• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.283-295
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• 2022

Seismic design codes permit the use of Equivalent Static Analysis of buildings considering torsional eccentricity e with dynamic amplification factors on structural eccentricity and some accidental eccentricity. Estimation of e in buildings is not addressed in codes. This paper presents a simple approximate method to estimate e in RC Moment Frame and RC Structural Wall buildings, which required no detailed structural analysis. The method is validated by 3D analysis (using commercial structural analysis software) of a spectrum of building. Results show that dynamic amplification factor should be applied on torsional eccentricity when performing Response Spectrum Analysis also. Also, irregular or mixed modes of oscillation arise in torsionally unsymmetrical buildings owing to poor geometric distribution of mass and stiffness in plan, which is captured by the mass participation ratio. These irregular modes can be avoided in buildings of any plan geometry by limiting the two critical parameters (normalised torsional eccentricity e/B and Natural Period Ratio 𝜏 =T_𝜃/T, where B is building lateral dimension, T_𝜃 uncoupled torsional natural period and T uncoupled translational natural period). Suggestions are made for new building code provisions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modified fasting therapy on the changes of body compositions. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 33 patients, who carried out modified fasting therapy at Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University from January 1st, 2011 to December 30th, 2015. They went through reducing food intakes period (7 days), fasting period (14 days) and refeeding period (14 days). Body compositions (weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area) were reviewed at each state. And then the data was analyzed. Results: The body composition values (weight, body mass index [BMI], skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area) decreased during the fasting therapy period, as a whole. The weight, BMI, percent body fat and visceral fat area decreased during the reducing food intakes period, the fasting period and the refeeding period. The skeletal muscle mass and basal metabolic rate significantly decreased during the reducing food intakes period and the fasting period, and insignificantly increased during the refeeding period. Conclusions: Results from this investigation showed that modified fasting therapy using fermented herbal medicine have positive effects on changes of body compositions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.252-252
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• 2011

Rainfall-runoff models are calibrated and validated by using a same data set such as observations. The past climate change effects the present rainfall pattern and also will effect on the future. To predict rainfall-runoff more preciously we have to consider the climate change pattern in the past, present and the future time. Thus, in this study, the climate change represents changes in mean precipitation and standard deviation in different patterns. In some river basins, there is no enough length of data for the analysis. Therefore, we have to generate the synthetic data using proper distribution for calculation of precipitation based on the observed data. In this study, Kajiyama model is used to analyze the runoff in the dry and the wet period, separately. Mean and standard deviation are used for generating precipitation from the gamma distribution. Twenty hypothetical scenarios are considered to show the climate change conditions. The mean precipitation are changed by -20%, -10%, 0%, +10% and +20% for the data generation with keeping the standard deviation constant in the wet and the dry period respectively. Similarly, the standard deviations of precipitation are changed by -20%, -10%, 0%, +10% and +20% keeping the mean value of precipitation constant for the wet and the dry period sequentially. In the wet period, when the standard deviation value varies then the mean NSE ratio is more fluctuate rather than the dry period. On the other hand, the mean NSE ratio in some extent is more fluctuate in the wet period and sometimes in the dry period, if the mean value of precipitation varies while keeping the standard deviation constant.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Structures of high-rise buildings are less prone to earthquake damage. This is because the response acceleration of high-rise buildings appears to be small by generally occurring short-period ground motions. However, due to the increased construction volume of high-rise buildings and concerns about large earthquakes, long-period ground motions have begun to be recognized as a risk factor for high-rise buildings. Ground motion observed on each floor of the building is affected by the eigenmode of the building because the ground motion input to the building is amplified in the frequency range corresponding to the building's natural frequency. In addition, long-period components of ground motion are more easily transmitted to the floor or attached components of the building than short-period components. As such, high-rise buildings and non-structural components pose concerns about long-period ground motion. However, the criteria (ASCE 7-22) underestimate the acceleration response of buildings and non-structural components caused by long-period ground motion. Therefore, the characteristics of buildings' acceleration response amplification ratio and non-structural components were reviewed in this study through shake table tests considering long-period ground motions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.351-358
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• 2012

Formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) including trihalomethans (THM), haloacetic acid (HAA) and haloacetonitriles (HAN) from chlorination of extracellular organic matter (EOM) and cells + intracellular organic matter (IOM) of Microcystis sp., a blue-green algae, during decomposed period was investigated. Microcystis sp. cells + IOM and EOM of Microcystis sp. exhibited a high potential for DBP formation. HAAFP (formation potential) was higher than THMFP during decomposed period. In the variations of HAAFP species during decomposed period, the ratio of di-HAAFP species was gradually decreased and the ratio of tri-HAAFP species was gradually increased in the case of EOM during decomposed period, while the opposite result was in the case of cells + IOM during decomposed period. In the variations of HANFP species during decomposed period, the ratio of di-HANFP species was much higher than the ratio of tri-HAAFP species.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.353-361
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze how Corporate Real Estate Ratio affects Firm's Value for KOSPI Companies and KOSDAQ Companies. The period of analysis is the period of the Financial Crisis (2007-2008), the period immediately after the Financial Crisis (2009-2011), and the period following the introduction of IFRS (2012-2016). The samples of 2761 KOSPI Companies years and 3719 KOSDAQ Companies years are used in this study. The result of Regression Analysis shows that the higher Corporate Real Estate Ratio is, the more negative Firm's Value is. In the comparison of markets, both KOSPI Companies and KOSDAQ Companies had no statistically significant effects during the Financial Crisis. Although KOSDAQ Companies had a greater negative effect on the Firm's Value than KOSPI Companies right after the Financial Crisis, KOSPI Companies have had a greater negative influence on the Firm's Value than KOSDAQ Companies since the introduction of IFRS. Therefore, each corporation should pay more attention to identifying the appropriate amount of their Corporate Real Estate Ratio and should continue to analyze and make decisions on the most efficient use of real estate which is owned by each company. This study shows speciality in dividing into three period, such as the period of the Financial Crisis, the period immediately after the Financial Crisis, and the period following the introduction of IFRS and comparing the degree of influence on the KOSPI Companies and KOSDAQ Companies for the each period. I hope to study the factors that affect the company's real estate policy.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of modified fasting therapy using fermented herbal medicine on the changes of body compositions. Methods : This study was carried out on 11 patients who carried out modified fasting therapy using fermented herbal medicine. They went through reducing food intakes period(7 days), fasting period(10~14 days) and refeeding period(10~14 days). Body compositions(weight, BMI(body mass index), skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, percent body fat, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area) were measured at each state. And then the data was analyzed. Results : 1. The weight and BMI decreased during the reducing food intakes period and the fasting period, and increased during the refeeding period. But the weight and BMI decreased during the fasting therapy period, as a whole. 2. The skeletal muscle mass decreased during the fasting period and increased during the refeeding period. As the final outcome, for the whole fasting therapy period, decrease of skeletal muscle mass didn't show significance. The body fat mass and percent body fat decreased during the reducing food intakes period, the fasting period and the refeeding period. 3. The basal metabolic rate decreased during the fasting period and increased during the refeeding period. As the final outcome, for the whole fasting therapy period, decrease of basal metabolic rate didn't show significance. 4. The waist-hip ratio decreased during the fasting period and the refeeding period. The visceral fat area decreased during the fasting period and refeeding period. Conclusions : Results from this investigation showed that modified fasting therapy using fermented herbal medicine have positive effects on changes of body compositions. This results are expected to compensate the defects of existing fasting therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate growth characteristics of irrigation period of greenary mats focused on management as a material to apply on rooftop. Using Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum takesimense, Sedum reflexum, Sedum album and Sedum burrito greenary mats were made. The irrigation periods were every 3 days, 7 days, and 10 days after made each greenary mats.1. All treatments on survival ratio of 5 Sedum species were over 96%. Especially, new individuals were emerged from naturally detached leaves. 2. Growth of S. kamtschaticum, S. takesimense, S. reflexum were good on 7 day irrigation treatment. 3. The highest covering ratio of S. burrito was 3 day irrigation treatment, and the hightest of the others were 7 day irrigation treatment. Considerations for species selection, mixture, ratio and management were obtained from this study.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2010

The study is aimed to obtain the basic data for developing new variations of wild spring orchid. The results was investigated the capsules' formational characteristics and the germination ratio after having been self-pollinated by dividing the flowering period into the 5 stages into budding time, semi-flowering, full-flowering, 10 days after flowering, and 20 days after flowering. The fruit setting ratio was the highest as 100% in the plant which had been pollinated 20 days after the flowering, while the weight of the capsule was heaviest in the orchid which had been pollinated in semi-flowering period. As the result of investigating the germination ratio by dividing the period into 5 stages, it was the highest in the plant which had been pollinated during the semi-flowering period, and in the result of investigating the germination ratio by dividing the seeds harvesting days into the 3 stages, such as, 150 days, 165 days and 180 days after the pollination, it was highest as 5% in the orchid whose seeds had been harvested 150 days after the pollination. In the result of examining the germination ratio of the seeds treated with NaOCl, the those treated with 2% of NaOCl showed the highest as 67% in the germination ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.178-185
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• 1999

In tool condition monitoring systems, parameters should be set to a certain threshold. In many cases, however, the threshold is dependent on cutting conditions, especially the radial immersion ratio. In this presented is a method of on-line estimation of the radial immersion ratio in face milling. When a tooth finishes sweeping, a sudden drop of cutting force occurs. The force drop is equal to the cutting force that acting on a tooth at the swept angle of cut and can be acquired from cutting force signals in feed and cross-feed directions. Average cutting force per tooth period can also be calculated from cutting force signals in two directions. The ratio to cutting forces in two directions acting on a tooth at a certain swept angle of cut and the ratio of average cutting forces in two directions per tooth period are functions of the swept angle of cut and the ratio of radial to tangential cutting forces. Using these parameters, the radial immersion ratio is estimated. Various experiments are performed to verify the proposed method. The results show that the radial immersion ratio can be estimated by this method regardless of other cutting conditions.