• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.117-128
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• 2004

Objectives : To examine the effects of Gojineumja on white rats which deteriorated immunity caused by Methotrexate(MTX), first of all, MTX was fed to the rats once a day for 4 day. Methods : After the immune response of the rats are deteriorated, dried extracts of Gojineumja(GJE) mixed in water was fed to the white rats once a day for l4days. The next conclusion was made by examining the rates of B-cells and T-cells of the peripheral blood and the changes in rates of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T -cells of the blood sampled from the spleen and peripheral region. Especially the count of CD3+ CD4+ T-cells of the peripheral blood and the count of CD3+ CD4+ T-cells of the spleen the count of CD4+/ CD8+ T-cell of the peripheral blood and the spleen proved the significant effect of increasing immune responses statistically. Results :(1) The following are the summary of the results. (2) The percentage of B lymphocyte of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (3) The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ T-cell of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (4) The percentage of CD3+ CD8+ T-cell of peripheral blood was not different statistically. (5) The percentage of CD4+/ CD8+ T-cell of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (6) The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ T-cell of spleen was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (7) The percentage of CD3+ CD8+ T-cell was not different statistically. (8) The percentage of CD4+ /CD8+ T-cell was not different statistically. Conclusions : Gojineumja has an effect of increasing immune responses on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by MTX.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2008

Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and a short-acting general anaesthetic agent for human and veterinary use. We previously reported that treatment with ketamine impairs oxidative burst activity of canine peripheral blood leukocytes. In this study, the effect of ketamine on phagocytic capacity of canine peripheral blood leukocytes was examined in vitro. Phagocytic capacity was analyzed by using a flow cytometry. Ketamine directly decreased the phagocytic capacity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes but not total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In addition, the phagocytic capacity of PMN and monocytes was inhibited by the ketamine-treated PBMC but not PMN culture supernatant. These results suggest that ketamine has a direct inhibitory effect on the phagocytic capacity of canine peripheral blood phagocytes and involves the production of soluble factor(s) from canine PBMC, which may suppress the phagocytic capacity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2012

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been used as a major treatment strategy for hematological malignancies. The number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product is a very important factor for achieving successful transplantation. We studied the factors that can predict the number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients after mobilizing them with chemotherapy plus G-CSF. A total of 73 patients (AML 19 patients, MM 28 patients, NHL 26 patients) with hematological malignancies had been mobilized with chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor from April, 2000 to February, 2012. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SPSS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1: CD34 cell counts < $2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=16); group 2: $2{\times}10^6/kg{\leq}CD34$ cell counts < $6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=32); group 3: CD34 cell counts ${\geq}6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=25). We analyzed the clinical characteristics, the peripheral blood (PB) parameters and the number of CD34 positive cells in the PB and their correlation with the yield of CD34 positive cells collected from the mobilized patients. The total number of leukapheresis sessions was 263 (mean: 3.55 session per patient), and the mean number of harvested CD34 positive cells per patient was $7.37{\times}10^6/kg$. The number of CD34 positive cells in product was significantly correlated with the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood (P<0.05). The number of PB CD34 positive cells was the best significant factor for the quantity of harvested CD34 positive cells on the linear regression analysis (P<0.05). Many factors could influence the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells. Platelet count and PB CD34 positive cells count were the two variables which remained to be significant in multivariate analysis. Therefore, the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for successful peripheral blood stem cell collection.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

