 활동이 보편화되었다. 이 경우에는 텍스트뿐 아니라 사진도 많이 활용을 하게 되는데, 사진을 찍어 올리기가 손쉬운 만큼 타인의 사진을 스크랩하는 일도 매우 용이해졌다. 그러나 그 사진이 저작권법상 보호받는 사진저작물에 해당한다면 스크랩에 신중을 기할 필요가 있다. 타인의 사진저작물을 무단이용한 경우 저작권 침해가 성립하며, 이것을 내 블로그 등 소셜미디어에 게시한 경우에는 복제권 전송권 전시권을 침해하게 된다. 스크랩이 허용된 경우라 하더라도 그 사진저작물을 영리목적으로 사용하려면 별도의 허락을 얻어야 한다. 저작권 침해 논란에서 벗어나기 위해 타인의 사진저작물을 변형해서 사용하는 경우가 있는데, 이때에는 변형의 정도에 따라 복제권 동일성유지권 2차적 저작물작성권 침해가 이루어진다. 화면캡처의 기술이 발달하여 몇 번의 클릭만으로 타인의 사진저작물을 다운로드받을 수 있지만, 기술적으로 가능한 행위가 모두 합법적이지는 않다는 사실을 항상 인식하여야 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.606-612
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• 2007

Since the introduction of chemotherapy for the treatment of childhood leukemia more than 50 years ago, the results of childhood cancer have improved dramatically. The 5-year survival rate of disease, many of which were uniformly fatal in the prechemotherapy era, reached to more than 75%. This remarkable improvement in survival is a direct result of the incorporation of chemotherapeutics into treatment regimens that previously relied only on surgery or radiotherapy for the primary tumor. The multimodality approach, which integrates surgery and radiotherapy to control local disease with chemotherapy to eradicate systemic or metastatic disease, has become the standard approach to treating most childhood cancers. The overall improvement in outcomes in childhood solid tumors has been related to the development of multidisplinary cooperative studies that has permitted the development of well-designed tumor treatment protocols characterized by uniform staging criteria, sharing informations in pathologic classification, uniform methods for tumor markers, oncogenes, and other biologic and genetic factors. Important advances in the biologic study of cancer and its genetic basis led to a number of observations that impact directly on the management of childhood solid tumors. Identification of specific genes, oncogenes, tumor markers, and other biologic and pathologic factors plays an important role in both staging and clarifying the risk categorization of individual patients. Treatment of the patient is influenced by the recognition of specific risk factors. This knowledge has resulted in a change in the approach to care based not only on staging criteria, but also on risk-based management. This concept uses various risk factors of outcomes. Risk-based management allows for each patient to maximize survival, minimize long-term morbidity and improve the quality of life, especially for children's growth and development.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.539-546
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• 1996

The physical condition of rapeseed delivered to fat industry plants plays a significant role in the formation of the qualitative features of the raw material for oil production and, consequently , of the oil itself. Rapeseed is stored in silos , frequently for months, before it is subjected to processing. During the long storage, the conditions of the seed cover is very important, as the seed cover provides natural protection of the seed against the effect of the environment. Seeds with damaged seed cover are more easily affected by mildew, and the rate of chemical processes. Deteriorating the quality of oil contained in the cotyledons is faster in such seeds. Cracked seed covers facilitates also the growth and development of microorgaism. So as rapeseed damage occurring inthe course of harvest and the post-harvest processing have a negative effect of the quality and quantity of oil the sees contain. The study presented here was aimed at examining the typical process of purcha ing and handling of rapeseed in fat industry plants, in the aspect of the occurrence of mechanical damage to the seeds. Special attention was paid to the condition of rapeseed immediately after combine harvesting : next , the successive stages of technological handling of the seed were examined. observing the operation parameters of the particular machinery and equipment in order to identify those operations which caused deterioration in the quality of the material (sees). Seed samples were taken successively from the following the hopper, prior to cleaning , after cleaning , prior to drying , after drying, from dry rape silo. The total level of damage increased through the handling. The content of unusable contaminants had the tendency to decrease in the successive operations. though the actual values still exceeded levels permitted by standards. The study allow to indicate the operation fo postharvest technological process, which cause the most seed damage as well as gave quantita ive description of the losses occurred.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 1981

삶은 스파게티를 10%, 20%와 40% 글리세린 수용액에 10분간 담가둔결과 차후의 건조 과정에서 가소화(可塑化)시키는데 충분한 글리세린을 흡수했다. 글리세린의 가소화작용으로 높은 건조온도와 건습구온도의 큰차에서도 스파게티가 균열되고 표면에 주름지는 것이 방지되었다. 그러한 보호가 가능한 건조온도와 건습구온도차는 글리세린의 농도가 높을수록 높아졌다. 건조속도의 감소에도 불구하고 스파게티의 수분활성도를 0.65로(저장안정성에 필요한 수준) 내리는데 필요한 건조시간은 글리세린양이 증가함에 따라 짧아졌다. 글리세린의 첨가로 늪은 건조온도에서 스파게티의 갈변화 정도가 심해졌고 갈변화를 유도하는 기간이 짧아졌으나 갈 변화는 모든 경우에 스파게티의 수분활성 가 건조완성에 필요한 0.65에 도달한 훨씬 후에 시작되었다. 글리세린의 첨가로 건조시간을 단축하고 더 높은 온도에서 건조할 수 있기 때문에 약간의 글리세린을 (0.15 kg glycerine/ kg dry spaghetti) 첨가함으로써 스파게티의 건조시간을 약 80%에서 93%까지 단축시킬 수 있다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.188-196
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition counseling on diabetes management by determining changes in anthropometry and blood components as well as knowledge and practice of diet therapy and nutrient intake in 34 (male 11, female 23) type 2 diabetes patients. The knowledge and the practice of diet therapy, drinking, smoking and exercise were analyzed by questionnaires. Dietary nutrient intake were obtained from the patients by the 1 day 24-hr recall. Blood glucose level and blood pressure were measured before and 3 months after the treatment. The results are summarized as follows: Average weight (p<0.05) and body mass index (p<0.05) were significantly lower post-counseling. Fasting blood glucose levels (p<0.01) and postprandial-2hour blood glucose levels (p<0.01) were also significantly lower post-counseling. In lifestyle changes for self-management the patients showed significantly higher exercise habits post-counseling (p<0.01). Regarding their level of diet knowledge, they showed significantly higher levels post-counseling in six items such as importance of diet therapy for diabetes (p<0.001), principles of diet therapy (p<0.001), nutrient composition of foods (p<0.01), carbohydrate composition of foods (p<0.001), the prescribed calories (p<0.001) understanding food item and exchange units of cereals, grains (p<0.001) and fruits, juices (p<0.001). Regarding their diet practices, the patients showed significantly higher levels of practice post-counseling in keeping within permitted meal size (p<0.001), using food exchange lists (p<0.001), keeping exact meal times (p<0.01), and controling sweet foods (p<0.001). Protein (p<0.05), animal lipid (p<0.05), and vitamin C (p<0.05) intakes were significantly higher post-counseling.