• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.262-268
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• 2013

The use of dental implants has become a mainstay of rehabilitative and restorative dentistry. With an impressive clinical success rate, there remain a few minor clinical issues with the use of implants such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. The use of laser technology with implants has a fascinating breadth of applications, beginning from their precision manufacturing to clinical uses for surgical site preparation, reducing pain and inflammation, and promoting osseointegration and tissue regeneration. This latter aspect is the focus of this review, which outlines various studies of implants and laser therapy in animal models. The use of low level light therapy or photobiomodulation has demonstrated its efficacy in these studies. Besides more research studies to understand its molecular mechanisms, significant efforts are needed to standardize the clinical dosing and delivery protocols for laser therapy to ensure the maximal efficacy and safety of this potent clinical tool for photobiomodulation.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.679-687
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• 2011

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is the application of light to pathology to promote tissue regeneration, reduce inflammation, and relieve pain. LLLT has a photochemical effect whereby the light is absorbed and exerts a chemical change. The clinical applications of LLLT include improvement in wound and bone healing processes, control of pain and tooth hypersensitivity, modulation of periodontal inflammation, the prevention and treatment of cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis, management of burning mouth syndrome, and improvement in temporomandibular disorder symptoms. Further research is needed to better elucidate the cellular mechanisms of LLLT and provide a solid scientific basis for the clinical application of LLLT in dentistry.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.193-207
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of guided tissue regeneration(GTR) using a resorbable barrier manufactured from an copolymer of polylactic acid (PLA) and polylaetic-glycolic acid(PLGA) with those of nonresorbable ePTFE barrier. Thirty two patients(25 to 59 years old) with one radiographically evident intrabony lesion of probing depth ${\geq}$6mm participated in a 6-month controlled clinical trial. The subjects were randomly divided into three independent groups. The first group(n=8) received a ePTFE barrier. The second group (n=12) received a resorbable PLA/PLGA barrier. The third group (n=12) received a resorbable PLA/PLGA barrier combined with an alloplastic bone graft. Plaque index (PI), gingival index(GI), probing depth(PD), gingival recession, clinical attachment level(CAL), and tooth mobility were recorded prior to surgery and at 3, 6 months postsurgery, Statistical tests used to analyze these data included independent t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. Probing depth was significantly reduced in all groups at 3, 6 months postsurgery and there were not significant differences between groups. 2. Clinical attachment level was significantly increased in all groups at 3, 6 months postsurgery and there were not significant differences between groups. 3. There were not significant differences in probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, tooth mobility between second group (PLA/PLGA barrier) and third group (PLA/PLGA barrier combined with alloplastic bone graft) 4. Tooth mobility was not significantly increased in all groups at 3, 6 months postsurgery and there were not significant differences between groups. In conclusion, PLA/PLGA resorbable barrier has similar clinical potential to eP'IFE barrier in GTR procedure of intrabony pockets under the present protocol.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 1996

This study was performed to observe the bacterial adhesion and penetration to e-PTFE membrane following guided tissue regeneration(GTR) procedure and to evaluate the association of the membrane exposure and bacterial contamination with the clinical outcome. For the study, ten infrabony defects in 9 patient were treated by mucoperiosteal flap operation including placement of the e-PTFE membrane. The treated teeth were monitored weekly for the membrane exposure, gingival recession and gingival inflammation. The membranes were retrieved after 4 to 6 weeks, examined by SEM for bacterial contamination and adherent connective tisue elements, and observed under LM for the bacterial penetration into membrane. Three months postsurgery, the defect sites were clinically reexamined for the changes in attachment level and probing depth. Comparison of the ultrastuctural findings and clinical outcome revealed that extent of membrane exposure and bacterial contamination of the membrane was inversely associated with clinical attachment gain. From this finding, the extent of membrane exposure and the bacterial contamination on the apical portion of the e-PTFE membrane at the time of removal seemed to be a critical determinant on the clinical outcome of GTR and the membrane exposure needs to be controlled for optimal results.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 1996