Purpose: There are some reports presenting that peripheral blood contain circulating hematopoietic cells as well as, in significantly smaller quantities, mesenchymal stem cells. The purposes of this study is to isolate and characterize circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells with osteogenic potential from human peripheral blood. Methods: Human buffycoat containing mononuclear cells was harvested from peripheral blood of normal persons and isolated using a density gradient centrifugation and serially subcultured in osteogenic media for 1-4 weeks. The proliferation capability, phase-contrast microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, immunophenotype FACS analysis, Alizarin red staining and RT-PCR assays for osteogenic differentiation potential were performed. Results: The phenotype of cultured cells changed from small round or cuboidal cells at passage 1 into large spindle-shaped fibroblastic morphology cells at passage 4. Surface marker expressed CD14, but did not express CD34, CD80, CD83. Strong positive staining was observed for Alizarin reds in osteogenic medium on day 14, Using RT-PCR, the mRNA levels of bone- specific genes, such as ALP, c-bfa-1 and osteocalcin were detected. Conclusion: A new subset of peripheral blood derived progenitor cells described here has the ability to proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic cell lineages in vitro, and to be candidate for regenerative therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.195-199
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• 2018

Zinc is necessary for normal functions in the immune system. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of zinc on the chemotactic activity of porcine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). A modified Boyden chamber was used to determine the directional migration distance of PMNs. Various concentrations of zinc showed no chemotactic activity to PMNs. However, culture supernatant from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with zinc remarkably increased the chemotactic activity of PMNs when compared with culture supernatant from PBMCs treated without zinc. Culture supernatant from PBMCs treated without zinc also increased the migration distance of PMNs relative to vehicle control (medium alone). Increasing effect in chemotactic activity of PMNs by culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with zinc was inhibited by treatment of porcine anti-interleukin (IL)-8 polyclonal antibody (pAb). This effect was not affected by heat treatment ($4-85^{\circ}C$). This corresponded with heat stable physical characteristics of IL-8. These results suggest that zinc can upregulate the chemotaxis of PMNs, which is primary mediated by IL-8 chemotactic factor released from PBMCs treated with zinc.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2016

Endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis is associated with increasing oxidative stress that could be reversed by antioxidant. Therefore epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and catechin (C) of tea flavonoids were investigated for their roles in regenerating endothelial cell. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNCs) were isolated, plated and cultured in medium with/without treatment of EGCG, ECG, EGC and C. Results showed that among all EGCG, ECG, EGC and C concentrations tested, $12.5{\mu}mol/L$ was not cytotoxic for peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (PB-EPCs). Treatment of EGCG, ECG, EGC or C increased the percentages of CD34, CD133, VEGFR-2 expressions and suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced percentages of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in PB-EPCs. Taken together, our current results showed that EGCG, ECG, EGC or C of tea flavonoids could induce differentiation of PB-MNCs into PB-EPCs as well as protect PB-EPCs from oxidative damage by suppresing the intracellular ROS levels.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.393-399
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• 2006

Ketamine, one of general anesthetics for human and veterinary use, is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist which interferes with the action of excitatory amino acids. It has been reported to impair various leukocyte functions. In this study, the effect of ketamine on the oxidative burst activity (OBA) of canine peripheral blood leukocytes was examined. The OBA of canine peripheral blood phagocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry system. Ketamine at higher concentration such as $1,000{\mu}M$ exhibited a low viability of leukocytes. Thus, ketamine was used at concentration of 10 to $500{\mu}M$ showing no cytotoxic effect and high cell viability. The OBA of leukocytes in the presence or absence of latex beads was analyzed by addition of dihydrorhodamine 123. The direct treatment of ketamine revealed the inhibitory effect on the OBA of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocyte-rich cells but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence of latex beads. However, when latex beads were not added to PMN, its OBA was not inhibited by ketamine. The OBA of PMN and monocyte-rich cells but not PBMC in the presence of latex beads was also inhibited by culture supernatant from ketamine-treated- PBMC but not -PMN. But the OBA of PMN in the absence of latex beads was not inhibited by culture supernatant from PBMC treated with ketamine. Therefore, these results suggested that ketamine has the inhibitory effect on the OBA of canine peripheral blood phagocytes such as neutrophils and monocytes during phagocytic response.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

