• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 1996

There levels of dietary ME (3,000, 3,200 and 3,400 kcal/kg) and four levels of Total Sulphur Amino Acid (TSAA) (0.73, 0.83, 0.93 and 1.03%) were studied in the starter period (0-3 wks) of the broilers. Three levels of dietary ME (3,000, 3,200 and 3,400 kcal/kg) combined with four levels of TSAA (0.65, 0.72, 0.79 and 0.86%) were studied in the grower period (3-6 wks). The crude protein content of the diet of the starter period was 23% while the diet of the grower period was 20%. The performance data of the starter broilers indicated that the dietary energy levels had no significant effects on body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio. However, TSAA levels had a significant influence on the growth and feed parameters. The response pattern for the grower period was similar to the starter period. The present experiment showed that in the tropics the TSAA requirement for the starter period was between 0.83 to 0.93% which is similar to the values recommended by NRC while for the grower period the TSAA requirement was between 0.79 to 0.86% at all the three energy levels which is higher than the values recommended by NRC.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.173-183
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• 1993

Four wave gauges of pressure type were installed for about one month(1992. 2~3) for the analysis of wave agitations induced by the intrusion of long-period incident waves inside and outside of Donghae Harbor. Helmholtz natural period and second peak period of seiche in Donghae Harbor are found to be approximately 17.1 and 5.5 minutes from the spectral analysis of measured long-period wave data. Amplification ratio at Helmholtz natural period reaches about 10 which is five times as lagre as that of Youngil Bay, but wave amplitudes ill harbor were about 10 em during the measurement period which are relatively small.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1991

This study was carried out under the appropriate conditions of moisture content(60~70%), C/N ratio(25~30), and C/P ratio(30~35) on the mixed materials of cow dung and rice hulls. The good mixing ratio of cow dung and rice hulls was woth to one on volume basis which was able to adjust to the moisture content and C/N ratio of the mixing material. During fermentation pile period, the mixing ratio of control, non-aerated pile with turning was two to one and that of aerated pile with blower was two ti one. In fermentation pile period, average temperature of aerated pile was $55{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ and it was more higher than control of $40{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ non-aerated pile. While total nitrogen content of aerated pile was lower than that of the control, total carbon content and C/N ratio were higher. In cure pile period, the temperature and C/N ratio of aerated pile were increased at the early stage and then they were decreased, but total nitrogen and total carbon contents of aerated pile were increased in process of days. Final product in aerated pile had more fine particles and was good for the growth of cucumber seedlings than control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.434-442
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the optimum ratio of methionine to methionine plus cystine for growing pigs. A nitrogen balance trial was conducted using a total of 21 barrows (Large WhiteLandrace) over two replicates. The initial body weight was $20.36{\pm}1.22kg$ (mean${\pm}$SD) in the first replicate and $23.54{\pm}1.02kg$ (mean${\pm}$SD) in the second. For each replicate, the 21 pigs were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary treatments with three observations per treatment. The diets included a methionine and cystine-deficient basal diet with all other essential nutrients meeting nutrient requirements and six diets formulated with graded levels of DL-methionine (0.00, 0.03, 0.06, 0.10, 0.13, 0.16%) and $L-Cystine{\cdot}HCl{\cdot}H_2O$ (0.19, 0.15, 0.11, 0.07, 0.04, 0.00%). This resulted in ratios of methionine to methionine plus cystine of 41.3, 29.6, 35.3, 41.2, 46.0, 51.6 and 57.5%. Each experimental period lasted 12 days consisting of a seven-day adaptation period followed by a five-day total collection of urine and feces. During the collection period, pigs were fed 900 g/day for the first replicate and 1,200 g/day for the second replicate. The feed was provided in three equal portions at 0800, 1500, and 2200 h daily. Pigs had ad libitum access to water after feeding. There was a linear (p<0.01) and quadratic (p<0.01) effect on daily gain and feed conversion as the ratio of methionine to methionine plus cystine increased. Pigs receiving the diets providing a methionine to methionine plus cystine ratio of 51.6% had the best daily gain and feed conversion. Plasma urea nitrogen was also lowest for this treatment. Nitrogen retention increased (p<0.01) as the relative proportion of methionine increased up to 51.6% and then a downward trend occurred at 57.5%. The quadratic regression model, as well as one- and two- slope regression line models, were used to determine the optimum ratio of methionine to methionine plus cystine. Eliminating the 35.3% methionine to methionine plus cystine treatment resulted in $R^2$ values in excess of 0.92. The optimal ratio of methionine to methionine plus cystine was estimated to be 54.15% for nitrogen retention and 56.72% for plasma urea nitrogen.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

