• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2011

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation quantity in irrigation management system controlled by drainage level sensors for perlite bag culture on the growth and yields of tomatoes during different growth stages. Tomato plants were irrigated with four selected methods; supplying small quantity (~70 mL) during entire growth (S-S), large quantity (~145 mL) during entire growth (L-L), small quantity before harvesting the first cluster fruits and large quantity after harvesting (S-L), and large quantity until harvesting the first cluster fruits and small quantity after harvesting (L-S). The irrigation quantity supplied in each time was gradually adjusted along with the ratios as the tomato crop grew during different growth stages. The growth of the tomato plants was unstable and slow during the entire cropping period when the plant was irrigated by small or large quantities (S-S or L-L). In L-S treatment, the growth phase of the tomato was changed from vegetative to generative growth on the basis of the plant development index when each irrigation quantity was changed. The L-S treatment exhibited the largest root volume and yields with stable drainage ratios. Therefore, the optimum irrigation quantity was determined as 145 mL before harvesting the first cluster fruits and 70 mL after harvesting.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 1989

This investigation was conducted on 249 Jindo dogs aging from 2 to 12 months to determine body type and external appearance of the dogs. The results of this investigation were as follows. 1. The withers height of male dogs growed rapidly during the period between 2 months and 7 months of age, and was 22.94cm and 49.77cm, respectively. Afterward the growth rate slowed down up to 12 months, 53.33cm. The growth rate of female was similar to male, and the withers height was 22.91cm, 46.81cm, 48.70cm at 2, 6 and 12 months of age. 2. For male and female the body length was 27.21, 27.23cm at 2 months, 51.40cm, 51.62cm at 6 months, 58.33, 52.15cm at 12 months, respectively. Growth rate of the body length was very rapid from 2 to 6 months of age, but afterwards the growth rate was slow and somewhat retarded. 3. For male and female, the withers height to body length ratio was 100 : 109.4 and 100 : 107.1 in 12 months old group. 4. Cross over between the sexes in growth rate occurred between 5.3 to 6.5 months of age for wither height, between 6.0 to 7.2 months for hody length, respectively. 5. The average chest girths of male and female were 31.46, 30.46cm at 2 months, 54.92, 52.20cm at 7months, 60.25, 57.90cm at 12months, respectively. The growth rate of chest girth was rapid between 2 to 7 months of age and gradual between 7 to 12 months. 6. The average skull lengths of male and female were 11.76, 11.32cm at 2 months, 21.83, 19.60cm at 12 months, respectively. The average head widths of male and female were 8.37, 7.94cm at 2 months, 15.47, 12.46cm at 12 months. 7. Erected type of ear was completed from oblique type at 6 months in male and 7 months in female. On our detailed examinations, we concluded that Jindo dogs completed their growth at 6 to 7 months of age.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.575-578
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• 2016

The thermal endurance of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), written with the aid of 193-nm ArF excimer laser irradiation on H₂-loaded Ge/B codoped silica fiber, and pretreated with a CO₂ laser and a subsequent slow cooling process, is investigated. These treated gratings show relatively less degradation of grating strength during the thermal annealing procedure. The thermal decay characteristics of treated and untreated fiber, recorded over a time period of 9 hours, have been compared. The effect on the Bragg transmission depth (BTD) and the center-wavelength shift, as well as the growth of refractive-index change during the grating inscription process for both treated and untreated fiber, are analyzed.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.77-80
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• 2019

Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC), a very rare neoplasm located mostly in the mandible, has been regarded as a benign tumor. However, due to the accumulation of case reports, CCOC has been reclassified as a malignant entity by the World Health Organization. Patients with CCOC present with regional swelling and periodontal indications with variable pain, often remaining misdiagnosed for a long period. CCOC has slow growth but aggressive behavior, requiring radical resection. Histologic analysis revealed the monophasic, biphasic, and ameloblastic types of CCOC with clear cells and a mixed combination of polygonal and palisading cells. At the molecular level, CCOC shows the expression of cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, along with markers that assign CCOC to the sarcoma family. At the genetic level, Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-activating transcription factor 1 fusion is regarded as the key feature for identification. Nevertheless, the scarcity of cases and dependence on histological data delay the development of an efficient therapy. Regarding the high recurrence rate and the potential of distant metastasis, further characterization of CCOC is necessary for an early and accurate diagnosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.711-717
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• 2007

Sleep is a vital, highly organized process regulated by complex systems of neuronal networks and neurotransmitters. Normal sleep comprises non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM periods that alternate through the night. Sleep usually begins in NREM and progresses through deeper NREM stages (2, 3, and 4 stages), but newborns enter REM sleep (active sleep) first before NREM (quiet sleep). A period of NREM and REM sleep cycle is approximately 90 minutes, but newborn have a shorter sleep cycle (50 minutes). As children mature, sleep changes as an adult pattern: shorter sleep duration, longer sleep cycles and less daytime sleep. REM sleep is approximately 50% of total sleep in newborn and dramatically decreases over the first 2 years into adulthood (20% to 25%). An initial predominant of slow wave sleep (stage 3 and 4) that peaks in early childhood, drops off abruptly after adolescence by 40% from preteen years, and then declines over the life span. The hypothalamus is recognized as a key area of brain involved in regulation of sleep and wakefulness. The basic function of sleep largely remains elusive, but it is clear that sleep plays an important role in the regulation of CNS and body physiologic processes. Understanding of the architecture of sleep and basic mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake cycle are essential to evaluate normal or abnormal development of sleep pattern changes with age. Reduction or disruption of sleep can have a significant impact on daytime functioning and development, including learning, growth, behavior, and emotional regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.547-550
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• 2001

