• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding ammoniated wheat straw treated with HCl on blood biochemical profiles in growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Twenty-four growing male buffalo calves (one year of age, 88.54${\pm}$3.81 kg average body weight) were divided into three groups in a completely randomized design on the basis of their body weight. Animals in all the three groups were fed on concentrate mixture. In addition, they were offered wheat straw, ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level) and HCI treated ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level and HCl added to trap 30% of the NH3 evolved) in groups I, II and III, respectively for a period of 180 days, as per Kearl (1982) for body weight gain of 500 g/d. In all diets, concentrate:roughage ratio was fixed at 50:50 and were made isonitrogenous by adjusting CP levels of conc. mixtures. Blood was collected from jugular vein of each buffalo calf at the beginning and subsequently at two months interval of experimental feeding. Due to urea-ammoniation, the CP content of wheat straw increased from 2.90 to 6.96% and addition of HCl along with urea further increased the CP content to 10.09%. In all the three groups, the mean values of plasma glucose (mg %) and serum globulin (g %), showed a decreasing trend, while the mean value of serum TP (g %), serum A:G ratio, serum urea (mg %), serum creatinine (mg %), serum ALP (KA units), SGOT (units/ml.), SGPT (units/ml), serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ (ng/ml) showed an increasing trend with the advancement of feeding period. The cumulative period mean values of serum TP (6.15 to 6.20 g %), serum albumin (3.07 to 3.18, g %), serum globulin (2.98 to 3.09, g %), serum A:G ratio (1.03 to 1.10), serum ALP (23.15 to 23.63, KA units), serum T$_3$ (1.20 to 1.23 ng/ml) and serum T$_4$ (21.33 to 21.88 ng/ml) were comparable among the groups. The cumulative period mean plasma glucose (mg %) in group III (57.28) was similar to groups I (55.31) and II (59.41), however, the cumulative period mean plasma glucose in group II was significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum urea (mg %) in group III (47.34) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than group I (38.38) and II (42.24), which were statistically alike. However, the cumulative period mean serum creatinine values (mg %) in groups II (1.43) and III (1.52) were similar and were significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I (1.24). The cumulative period mean SGOT (units/ml) in groups I, II and III was 91.71, 96.04 and 96.64, respectively. Similarly the cumulative period mean SGPT (units/ml) was 19.00, 19.93 and 20.01 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The cumulative period mean values of SGOT (p<0.05) and SGPT (p<0.001) in groups II and III were similar and were significantly higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ values in groups I (1.21 and 21.81), II (1.23 and 21.42) and III (1.20 and 21.33) were comparable. From the present study it may be concluded that feeding of AWS treated with and without HCI to growing male buffalo calves for 180 days had no significant adverse effect on blood biochemical profile.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2016

Along the subduction-zone of the western Japanese islands, large earthquakes are expected occur around the middle of this century, and long-period ground motions will reach major urban areas, shaking high-rise buildings violently. Since some old high-rise buildings were designed without considering long-period ground motions, reinforcing such buildings is an important issue. An effective method to reinforce existing high-rise buildings is installing additional dampers. However, a problem with ordinary dampers is that they require reinforcement of surrounding columns and girders to support large reaction forces generated during earthquake ground motion. To solve this problem, a deformation-dependent oil damper was developed. The most attractive feature of this damper is to reduce the damping force at the moment when the frame deformation comes close to its maximum value. Due to this feature, the reinforcement of columns, girders, and foundations are no longer required. The authors applied seismic retrofitting with a deformation-dependent oil damper to an existing 54-story office building (Shinjuku Center Building) located in Shinjuku ward, Tokyo, in 2009 to suppress vibration under the long period earthquake ground motions. The seismic responses were observed in the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, and it is clarified that the damping ratio was higher and the response lower by 20% as compared to the building without dampers.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.390-399
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• 2011