The BESS(Battery Energy Storage System) is an useful device for load leveling, but the high cost, installation space and safety issues are the main barriers for supplying it widely. The important factor in supplying BESS to customers successfully is the payback period. As most of the H/W cost factors are uncontrollable, the optimization of storage volume can be useful factor in improving payback period. In order to obtain optimized BESS volume, the load factor, demand ratio, peak shaving ratio, electric rates and benefits from DR participation of customer should be analyzed. In this paper, we could verify the peak cutting capability and cost effectiveness under the some proposed conditions and changing value of PCS and battery based on the customers data after volume optimization process was applied, and we can identified the saturation point of load factor and shortening of customer's payback period.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

Shadow banking in China has been growing rapidly; banks use wealth management products aggressively to evade regulatory constraints. The loan-to-deposit ratio or LDR targets both sides of the balance sheet; loans in terms of asset-side, and deposits in terms of liabilities-side; banks needed to control and maintain both sides. Regulators restricted Chinese banks to maintain a 75% limit for their loan-depositratio. Banks' needed to either lower their loans or increase the deposits; WMPs helped banks to evade this limit. Banks issue more WMPs to control and manage a 75% statutory ceiling LDR. This WMPs-LDR positive association disappeared post-2015 period. This study empirically examined how Chinese banks use WMPs issuance to avoid regulatory constraints. Quarterly panel data for 30 top Chinese banks were used by analyzing pre-2015 (during the 75% LDR limit) and post-2015 (after removal of the LDR limit). This study also performed fixed-effects model as recommended by the Hausman specification test, with feasible generalized least squares FGLS estimation technique. The results of this study show that for the pre-2015 period, Chinese banks use issuance of WMPs aggressively to manage their LDR limit; this WMPs-LDR relationship disappeared post-2015 period. Moreover, SMBs use WMPs more eagerly as compare to Big4 banks.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.31-36
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• 2020

This study explores the determinants of capital structure of the hospitality industry such as hotels, lodging industry and tourism industry using financial data from 2000 to 2019. Several explanatory variables suggested by related theories and past studies were regressed with the dependent variable, debt ratio for the entire sample period, pre-crisis period and post-crisis period and the regression coefficients of the sales expenses, profitability and firm size were found to be statistically significantly negative. Especially the sign of the coefficient of the firm size was opposite to that of the manufacturing industry, which implies the uniqueness of the hospitality industry.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2013

The filtering characteristics of planar distributed feedback (DFB) waveguides composed by gratings with different period are solved using equivalent transmission-line network. To analyze explicitly its band-pass and resonance properties, a longitudinal modal transmission-line theory (L-MTLT) based on Floquet's theorem and Babinet's principle is newly developed. The numerical results reveal that this approach offers a simple and analytic algorithm to analyze the filtering characteristics of cascaded DFB structure with different period, and the bandwidth and side-lobe suppression of cascaded DFB filter are sensitively dependent on the variation of aspect ratio and the number of grating at each region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

By incorporating a polarization-diversity loop configuration, we have demonstrated the inline switching of transmission and reflection spectra of one of two short-period fiber gratings (SPFGs) with different resonance wavelengths without reconfiguring the filter structure. The proposed filtering apparatus consists of a fiber-pigtailed polarization beam splitter, two SPFGs, and three quarter-wave plates (QWPs). The proposed filter can independently choose the transmission or reflection spectrum of each SPFG through the appropriate adjustment of the orientation angles of the QWPs within the filter without additional optical switches and couplers. The average insertion loss, band rejection ratio, and side-mode suppression ratio of the fabricated filter were measured as ~4.59, ~17.88, and ~19.67dB, respectively.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.293-311
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• 2016

A parametric study on the nonlinear seismic response of isolated reinforced concrete structural frame is presented. Three prototype frames designed according to the 1954 Hellenic seismic code, with number of floor ranging from 1 to 3 were considered. These low rise frames are representative of many existing reinforced concrete buildings in Greece. The efficacy of the implementation of both lead rubber bearings (LRB) and friction pendulum isolators (FPI) base isolation systems were examined. The selection of the isolation devices was made according to the ratio $T_{is}/T_{fb}$, where Tis is the period of the base isolation system and $T_{bf}$ is the period of the fixed-base building. The main purpose of this comprehensive study is to investigate the effect of the isolation system period on the seismic response of inadequately designed low rise buildings. Thus, the implementation of isolation systems which correspond to the ratio $T_{is}/T_{fb}$ that values from 3 to 5 is studied. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed to investigate the response of the isolated structures using a set of three natural seismic ground motions. The evaluation of each retrofitting case was made in terms of storey drift and storey shear force while in view of serviceability it was made in terms of storey acceleration. Finally, the maximum developed displacements and the residual displacements of the isolation systems are presented.