• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2018

Background: Respiration monitoring is necessary during sedation for dental treatment. Recently, acoustic respiration rate ($RRa^{TM}$), an acoustics-based respiration monitoring method, has been used in addition to auscultation or capnography. The accuracy of this method may be compromised in an environment with excessive noise. This study evaluated whether noise from the ultrasonic scaler affects the performance of RRa in respiratory rate measurement. Methods: We analyzed data from 49 volunteers who underwent scaling under intravenous sedation. Clinical tests were divided into preparation, sedation, and scaling periods; respiratory rate was measured at 2-s intervals for 3 min in each period. Missing values ratios of the RRa during each period were measuerd; correlation analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were performed on respiratory rates measured by RRa and capnogram. Results: Respective missing values ratio from RRa were 5.62%, 8.03%, and 23.95% in the preparation, sedation, and scaling periods, indicating an increased missing values ratio in the scaling period (P < 0.001). Correlation coefficients of the respiratory rate, measured with two different methods, were 0.692, 0.677, and 0.562 in each respective period. Mean capnography-RRa biases in Bland-Altman analyses were -0.03, -0.27, and -0.61 in each respective period (P < 0.001); limits of agreement were -4.84-4.45, -4.89-4.15, and -6.18-4.95 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The probability of missing respiratory rate values was higher during scaling when RRa was used for measurement. Therefore, the use of RRa alone for respiration monitoring during ultrasonic scaling may not be safe.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 1981

This experiment was conducted to find out the consumptive use of irrigated water for calculation of duty water in paddy rice. Tall statured Japonica rice varieties, Nongbaek (early), Jinheung (medium) and Akibare (late), and short statured Tongil typed varieties, Josaeng Tongil(early), Suweon 264 (medium) and Suweon 258(late) were planted on the experimental farm of Kon-Kuk University in 1979. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. During the experimental period, the daily mean temperature was almost similar, the relative humidity was higher as much as 2.8%, the amount of rain fall was 100mm less and the pan evaporation was 70mm less compared with those of 30 years average, respectively. 2. The paddy soil was silty loam, which was suitable for the rice cultivation. 3. Varietal differences were find out for plant height, culm length, number of tillers, number of panicles, heading date, matured grain ratio, 1000-grain weight and rough rice yield. This difference might he the cause of varietal difference of the consumptive use of irrigated water during the rice growing period. 4. The evapotranspiration was gradually increased after transplanting and showed the peak from booting to heading stage of rice varieties. The average evapotranspiration through the whole growing period was 5.67-5. 80mm/day for tall statured Japonica varieties, and 5.99-6. 39mm/day for short statured Tongil typed varieties. 5. The ratio of evapotranspiration to pan-evaporation through the whole growing period was 1.49-1.50 for Japonica varieties, and 1.60-1.66 for Tongil typed varies. 6. Average amount of percolation in paddy field was 3. 62mm/day through the whole growing period of rice plant. 7. K-value in Blaney & Criddle formula was 0.94-0.98 for Japonica varieties and 1.02-1.08 for Tongil typed varieties, and coefficient consumptive water use (Kc-value) was 0.95-1.02 for Japonica varieties and 1.04-1.12 for Tongil typed varieties in this study. The modified coefficient for consumptive water use, which was calculated from data collected through the country including this study, was as follows;

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2019

In this study, 30 kinds of long-term and mature Korean soy sauce were collected and classified by the fermentation period, and the components related to taste and sensory characteristics were analyzed. A total of 4 kinds of organic acids were detected. The total organic acid content was in the range of 97.2~341.6 mg%, but did not show the tendency to increase or decrease in proportion to the aging period. The total free amino acid content was within the range of 3,001.0~3,834.7 mg% and showed a tendency to increase in proportion to the ripening period of the soy sauce. The contents of aspartic acid and glutamic acid subsequently increased in the long-term matured soy sauce. The ratio of essential amino acid to total amino acid was 31.6~35.7%, and the ratio of glutamic acid to total amino acid was 19.6~23.9%, respectively. The panel of 20~29-year-old indicated that the longer the aging period of soy sauce, the lower the preference while the panel of 30 or more years indicated that the longer the aging period of soy sauce, the higher the preference. This study was the first to investigate the quality of long-term matured soy sauce in more than one year.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.214-220
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• 2008

