• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.231-236
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• 1995

Effects of sodium salts of various monovalent inorganic anions on transdermal permeation of salicylic acid were investigated. In in-vitro experiment using a Franz-type diffusion cell and excisicylic acid were investigated. In-vitro experiment using a Franze-type diffusion cell and excised mouse skin, the permeation-enhancing activities of the sodium salts of inoraganic anions were rougly proportional to lyotropic Hofmeister serlling abilities of the anions l F/sup -/

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2004년도 Proceedings of the second conference of aseanian membrane society
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• pp.94-97
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• 2004

Micro/nano-sized L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$Co $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ particles are considered to improve oxygen permeability in highly selective inorganic oxygen separation membrane. A L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membrane with perovskite structure is fabricated by a conventional solid-state reaction. As the oxygen permeation flux of the L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membrane was lower than commercial gas separation membranes, we coated the L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$Co $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ particles to enhance the oxygen permeation flux. It has been demonstrated that the effective area of reactive free surface is an important factor in determining the effectiveness of the introduction of coating layer for oxygen permeation. The introduction of micro/nano L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$Co $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ particles was very effective for increasing oxygen flux, as the flux was as much as 2 to 6 times higher than that of an uncoated L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membrane.\delta$/ membrane.>/ membrane.brane.

• 멤브레인
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 디스크 링 형태에 패터닝된 박막을 적층시킨 모듈의 분리특성을 규명하고자 투과실험을 수행하였다. 먼저, 본 연구에서 자체 제작한 5가지 형태의 디스크 필터의 순수 투과도를 측정하였으며 그 값은 0.25 내지 $2.24L/m^2{\cdot}hr{\cdot}bar$이었다. 0.1 wt% 카올린 수용액을 투과시키면 순수 투과율이 가장 높은 모듈의 투과유속이 가장 높았고, 순수 투과율이 가장 낮았던 모듈의 카올린 투과유속이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 그러나 모든 모듈의 카올린 투과유속이 순수 투과율에 비례하지는 않았다. 또한 0.1 wt% 수용액으로 장시간 운전하기 위하여 디스크 필터 모듈 1에 주기적으로 역세척을 실시하였으며 가장 효율적인 운전조건은 투과시간 8분, 역세척 2분 주기임을 확인하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.787-793
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• 2001

고상 반응법으로 제조된 $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_{3-{\delta}}$ 분리막의 소결거동을 살펴보고, 분리막 양면에 산소농도의 차이를 부여하여 산소투과량을 측정하였다. 최적 소결조건에서 제조된 상대밀도 98%의 치밀한 분리막 자체의 산소공공을 통한 혼합전도에 기인해 750$^{\circ}$C∼950$^{\circ}$C의 온도구간에서 산소가 투과되었으며, 850$^{\circ}$C에서 약 0.1ml/$cm^2{\cdot}$min의 투과량을 나타내었다. 안정한 산소 투과량에 도달하기 위해서는 산소투입 후 일정한 시간이 요구되었고, 이러한 산소투과량은 산소부분압의 조절로 제어가 가능하였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 Si 미립자를 함유한 반도체 세정폐수의 관형막을 이용한 한외여과특성을 검토하였다. 관형막의 시간변화에 따른 투과유속의 감소현상은 막표면에 형성된 케익층의 증가 및 기공막힘에 기인하며, cross flow는 케익여과에 의한 막오염 형태를 보였으나 dead-end flow는 기공막힘과 케익여과에 의한 혼합형태를 보였다. Cross Flow의 케익저항의 크기는 3.16$\times$$10^{12}$ ~4.34$\times$$10^{12}$ $m^{-1}$ 였고, dead-end flow 는 6.6 $\times$$10^{12}$ ~12.19$\times$$10^{12}$ $m^{-1}$였다. 운전초기의 흐름형태에 따른 투과유속은 cross flow 가 dead-end flow 의 약 7 배였다. Cross flow 투과유속은 약 42 $\ell$/$m^2$ hr, 용질배제율은 약 96 % 였으며, 분리막공정을 거친 투과수 중의 Si 입자의 평균크기는 20nm였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2010

Ketoprofen is one of the propionic acid class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic effects. The most common side effects from ketoprofen after oral administration are gastrointestinal irritation, diarrhea, abdominal pain and retention of fluid. Ketoprofen was formulated as water-soluble gels to reduce these side effects. To increase the skin permeability of ketoprofen, microsphere containing ketoprofen was prepared with chitosan and ploy-$\varepsilon$-caprolactone. And then prepared microsphere was manufactured as an adhesive hydrogel with polyvinylpyrrolidone K-25, polyethylene glycol 4000, and various permeation enhancers. The flux and permeability of ketoprofen were evaluated. As the concentration of tween 80 and enhancers increased, the flux of ketroprofen was accelerated. Also the permeation rate was facilitated by enhancers, but did not affect the lag time. From these results, the adhesive hydrogel using microsphere could be a good delivery system for ketoprofen to improve the skin permeation.