1,2-benzopyrone has been shown to affect on the activation and stimulation of macrophage. To examine the immunostimulating effect of 1,2-benzopyrone on the phagocytic response of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), the phagocytic activity of phagocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry system using FITC-labelled latex. The 1,2-benzopyrone did not show any direct effect on phagocytic response of PBMC and PMN. But it showed an enhanced effect on the phagocytic response of monocyte-rich cells fractioned by cell size from dot plot profile in flowcytometric cytography of PBMC. The phagocytic activity of these cells was also enhanced by addition of culture supernatant from PBMC treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. Similarly, the phagocytic activity of PMN but not PBMC in the same procedures was enhanced by culture supernatant from PBMC treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. However, the culture supernatant from PMN treated with 1.2-benzopyrone did not show the enhancing effect on phagocytic activity for monocyte-rich cells and PMN. These results, therefore, suggested that enhanced phagocytic activity of canine peripheral blood PMN and monocytes may be mainly mediated by humoral factor(S) released from PBMC treated with 1,2-benzopyrone.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.289-295
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• 2014

Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets is a powerful tool for evaluating cellular immunity and monitoring immune-mediated diseases. The numbers and proportions of blood lymphocyte subsets are influenced by factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, and lifestyle. This study aimed to establish reference ranges for peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in a healthy Korean population. Blood samples from 294 healthy adults were collected. Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using a single-platform method with a flow cytometer; white blood cells and lymphocytes were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. The mean value of the white blood cell count was $5,665cells/{\mu}l$, and the mean values of the subtype counts (percentages) were as follows: lymphocytes, $1,928cells/{\mu}l$ (35.08%); $CD3^+$ cells, $1,305cells/{\mu}l$ (67.53%); $CD3^+CD4^+$ cells, $787cells/{\mu}l$ (40.55%); $CD3^+CD8^+$ cells, $479cells/{\mu}l$ (25.23%); $CD3^-CD19^+$ cells, $203cells/{\mu}l$ (10.43%); and $CD3^-CD56^+$ cells, $300cells/{\mu}l$ (15.63%). Additionally, the $CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio was 1.81. In this study, gender and age significantly influenced blood lymphocyte subsets. Our results demonstrate that, as with other populations, a healthy Korean population has its own, region-specific, lymphocyte subset reference ranges.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.823-830
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• 1995

Background: It has been found that Helper T cells in the peripheral blood are decreased in the cell mediated immunity in the pulmonary tuberculosis. But it has not been confirmed yet that only decrease in number of cells which has phenotype in the peripheral blood is defined to decrease in cell mediated immunity. The immunocytochemical study was performed to observe the change of the percentage of T-lymphocytes with their subsets and activated T cells in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis and to know how many T cells would be activated, relative to resting cells in the peripheral blood. Methods: The peripheral blood obtained from twenty two patients and ten healthy controls were smeared on the gelatin coated slide glass prepared for of mononuclear cells. The double bridge technique of alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase(APAAP) method was used. As the primary antibodies, $T_1$(anti-human T cell), $T_4$(anti-human helper/inducer T cells) and $T_8$(anti-human supressor/cytotoxic T cell) antibodies and interleukin-2 receptor (for early activated T cell), very late activation antigen (for activated cytotoxic T cell), T cell lineage specific activation antigen monoclonal actibodies were used. Results: 1) There were significantly decrease in the absolute number of $T_4$(+) cells but significantly increase of $T_8$(+) cells in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis (p<0.05). 2) The percentage of $T_4$(+) cells showed significantly decrease in pulmonary tuberculosis but $T_8$(+)cells significantly increase(p<0.05). $T_4(+)/T_8(+)$ ratio showed significantly decrease in the peripheral blood of the pulmonary tuberculosis(p<0.05). 3) There were significantly increase in the absolute number of variable stages of activated T cells in the peripheral blood of the pulmonary tuberculosis(p<0.05). 4) The percentage of IL-2R, VLA-1, TLiSA were 6.45+1.56%, $7.64+1.34^*$, 10.45+1.16% in order which showed significantly increase in the peripheral blood of the pulmonary tuberculosis(p<0.05). Conclusion: We speculate that only a few percentage of T lymphocyte is activated in cell mediated immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis.