• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.60.1-60.6
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• 2019

Background: The lingual nerve plays an important role in multiple functions, including gustatory sensation and contact sensitivity and thermosensitivity. Misdiagnosed conservative treatments for serious lingual nerve (LN) injuries can induce the patient to serious mental disability. After continuous observation and critical diagnosis of the injury, in cases involving significant disruption of lingual nerve function, microneurosurgical reconstruction of the nerve is recommended. Direct anastomosis of the torn nerve ends without tension is the recommended approach. However, in cases that present significant gaps between the injured nerve ends, nerve grafts or conduits (tubes of various materials) are employed. Recently, various reconstruction materials for peripheral nerves were commercially offered especially in the USA, but the best method and material is still unclear in the world. There currently exists no conventional protocol for managing LN neurosensory deficiency in regard to optimal methods and the timing for surgical repair. In Japan, the allograft collagen nerve for peripheral nerves reconstruction was permitted in 2017, and we tried to use this allograft nerve and got a recommendable result. Case presentation: This report is a long-term abandoned torn LN reconstructed with allograft nerve induced by the lower third molar extraction. Conclusions: In early sick period, with the exact diagnosis, the LN disturbance should be managed. In a serious condition, the reconstruction with allograft nerve is one of the recommendable methods.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.141-153
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• 1997

1996년 현재 케이블TV 방송국수는 전국에 54개로, 인구규모가 큰 도시에 방송국이 많이 입지하고 있다. 그리고 방송국의 분포는 각 시ㆍ도의 수요규모가 가장 큰 도청 소재지나 제2의 도시에 입지하는 특징을 나타내고 있다. 각 시ㆍ도의 설립예정 방송국수와 가구수와의 상관관계는 매우 높다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 광역화 방송구역의 가구수와 인구수를 보면, 평균 가구수는 약 181,000가구이고, 인구수는 약 585.000명이고, 케이블 TV방송국이 입지하기 위하여 최소의 필요 시장규모는 가구수가 약 73.000가구, 인구수는 약 230,000명이다. 광역화 방송구역과 1차 허가 전국 방송구역의 가구수와 인구수를 비교해 보면, 광역화 방송구역의 표준편차 값이 커져 시장규모 크기의 분산도가 커졌다는 것을 알 수 있다. 청주시.청원군 방송구역의 동ㆍ면별 케이블TV 가입률에 영향을 미치는 요인은 평균연령, 아파트 보급률이나, 이 중 아파트 보급률이 더 영향을 미치고 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.309-312
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• 2008

The advent of high resolution products of surface wind and temperature derived by satellite data has permitted us to investigate ocean and atmosphere interaction studies in detail. Especially the Kuroshio extension region of the western North Pacific is considered to be a key area for such studies. We have constructed gridded products of surface wind/wind stress over the world ocean using satellite scatterometer (Qscat/SeaWinds), available as the Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote sensing Observation (J-OFURO). Using new data based on improved algorithm which have been recently delivered, we are reconstructing gridded product with higher spatial resolution. Intercomparison of this product with the previous one reveals that there are some discrepancies between them in short-period and high wind-speed ranges especially in the westerly wind region. The products are validated by not only comparisons with in-situ measurement data by mooring buoys such as TAO/TRITON in the tropical Pacific and the Kuroshio Extension Observation (KEO) buoys, but also intercomparison with numerical weather prediction model (NWPM) products (the NRA-1 and 2). Our products have much smaller mean difference in the study areas than the NWPM ones, meaning higher reliability compared with the NWPM products. Using the high resolution products together with sea surface temperature (SST) data, we examine a new type of relationship between the lower atmosphere and upper ocean in the Kuroshio Extension region. It is suggested that the spatial relation between the wind speed and SST depends upon, more or less, the surrounding oceanic condition.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1327-1336
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• 1992

Between Jan. 1986 and Aug. 1992. 72 patients underwent Rastelli procedure. There were 43 male and 29 female, aged 46 days to 16 years [mean age, 5.2 years] with 18 patients less than 2 years of age. All patients had complex defect, 27 pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, 18 corrected transposition of great arteries with pulmonary atresia or punmonary stenosis, 10 truncus arteriosus, 10 double outlet right ventricle with pulmonary atresia or stenosis, 7 complete transposition of great artersia with pulmonary atresia or pulmonary stenosis. The types of extracardiac valved conduit used were prosthetic valve[n=47, 24 car-bomedics, 19 Ionescu-Shiley, 4 Bjork-shiley] and hand-made trileaflet valve using pericardium. [n=23, 20 bovine pericardium, Z autologous pericardium, 1 equine pericardium] The mean size of valved cinduit was 5.25mm larger in diameter than the size of main pulmonary artery. [normalized to the patient`s body surface area] There were 17 hospital death[24%] and 4 late deaths[5.6%]. Postoperative complication rate was 38.9%a, none of which was conduit-related. All patients were followed pos-toperatively for 1 to 73 months. [mean 25.8 months] During follow-up period, reoperation was done in 6 patients due to stenosis of valved conduit. Mean interval between intial repair and reoperation was 20.3 months. In our experience, li recently extracardaic valved conduits between right ventricle [or pulmonary ventricle] and pulmonary artery were inserted with increasing frequency in infants less than 2 year, but hospital mortality was decreased, 2] Risk of reoperation due to conduit stenosis is low, so that the effect of graft failure on overall survival is minimized. 3] Nevertheless, because any type of extracardaic valved conduit is not ideal in children, we recommended that Lecompte should be done if cardiac anatomy is permitted.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to develop sausage using Leuconostoc citreum which was isolated from Kimchi. Leuconostoc citreum was added to sausage at three concentrations of 1, 3 and $5\%$, and was stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 40 days. The pH of the sausage containing Leuconostoc citreum was similar to the control group. The TBA value of the group containing Leuconostoc citreum was lower than the control group. However, the TBA value of the control group steadily increased after 10 days of storage, and there were only minor changes in the groups containing Leuconsostoc citreum. In addition, the TBA value of the sausages employed for the present study was either 0.46MA mg/kg or less than that over the entire period of storage. The residual nitrite value was 47.1 ppm at the beginning of the storage in the control group and was 32.5, 32.2 and 30.9 ppm in the groups containing Leuconostoc citreum. The sausages with TBA values higher than 70 ppm are not permitted in Korea. With regards totexture characteristics, it was observed the hardness was lower in the groups containing Leuconostoc ctireum than in the control group while springiness was almost the same in both the groups, but the group containing $1\%$ Leuconostoc citreum showed the best springiness. Both gumminess and brittleness were lower in the groups containing Leuconostoc citreumthan than in the control group. It was inferred that with an increase in the concentration of Leuconostoc citreum there was a decrease in the value of gumminess and brittleness. The results of the sensory evaluation were generally better in the groups containing Leuconostoc citreum than the control group. The sausage containing $3\%$ Leuconostoc citreum obtained the most excellent scores.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권8A호
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• pp.723-729
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• 2011

미 연방통신위원회 FCC가 디지털 방송 전환으로 인해 발생되는 유휴 주파수 대해 비면허 시스템의 사용을 허가함에 따라 비면허 시스템은 사용에 앞서 데이터베이스 혹은 센싱 정보를 통해 면허 사용자로의 간섭을 방지하도록 하고 있다. 미국 디지털 TV 표준인 ATSC 신호는 특정 주파수에 강한 파일럿 신호를 포함하고 있어 센싱 알고리즘들은 이 파일럿 신호를 검출하는 메카니즘으로 연구되어 왔으나 페이딩 등의 영향으로 파일럿 주파수 감쇄가 심한 경우에는 검출이 어려운 특징을 나타냈다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이를 보완할 수 있는 방식으로 수신 신호의 에너지를 가중치로 가지는 싸이클로 스테이셔너리 특성을 이용한 새로운 검출 알고리즘 및 데이터 통합 방식을 제안하였다. 전산 모의 실험 결과 약한 파일럿을 가진 신호의 경우 기존 싸이클로 스테이셔너리 특성 최대값만을 이용한 결과보다 제안된 검출 방식을 적용하였을 때 90% 검출 성능 기준으로 약 2dB정도의 SNR 개선 효과가 나타났으며, 제안 검출 방식을 이용한 데이터 통합 방식의 경우에도 기존 방식에 비해 약 2dB정도의 SNR 개선 효과가 나타남으로써 이 방식을 적용할 경우 전송 휴지 기간 감소 흑은 검출 성능 향상 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 1981

삶은 스파게티를 10%, 20%와 40% 글리세린 수용액에 10분간 담가둔결과 차후의 건조 과정에서 가소화(可塑化)시키는데 충분한 글리세린을 흡수했다. 글리세린의 가소화작용으로 높은 건조온도와 건습구온도의 큰차에서도 스파게티가 균열되고 표면에 주름지는 것이 방지되었다. 그러한 보호가 가능한 건조온도와 건습구온도차는 글리세린의 농도가 높을수록 높아졌다. 건조속도의 감소에도 불구하고 스파게티의 수분활성도를 0.65로(저장안정성에 필요한 수준) 내리는데 필요한 건조시간은 글리세린양이 증가함에 따라 짧아졌다. 글리세린의 첨가로 늪은 건조온도에서 스파게티의 갈변화 정도가 심해졌고 갈변화를 유도하는 기간이 짧아졌으나 갈 변화는 모든 경우에 스파게티의 수분활성 가 건조완성에 필요한 0.65에 도달한 훨씬 후에 시작되었다. 글리세린의 첨가로 건조시간을 단축하고 더 높은 온도에서 건조할 수 있기 때문에 약간의 글리세린을 (0.15 kg glycerine/ kg dry spaghetti) 첨가함으로써 스파게티의 건조시간을 약 80%에서 93%까지 단축시킬 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 1998