Nitrifying bacteria were detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method at 6 sampling sites with different eutrophication degree in the Nak-Dong River and their tributaries. And conventional physico-chemical parameters including $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$, and TN were determined concurrently. In rainy period (July), there was no noticeable difference between the number of ammonia/nitrite-oxidizing bacteria detected at each site except Sang-Ju and the ratio of nitrifying bacteria to total counts stained by DAPI varied in 6~33%. By contrast, in the dry period (October), both of bacterial population was increased differently and the ratio of nitrifying bacteria to total counts ranged more widely from 6% in heavily polluted water zone, Hwa-Won to 60% in upper tributary with high agricultural land use. Byung-Sung-Chun. In January, the numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was reduced up to one tenth, while those of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria was apparently increased maybe due to high DO and low DOC.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.63-85
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to review the methodology of economic analysis of fishing ports by examining the economical feasibilities of a national fishing port (Jeongja Port) in Ulsan. This study utilized market value evaluation method to measure the benefits and costs related to the development of ports. The benefit variables are income effects resulting from the developments while the cost variables are sum of construction costs and maintenance costs. The income effects are measured in two ways: (1) income from individual project resulting from the developments, (2) the income effects by utilizing investment multipliers. The results shows that the BC ratio (Benefits/Costs) of Jeongja port by using (1) income from individual project resulting from the developments was 1.07 while the BC ratio by using (2) the income effects by utilizing investment multipliers was 1.10 due to a relative short period of useful life for investment multipliers. However, the income variable utilizing investment multipliers is more sensitive to the period of duration than the income variable from individual project.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.780-785
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• 1987

Pulmonary atresia with VSD is uncommon congenital anomaly with high mortality in neonatal period. Recently we experienced surgical correction of 2 cases of pulmonary atresia with VSD. The first case was 7-year old female patient and diagnosed as pulmonary atresia with VSD combined PDA. So, total correction was undertaken which consisted of PDA ligation, patch repair of VSD, transannular enlargement of RVOT with woven Dacron vascular graft, and closure of PFO. Postoperative systemic Rt. ventricular and radial artery pressure ratio was 0.44 and her postoperative course was uneventful. The second case was 6-year old male patient diagnosed as pulmonary atresia with VSD and large systemic-pulmonary collateral arteries. There were two large systemic-pulmonary collaterals, one was simply controlled by ligation, but the other was considered to supply Rt. upper lung. So end to side anastomosis was performed to the RVOT patch. Postoperative systolic Rt. ventricular and radial artery pressure ratio was 0.54. During the follow up period he showed clinical picture of Rt. heart failure, which is relatively well controlled with anticongestive therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1996

This paper presents a stochastic partial inventory model for the situation in which demand is deterministic, lead time follows normal distribution and backorder ratio during the stockout period decreases exponentially according to the length of backorder period. In this situation, an objective function is formulated to minimize the average annual cost, which is the sum of the ordering, carrying time-proportional backordering, quantity-proportional backordering and lost sales costs. And then the procedure of iterative solution method for the model is developed to find optimal reorder point and order quantity and numerical example to illustrate the proposed method is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.255-265
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• 1995

Stainless steel type 304L has been nitrided in the low pressure (600Pa) and high nitrogen (80% $N_2$+20% $H_2$) environment for 5 hours by the square-wave-pulsed-d.c. plasma as a function of temperature $400{\sim}550^{\circ}C$ and pulsation. At the lower temperature range of $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ and at the relatively high ratio of pulse duration to pulse period. "S-phase" has been developed in the form of thin nitrided surface layer which has many cracks, leading to be nearly impossible for the industrial anti-wear and anti-corrosion applications. At the higher temperature up to $550^{\circ}C$ with the increasing ratio of the pulse duration to pulse period up to $50{\mu}s/100{\mu}s$, the nitrided layer, whose growth rate has increased also, has been composed mainly of CrN and $Fe_4N$ phases and has become thick, uniform and nearly crack-free.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.460-466
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• 1988

In this paper, the theory and experiments on the one-way optical image transmission through optical fiber by using degenerate four wave mixing in BSO single crystal are demonstrated. From the theoretical analysis, the diffraction efficiency of phase conjugate wave in BSO single crystal is greatly dependent on applied electric field intensity, diffraction grating period formed in the crystal and incident beam ratio, those are also in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the experimental results, we have arranged the typical degenerate four wave mixing system in the optimal conditions (applied electric field, E. = 5kV/cm` diffraction grating period, 3\ulcorner` beam ratio of backward pump wave versus signal wave, 2.7) and realized one-way optical image transmission system through optical fiber using BSO single crystal.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2007

Relaxed Static Stability (RSS) concept has been applied to improve aerodynamic performance of modern version supersonic jet fighter aircraft. The T-50 advanced supersonic trainer employs the RSS concept in order to improve the aerodynamic performance. And the flight control system stabilizes the unstable aircraft and provides adequate handling qualities. The T-50 longitudinal control laws employ a proportional-plus-integral type controller based on a dynamic inversion method. The longitudinal dynamic modes consist of short period with high frequency and phugoid mode with low frequency. The design goal of longitudinal control law is optimization of short period damping ratio and frequency using Lower Order Equivalent System (LOES) complying the requirement of MIL-F-8785C. This paper addresses phugoid mode characteristics such as damping ratio and natural frequency that is affected by the nonlinear control laws such as angle of attack limiter, auto pitch attitude command system and autopilot of pitch attitude hold.