Generally the life-cycle cost of complex systems composed of several sub systems or equipments such as train, aircraft weapon systems is spent much more during operation and maintenance phase than development phase. The maintenance cost for maintaining the availability and extending the life span of systems comprise a large proportion of systems operation cost. The cycle of preventive maintenance affects operation and maintenance cost a lot. In this study we introduce a way minimizing life-cycle cost of systems by calculating more reliable preventive maintenance period than the results of previous study using systems reliability data considered the reliability and failure effect ratio of sub-systems or components. We can solve the preventive maintenance period problem known as NP-Hard as quick as possible by using modified genetic algorithm than using other models introduced in previous study.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1041-1048
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• 2004

In this study the results of optimal water supply analysis by operating constraints of reservoirs during drought period are as follows. During drought period, water supply reliability is possible about $97\~61{\%}$ by CASE 1-CASE 5. Water supply reliability is possible about $97.3{\%}$ in case of the Andong dam and $87.7{\%}$ in case of the Imha dam by CASE 3. Also, under the constraints of CASE 4, water supply reliability is possible about $87.5{\%}$ in case of the Andong dam and $73.3{\%}$ in case of the Imha dam. The reason what low of available water supply ratio is decreased inflow of Imha dam. When compare standard deviation of average storage with standard deviation of storage, stable storage can be secured during successive drought period. And it also can minimize shortage of water during drought. therefore, it is impossible that reservoir supply sufficient water but change of operating condition is better than pervious on that followed by full reservoir level. It is need that the study for optimal water supply during drought period has to be continued.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 1995

Three Pressure type wave gauges were installed for about 10 days for the analysis of long wave agitations in Mukho Harbor. Helmholtz and second resonant periods of seiche in Mukho Harbor are shown to be approximately 10.0-14.3 and 3.3 minutes from the spectral analysis of measured wave data. Amplification ratio at Helmholtz period reaches about 6.8 and the wave amplitudes in the harbor were in the range of 5-10 cm during the measurement period. Helmholtz and second resonant periods of seiche in Mukho Harbor agree very well with those computed using Jeong dt al. (1993b)'s model. The model gives rise to the first and third resonant peaks at 7.5 and 1.9 minutes, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.352-359
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• 2005

The red ginseng powder was added to Yackwa dough as ratio to 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, respectively to know effect of red ginseng powder on Yackwa quality and preservation. The expansion, color, texture and preference characters were investigated at 0,2 and 4 weeks, respectively. The peroxide and acid value were also measured. The 4% addition increased greatly expansion rate. In color test, L value lowed at addition of red ginseng powder and at long storage period. the b value lowed as the addition was increased, but a value was not affected by the addition of red ginseng powder. In mechanical texture test, addition of red ginseng powder had a tendency to show low cohessivness, springness, gumminess while hardness increased. The springness, brittleness and cohessivness decreased while hardness increased at long storage period. In sensory test, surface color, bitterness and red ginseng flavor were recognized strong by addition of red ginseng powder but oily taste, crispness, softness and overall preference were weak. The surface color and red ginseng flavor were strong at long storage period but sweetness, softness and overall preference decreased, respectively. The peroxide value increased at long storage period and decreased after 6 week. The 2% and 4% addition showed lower peroxide value compared to other treatment. The acid value increased at early storage period, but did not change after 4 weeks.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.65-66
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• 2005

Anaerobic digestion is one of the well-known methods for biological treatment handling of concentrated organic matter such as swine $wastewater.^{1)} The anaerobic digestion can reduce organic loading but also hydrolyze non-biodegradable organic $matter.^{2)}$ The feces from the scrapper-type barn are usually collected to make compost and the urine is discarded with swine-slurry wastewater by ocean-dumping or treated by biological methods. The lagoon, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, SBR, $A^{2}/O$, and UCT have been applied for treating swine $wastewater.^{3)} In this study, as a result of the analysis of swine wastewater, the total and soluble chemical oxygen demand was 130g/L and 60g/L, respectively. And the volatile fatty acid as chemical oxygen demand equivalent was 45g/L, which was 75% of soluble chemical oxygen demand. Before everything else, ammonia nitrogen concentration was 6.5 g/L. From biochemical acidogenic potential test, it was concluded that the enhanced acidification process to manage swine waste should be operated in the ammonia nitrogen concentration of less than 1.2 g/L. In the result of seeding ratio experiments with artificial $wastewater^{4)}, the lag period of acidogens was taken the long time because of the inhibition by the $ammonia^{5)}$, however no difference of period by the seeding ratio was not shown. The Haldane-based biokinetics were also evaluated using a method of fourth order Runge-Kutta $approximation.^{6,7)}$ The nonlinear least squares (NLLS) method with a 95% confidence interval was also used. The ranges of maximum microbial growth rate, ${/mu_{max}}$, and half saturation coefficient, $K_{s}$, for acidogenesis of various seeding ratio with artificial wastewater were 6.1 ~ 12.6 $d^{-1}$ and 45,000 ~ 53,500 mg glucose/L, respectively. Also, the methanogenic microbial yield coefficient, Y, and microbial decay rate coefficient, $k_{d}$, and inhibition substrate concentration, $K_{si}$, for the reactors were determined to be 0.32 ~ 0.465 ${/mu}g$/mg glucose; 0.42 ~ 1.01 $d^{-1}$ and 51,500 ~ 55,600 mg glucose/L, respectively.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 1989

In this experiment, gene action were analyzed for seven silkworm varieties in order to obtain basic information on their genetic improvement by diallel crosses. The results obtained were summarized as follows : In F1 generation, over-dominance was shown by Vr-Wr graphic analysis in four characters such as cocoon length in female, bave weight, cocoon weight and boiling off ratio in both male and female, and partial dominance in four characters such as fifth instar period, cocoon layer weight, cocoon layer ratio and bave length. In F2 generation, the partial dominance in all characters were obtained. Components of genetic variance analyzed for five characters such as fifth instar period, cocoon width, cocoon layer weight, cocoon layer ratio and fibroin contents in F1 generation, and for four characters such as cocoon width, cocoon layer weight, cocoon layer ratio and frbroin contents in F2 generation showed that addition effects were higher than dominant effects.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the adequate storage method that was able to maintain the high quality of rough rice according to storage methods and period. The quality change of the rough rice during the storage period was evaluated by storage method such as cooling bin using winter cold air, ordinary temperature bin, freezing, refrigeration and indoor storage. Moisture content, brown rice whiteness, hardness, crack ratio and germination ratio were measured in this study. Moisture content of rough rice stored in cooling bin using winter cold air and ordinary temperature bin were decreased by 0.07% and 0.42%, respectively, which were lower than the other storage method. The hardness of brown rice increased in order of storage method such as winter cooling bin, normal bin, freezing storage, refrigeration storage and indoor storage. Crack ratio by indoor and ordinary temperature bin storage were increased by 2.68% and 3.63%, respectively, whereas cooling bin using winter cold air, refrigeration and freezing storage showed below 1.0%. The highest germination rate was found in cooling bin using winter cold air. As a result, cooling bin using winter cold air can be evaluated for the adequate storage method of rough rice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.38-43
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• 1999

An experimental study was carried out, in order to set up the procedure for evaluation of hot fire test, to investigate the effect of mixture on combustion performance and combustion stability , and to determine the optimum design condition for designing the liquid rocket engine. $HNO_3$/Kerosene uni-element liquid rocket engine(thrust 24 $\iota{b}_f$, chamber pressure 200 psia) using impinging streams doublet injector was designed, and ground hot-fire test was carried out. To prevent or reduce the hard start during ignition period, two step ignition method was used. This was accomplished by maintaining about 25% of the designed operating pressure doting transient period, then chamber pressure was built up to the designed operating pressure. Maximum combustion efficiency was at O/F ratio 3.6, and combustion efficiency is decreased with increasing momentum ratio.