The effects of filling amount and temperature of orage juices on the release of tin from can were investigated according to storage period and temperature. For the experiment, the orange juice in can with the full weight of 200g were filled respectively with 170g, 180g, 190g, respectively, changing filling temperature to 8$0^{\circ}C$, 88$^{\circ}C$, 93$^{\circ}C$. In the case of 170g orange juice content all samples with the filling temperature at 8$0^{\circ}C$, 88$^{\circ}C$, 93$^{\circ}C$ and the storage temperature at 4$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$ surpassed 150ppm(the permitted limit of tin) of released tin content after 30 days in ascending order. In the case of 180g orange juice content, all samples except the one with the filling temperature at 93$^{\circ}C$ and storage temperature at 4$^{\circ}C$, which took 90 days to surpass the limit, surpassed 150ppm of released tin content after 30days. In the case of 190g orange juice content, the samples with the filling temperature of 88$^{\circ}C$ and 93$^{\circ}C$ and with the storage temperature at 4$0^{\circ}C$ took 60 days to reached to the limit, while the samples with the storage temperature at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 26$^{\circ}C$ contained within the 150ppm limit for 240 days. The vacuum of can increased as the filling temperature was increased, and the sample with higher filling amount and temperature at the lower storage temperature decreased the release of tin.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

This study is a review of Ipsik, the decorative ornaments found on traditional Korean horsehair hats, known as Ipja, which were worn by men in the late Joseon Dynasty. In a broad sense, Ipsik are regarded as men's accessories. Therefore, although this study is limited to Ipja, it is significant in the sense that it delves into one facet of men's accessories in detail. Because the appearance of the horsehair hats was rather mundane, Ipsik and Ibyeong were added as ornaments. During the Joseon period, various types of hat ornaments existed, named Maeksu, Hosu, Gongjagu, Sangmo, Jingdori, Ijeon, Guyeongja and Ibyeong. A person's social ranking and class could be discerned by the materials used in the Ipsik he wore. Jeongja, a decorative accessory used to attach to an official's hat, was institutionalized in the sixteenth year of King Gongmin's reign(1367), during the Goryeo Dynasty, prior to the founding of China's Ming Dynasty in 1368, which indicates that Jeongja were influenced by the Yuan Dynasty. A record in Lao Chi'ta (a textbook of spoken Chinese estimated circa 1346) confirms this fact. Based on a review of literature, we learn that just as with Ongno, Jeongja were imported for use on Jeonrip, a soldier's hat. During the Ching Dynasty, Jeongja were further subdivided and more exquisitely designed. On the other hand, in the Joseon Dynasty, a rule was handed down mandating that a royal prince use gold for his jeongja, officials at third rank or above use silver, and governors, commanders in chief, and officials with the Office of Inspector General and Office of Censor General use jade. Inspectors were permitted to use crystal. Jeongja made of jade were used until the late Joseon Dynasty.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 1995

Conservation of the natural environiment In chosun-Dynasty, Korea, is analysed on the basis of the of official records of the king's offices(Chosun-wangjo-sillok). In the popular ideologies of the dynasty, Seongleehak(philosophy of humanity arid natural laws) and Pungsu (geomancy) , the naturnal enviroment is defined as an entity con-sisting of Cheon (heaven) , San(mnountains) , Su (water), Geumsu (animals)and Chomok (plants) .the notion of Tacksi-Tackmul(being careful to take natural resources at the right time) was one of the Cheonmyung (eavenly decrees) . It was believed that violation of this principle resulted in natural disasters. Sasan(four mountains surrounding Hansungbu-, the capital city, now Seoul) , were strictly preserved according to geomancy practices. In areas other than the capital city, Sanlimcheontack (mountains, forests, rivers and ponds) were con-served for sustained production of building materials especially pinetrees for ship building, foods, firewoods, horses, and orter useful natural resources. Various conservation policy insturuments were adopted. Prunning trees was permitted only in October. Capturing fishes was allowed only after the spawning period. Protection areas were designated in Sasan, Seongjoesiplee (surroundings of the capital city) , Geumsan(protected mountains), Kangmujang(hunting and army training grounds), Sijang(firewood areas), Mokmajang(horse ranches) and Neungyuk(royal tombs) . Activities prohibited for conservation purposes included cutting timbers, burning, building houses or tombs, dumping wastes, farming and breaking up fresh land, grazing, hunting and trespassing. Positive actions for conservation were rituals to Heaven ennoblement of natural elements such as mountians or rivers, planting trees, Boto (supplementing soil on low ridges) , Josan (mounding) and making ponds. Boto, Josan and making ponds were to make ideal terrains for geomancy. Many government bodies and civil servants were engaged in the conservation activities. For example, Sanjik(forest keeper) was a special position with responsibility for forest management.