The aim of the present investigation was to see the effect of combined use of PDGF BB and IGF -1 on the guided tissue regeneration(GTR) using barrier membrane in the treatment of human furcation involvement. Twelve patients with initially diagnosed as having moderate to advanced adult periodontitis with mandibular class II buccal furcation defects have been wer selected. Initial scaling and root planing has been performed and baseline data consisting of probing depths and attachment levels have been recorded prior to surgical procedures. The GTR procedures using either barrier membrane(control : ePTFE) alone or together with the application of PDGF - BB and IGF -l(experimental : ePTFE+PDGF/IGF) have been done under the routine guidelines. During the surgery, the distance from CEJ either to the bottom of the bone defects(CEJ - BD) or to the bone crest(CEJ-BC) were measured. Horizontal distance to the deepest area in the furcal defects were measured from the reference line connection the most prominent bony walls of the two buccal roots. 6 months following the GTR therapy, all the measurements were made repeatedly. The probing attachment gain of the experimental and the control grous were 2.14mm and l.07mm, respectively with no statically significnant difference. Amont of vertical bone fill in the experimental and the control groups were 2.43mm and 2.29mm, rexpectively. Amonut of horizontal bone fill were 2.86mm in the experimental group and 2.17mm in the control group, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the amount of bone fill(both vertical and horizontal)between the two groups.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.703-718
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of guided tissue regeneration(GTR) technique using chitosan nanofiber membrane and to compare it to the clinical efficacy following GTR using PLA/PLGA(copolymer of polvlactic acid and polylacticglycolic acid) membrane in mandibular class II furcation defects in human. The chitosan nanofiber membranes were applied to the mandibular class II furcation defects of 13 patients(test group) and PLA/PLGA membranes were applied to those of 11 patients(control group). Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, plaque index and gingival index were measured at baseline and 3 months postoperatively. Vertical and horizontal furcation defect depth were measured at surgery. Both groups were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test and Mann-Whitney Test using SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and gingival index were significantly reduced at 3 months postoperatively compared to values of baseline in both groups(p<0.05). 2. Gingival recession and plaque index were not significantly decreased at 3 months postoperatively compared to values of baseline in both groups. 3. No significant difference between two groups could be detected with regard to changes of probing pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, plaque index and gingival index at 3 months postoperatively. In conclusion, chitosan nanofiber membrane is effective in the treatment of human mandibular class II furcation defects and a longer period study is needed to fully evaluate the outcomes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.605-624
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• 1996

Various bonegraft materials and the technique of guided tissue regeneration have been used to regenerate lost periodontal tissue. Calcium sulfate has been known as a bone graft material because of good biocompatibility, rapid resorption and effective osteoinduction. It has been known that calcium sulfate works as a binder to stabilize the defect when it is used with synthetic graft materials. The effects on the regeneration of pericxiontal tissue were studied in dogs after grafting 3-wall intrabony defects with calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate and covering with calcium sulfate barrier. The 3-wall intrabony defectstdmm width, 4mm depth, 4mm length) were created in anterior area and treated with flap operation alone(contol group), with porous resorbable calcium carbonate graft alonetexperirnental group 1), with calcium sulfate graft alonetexperimental group 2) and with composite graft of 80% calcium carbonate and 20% calcium sulfate with calcium sulfate barriertexperimental group 3). Healing responses were histologically observed after 8 weeks and the results were as follows: 1. The alveolar bone formation was $0.59{\pm}0.19mm$ in the control group, $1.80{\pm}0.25mm$ in experimental group 1, $1.61{\pm}0.21mm$ in experimental group 2 and $1.94{\pm}0.11mm$ in experimental group 3 with statistically significant differences between control group and all experimental groups(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between experimental group 1 and group 2 (P<0.05). 2. The new cementum formation was $0.48{\pm}0.19mm$ in the control group. $1.72{\pm}0.26mm$ in experimental group 1, $1.43{\pm}0.17mm$ in experimental group 2, $1.89{\pm}0.15mm$ in experimental group 3 with statiscally significant differences between control group and all experimental groups (p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between experimental group 1 and group 2, and between experimental group 2 and group 3(P<0.05). 3. The length of junctional epithelium was $1.61{\pm}0.20mm$ in the contol group, $0.95{\pm}0.06mm$ in experimental group 1, $1.34{\pm}0.16mm$ in experimental group 2, $1.08{\pm}0.11mm$ in experimental group 3 with statiscally significant differences between control group and experimental group 1. and btween control group and experimental group 3(p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between experimental group 1 ,and group 2, and between experimental group 2 and group 3(P<0.05). 4. The connective tissue adhesion was $1.67{\pm}O.20mm$ in the control group, $1.33{\pm}0.24mm$ in experimental group 1. $1.23{\pm}0.16mm$ in experimental group 2, $1.08{\pm}0.14mm$ in experimental group 3 with statistically significant differences between control group and all experimental groups(p<0.05). There were nostatistically significant differences between all experimental groups. As a result, epithelial migration was not prevented when calcium sulfate was used alone, but new bone and cementum formation were enhanced. Epithelial migration was prevented and new bone and cementum formation were also enhanced when calcium carbonate was used alone and when both calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate were used.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2003