Acinic cell carcinoma is a rare salivary gland carcinoma, usually being found in the parotid gland and is uncommon in the other major and minor salivary glands. The tumor cells consist of either serous or mucous acinar cells with few ductal or myoepithelial cell elements. The tumor is a low-grade malignancy with slow growth potential. Surgical therapy depends on tumor size and the extent of infiltration into neighboring tissues. Superficial parotidectomy or total parotidectomy is the initial method of therapy in case of acinic cell carcinoma on parotid gland. When regional neck lymph nodes are involved, the operation is combined with a neck dissection, or with radiation therapy. In the short follow up period, acinic cell carcinoma has good prognosis with 5 year survival rate after surgery is over 80%. In the long-term follow-up, however, there is a tendency to increase in recurrence or metastasis. We experienced a case of acinic cell carcinoma of parotid gland in a 57-year-old female, so we report it with literatures review.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1977

The studies were carried to know the effects of GA$_3$, Ethrel and $H_2O$$_2$ on dormancy and germination in ginseng seeds. GA$_3$ stimulated the embryo growth and increased dehiscent (Kaekapp) ratio of the seeds for more than Ethrel and $H_2O$$_2$ GA$_3$ not only increased germination ratio but also shortened the period of germination. Ethrel and $H_2O$$_2$ showed no effects on the germination and there were no significant differences among the treatment levels of GA$_3$. The slow germination of ginseng seeds seemed to be mainly due to the dormancy of endosperm or seed coat rather than of embryo.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2024

Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma (PCMC) is a rare malignancy of the sweat glands that most commonly affects the periorbital area. It is characterized by slow growth over a prolonged period, and its morphology can be easily confused with a benign tumor, such as an epidermal cyst. Consequently, many patients experience recurrence after undergoing multiple resections. However, there are few reports concerning the surgical management of PCMC. We present two cases of PCMC originating in the periorbital area. The first case involved a 76-year-old man with a mass measuring 3.0×1.5 cm that had been increasing in size. The second case was a 61-year-old man with two masses, each measuring 1.0×1.0 cm, that were also growing. Both patients underwent wide excision with a 5-mm safety margin, which was determined based on the widest view of the cross-section of the mass on the magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, based on the intraoperative frozen biopsy results, both patients underwent additional excision with a 5-mm safety margin in only one direction. This report shows that, when determining the surgical margin of PCMC in periorbital area, employing imaging modalities and intraoperative frozen biopsies can be helpful for narrowing the surgical margin.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2010

Bark is a general medium for potted Cymbidium in Korea, but it is difficult to shake off or eliminate the medium from the roots before exporting the potted plants. This working process can injure the roots and then deteriorate plant marketability. This study was carried out to select the optimum medium easier to eliminate from the roots instead of bark and the optimum amount of applied fertilizer to improve the plant growth. Cymbidium young plants 'Honey Hot' and 'Desert Look' were planted in pots with bark, cocochip, and peatmoss. The plants were treated with 2, 4, and 6 g of slow release fertilizer. The plant growth characteristics were investigated in the first and second years during production period of three years. The medium characteristics and mineral nutrient content of the leaves were also examined in the second year. In the first year, the plant growth of 'Desert Look' was improved in all peatmoss treatments more than bark. 'Honey Hot' showed the highest plant growth values in the bark treatment. In the second year, the plant growth of the two cultivars was improved in peatmoss. Cocochip treatments showed the lower plant growth values than bark and peatmoss in the first and second year. There was no significant difference among fertilizer amounts in all the media. The higher CEC values of peatmoss medium resulted to higher capacity to hold more nutrients than bark, and the nutrient retention of the peatmoss improved the plant growth. The higher K and Ca contents in the leaves would contribute to improve the plant growth. Consequently, it would be possible to use peatmoss instead of bark for Cymbidium young plants, but there must be always attention to appropriately water the medium and manage the moisture.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2009

A study on vegetation in the Mangyeong River and Dongjin River basins and the surrounding regions of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land was conducted in a series of efforts to determine the expected ecological changes in the salt marshes, to restore their vegetation, to explore the restoring force of halophyte, to examine the community mechanism and, ultimately, to rehabilitate marshy land vegetation along the lakeside, coastal dune and salt marshes of the Saemangeum Project Area. The findings of the study may be summed up as follows: Five species such as Suaeda japonica, Salicornia herbacea, Atriplex gmelini, Aster tripolium and Suaeda asparagoides that are mostly distributed in the estuary of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land were analyzed to examine the mechanism of halophyte to maintain their community. To find out the strategies of plants for survival and the cause of forming community structure, a research was made as for appearance ratio of biomass, root lengths and germination. With regard to biomasses of halophyte, the biomass of Suaeda japonica increases rapidly, while Salicornia herbacea adopts a strategy of unstable growth pattern by which the biomass increases slowly in parallel with its slow speed of growth since initial appearance of young sapling. In contrast, Suaeda asparagoides, Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium choose to adapt themselves to environment promptly by being transformed into life form of annual or biennial plant, a pattern that is presumed to be favorable and stable for survival in the later stage of growth. In short, there is a sharp distinction among the 5 species: i.e. Suaeda japonica that begins to grow fast in the length of surface and underground section but slows down from the mid-stage on; Salicornia herbacea that grows slowly in the beginning step but starts to step up from the middle onward; Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium growing slowly in the initial stage but fast later on; and Suaeda asparagoides that turns from the constant growth in the beginning to rapid growth in the later period. The outcomes of the analysis into status of growth and influencing factors of Suaeda japonica in the sowing field that is most widely prevalent in the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land as a sort of ecological pioneer in the salt marshes showed that the average size of grass lands, density and number of individuals increase in the natural sowing field as well as in the plowing field regardless of their physical as well as physico-chemical features of the soil as the season progresses from June to October of a year.