• 멤브레인
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

A characterization of the permeation and separation using single salt solution was carried out with charged composite membranes. Various charged composite membranes were fabricated by blending an ionic polymer with a nonionic polymer in different ratios. In this study, sodium alginate, chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) were employed as anionic, cationic and nonionic polymers, respectively. The permeation and separation behaviors of the aqueous salt solutions have been investigated through the charged composite membranes with various charge densities. As the content of the ionic polymer increased in the membrane, the hydrophilicity of the membrane increased, and pure water flux and the solution flux increased correspondingly, indicating that the permeation performance through the membrane is determined mainly by its hydrophilicity. Electrostatic interaction between the charged membrane and ionic solute molecules, that is, Donnan exclusion, was observed to be attributed to salt rejection to a greater extent, and molecular sieve mechanism was effective for the separation of salts under a similar electrostatic circumstance of solutes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2018

The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers on electroosmotic flow (EOF) through skin. The effect of size and concentration of dendrimer was studied, using generation 1, 4 and 7 dendrimer (G1, G4 and G7, respectively). As a marker molecule for the direction and magnitude of EOF, a neutral molecule, acetoaminophen (AAP) was used. The visualization of dendrimer permeation into the current conducting pore (CCP) of skin was made using G4-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate and confocal microscopy. Without dendrimer, anodal flux of AAP was much higher than cathodal or passive flux. When G1 dendrimer was added, anodal flux decreased, presumably due to the decrease in EOF by the association of G1 dendrimer with net negative charge in CCP. As the generation increased, larger decrease in anodal flux was observed, and the direction of EOF was reversed. Small amount of methanol used for the preparation of dendrimer solution also contributed to the decrease in anodal flux of AAP. Cross-sectional view perpendicular to the skin surface by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) study showed that G4 dendrimer-FITC conjugate (G4-FITC) can penetrate into the viable epidermis and dermis under anodal current. The permeation route seemed to be localized on hair follicle region. These results suggest that PAMAM dendrimers can permeate into CCP and change the magnitude and direction of EOF. Overall, we obtained a better understanding on the mechanistic insights into the electroosmosis phenomena and its role on flux during iontophoresis.

• 멤브레인
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2004

막을 이용한 증기투과는 유기용제 및 휘발성 유기화합물의 제거와 관련되는 환경문제와 결부되어 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 막을 이용한 휘발성 유기화합물 증기의 분리는 막 재질은 높은 온도에도 견딜 수 있어야 하고 증기에 대한 화학적 저항성도 매우 좋아야 한다. 증기투과에 가장 널리 쓰이고 있는 PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)의 단점을 보완하기 위해 본 연구에서는 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), PDMS 소프트 세그먼트를 기초로 한 polyurethane-polysiloxanes (PU/PDMS)를 합성하고 그들의 증기투과 특성을 연구하였다 각 Feed에 대한 팽윤도는 톨루엔 > 1,2-이염화에탄 > 헥산 순으로 나타났다. Feed의 농도가 증가할수록 톨루엔과 1,2-이염화에탄의 flux는 점차 증가하는 경향을 나타내었지만, 헥산은 feed의 농도가 증가하여도 flux의 변화가 나타나지 않았다. PU/PDMS 막은 VOCs와 상대적으로 높은 친화도를 가지고 있기 때문에 permeate에서의 농도는 50% 전후로 일정하게 나타났다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권3호spc1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1995

Ethinylestradiol (EE)-containing matrix was fabricated with ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA) copolymer to control the release of the drug, Effect of addition of PEG 400 as receptor solution, the stripping of skin and Azone pretreatment on skin on the permeation of EE through the excised mouse skin was also studied. The permeation rate of EE through the excised mouse skin was affected by the PEG 400 volume fraction. The Azone pretreatment on skin didn't affect on the steady state flux, however, the lag time was shortened. The permeation rate of EE through the stripped skin was much larger than that through the whole skin. It showed that the stratum corneum acts as a barrier of skin permeation. The fact that there is little difference in EE permeation between the intact skin and the stripped skin with EVA membrane shows the permeation of EE through the mouse skin is mainly controlled by the membrane.