Several growth factors and polypeptides are not commonly yet used for regenerators of bone tissue or alveolar bone because of the insufficiency of studies on their side effects, genetic engineering for mass production and stability for clinical application. Recently, many herbal medicines, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, antiinflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Morindae Radix, Cibotium Barometz (L.), Albizziae Cortex, Cistandhis Herba have been traditionally used as medicines for treatment of bone disease in Eastern medicine. The objective of the present study is to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human fetal osteoblast (hFOB1) when several natural medicines were supplemented. hFOB1 were cultured with Dulbecuo's Modified Eagle's Medium Nutrient Mixture F-12 HAM ( DMEM/F-12 1:1 Mixture, Sigma, USA) and negative control, dexamethasone (positive control), and each natural medicines for 3 days. And then ALP activity was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and Alizarin red S staining for morphometry. Among the natural medicines of this study, Morindae Radix, Cibotium Barometz (L.) and Cistanchis Herba induced higher activity of ALP synthesis than negative controls in all experimental group. Albizziae Cortex showed mild increases than negative control group. According to measurement of positively stained area, all of the natural medicines of this study increased compared to negative control. Especially, Cibotium Barometz (L.) and Cistanchis Herba showed statistical significance compared to negative control (p<0.05). These results indicate that Morindae Radix, Cibotium Barometz (L.), Albizziae Cortex, Cistandhis Herba have an inducing ability of ALP synthesis on osteoblast.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 2023

Purpose : Although human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are a supportive factor for tissue engineering, oxidative stress during cell culture and transplantation has been shown to affect stem cell viability and mortality, leading to failed regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effects against cell damage of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, and the antioxidant signal of hPDLSCs in H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Methods : To induce oxidative stress in cultured hPDLSCs, H₂O₂ was used as an exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dose-dependent celecoxib (.1, 1, 10, or 100 µM) was administered after H₂O₂ treatment. WST-1 assay was used to assess cell damage and western blot was used to observe antioxidant activity of hPDLSCs in oxidative stress. Immunohistochemistry was performed for inverting the localization of the SOD and Nrf2 antibody. Results : We found that progressive cell death was induced in hPDLSCs by H₂O₂ treatment. However, low-dose celecoxib reduced H₂O₂-induced cellular damage and eventually enhanced the SOD activity and Nrf2 signal of hPDLSCs. Oxidative stress-induced morphological change in hPDLSCs included lowered the survival and number of spindle-shaped cells, and shrinkage and shortening of cell fibers. Notably, celecoxib promoted cell survival function and activated antioxidants such as SOD and Nrf2 by positively regulating the cell survival signal pathway, and also reduced the number of morphological changes in hPDLS. Immunohistochemistry results showed a greater number of SOD- and Nrf2-stained cells in the celecoxib-treated group following oxidative stress. Conclusion : By increasing SOD and Nrf2 expression at the antioxidant system, the findings suggest that celecoxib enhanced the antioxidative ability of hPDLSCs and protected cell viability against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress by increasing SOD and Nrf2 expression in the antioxidant system.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.73-91
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• 2001

The present study was performed to compare effects of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDBA) with deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM) on periodontal fenestration defect in rats. Twelve adult male rats weighing 500 to 540 grams were used in this study. Periodontal fenestration defects were surgically created with tapered fissure bur(${\Phi}1mm$) at the left side of buccal surface of the mandible. The defect size was from anterior border of the first molar to anterior of the ascending ramus mesiodistally and from just below the alveolar crest to apically 1.5-2mm area apicocoronally with 2mm in depth. Rats were divided into control group, test group I and II. Four defects were assigned to the test group I grafted with DBBM and other 4 defects were assigned to the test group II grafted with DFDBA. The rest of defects were the negative control group. At 10 days and 35 days after surgery, 12 rats were sacrificed through intracardiac perfusion and specimens were obtained prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the control group, new bone, osteoid, dense connective tissue were observed in the defects at 10 days. new bone formation was not found but loose connective tissue was formed in the defect and fibrous encapsulation of graft materials was shown in two test groups at 10 days. 2. In all groups, new bone formation was shown in the defect at 35 days. And in the control group, bone formation increased at 35 days than at 10 days. 3. In the test group I and II at 35 days, graft materials were combined with new bone and joined host bone. There was very close contact between new bone, graft materials, and host bone with no gaps. 4. In the test group I and II, new bone formation was similar to that in the control group but not exeeded. In conclusion, in the test group I new bone formation was similar to that in the test group II at 35 days, but there was infiltration of inflammatory cells at 10 days. DFDBA and DBBM were considered as the biocompatible graft materials and effective in the regeneration of new bone.