• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.687-698
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• 2011

In this study, it was analyzed by a numerical analysis that plan/design considerations for ensuring the spectator safety of large arena audiences in a fire emergency evacuation plan. The latest issue, the 'performance-based design', fire and evacuation plan is important. But nowadays 'Specification-based design' is in common. In evacuation simulation, congestion of exit and aisle is ignored because only evacuation time of large-space is mainly analyzed. In smoke flow,'smoke filling effect' tends to be overrated. From now on, when design a field house, it is needed not 'smoke filling effect' and 'large-space evacuation' analysis, but analyzing 'whole building evacuation time' for ensuring fire evacuation safety of spectator.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2019

Today, building constructions are becoming larger, higher, deeper, and complex to improve quality of human life and meet various needs. As a result, new design space for non - typically standardized space has been created, and targets for performance-based design are also becoming increased. An evacuation safety evaluation of performance-based design should be compared with ASET and RSET estimation so that the value of RSET does not exceed the value of ASET. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to secure the safety with using the performance-based design evaluation method currently in use, especially in case of the underground parking lot, because it has wide compartment area and various routes for evacuation. Therefore, in order to overcome these problems, this paper first investigates the simulation setting method of the performance-based design that is currently in use, and then conducts two fire simulations and three evacuation simulations for underground parking lots each time, so performs the evacuation safety evaluationin total six cases of situations. Here this paper analyzes the problem with comparative evaluation research and suggests the better solution for improved evacuation safety evaluation of performance-based design.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2009

As the Performance Based Fire Protection Design is legislated, studies on a fire and evacuation are actively in progress. The Performance Based Fire Protection Design should be developed toward enlarging the Life safety. In addition, the Performance Based Fire Protection Design shall not merely review the aspects of fire fighting but it shall also include regulations pertaining to evacuation stipulated in laws and regulations for buildings. This study performed an evacuation time prediction based on OO Night Club, one of the multiplex use facilities located in Gwang-ju Metropolitan City in order to suggest as a referential data for the Performance Based Fire Protection Design implementation. To do this, I investigated domestic and foreign regulations and research papers related to evacuation and went to visit the actual site and collected materials. The collected data was then used as ones to input in Simulex, an evacuation program to measure evacuation time. The collected data was then used as data to input in Simulex, an evacuation program to measure evacuation time. Through this particular research and results, the study was able to suggest a few concerning areas.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2016

National performance-based design methods and prescribed standards for various input data not defined as separated regulation, ASET and RSET fire and evacuation simulations on the data cited by different designers. This is also directly connected reliability problems for the evacuation simulation and performance-based fire. standardizing the various input to performance-based fire and evacuation simulations of a similar risk, regardless of the experience of designer or technical skills. The performance-based targets proper fire-fighting and emergency equipment installed reasonable initial investment cost to done ensure safety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.107-108
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• 2020

There is a need to analyze various factors in evacuation safety assessment of building in fire. In the current performance based design, evacuation safety assessment in case of fire is being conducted through the simulation as FDS and Pathfinder. However, the location and size of the door, the location of evacuation in the event of a fire are not considered when design. Accordingly, it is difficult to determine the worst case scenario considering the actual fire. Therefore in this study, in this study, we will propose an appropriate evaluation plan through simulation considering the worst-case scenario that may occur in case of fire.

• Architectural research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of remoteness between exit stairways on evacuation performance. Firstly, we reviewed the design regulations of the U.S., the U.K., and South Korea, in relation to remoteness between Exit stairways. Secondly, evacuation simulation was implemented, in order to evaluate the adequacy of each standard. Eight tall buildings in South Korea were selected for the simulation. Evacuation performance was assessed for different remote distances between Exit stairways. Lastly, this research analyses the evacuation simulation data statistically in relation to the effect of remoteness on evacuation time. We found that as the distance between two exit stairways increases, the total evacuation time and average evacuation time for evacuees decreases. There was no statistical influence between the maximum travel distance of the evacuee and the remoteness between two exit stairways, but there was a significant effect on the average travel distance of the evacuees. In addition, the results from the optimal point showed that the L_ratio had the highest evacuation time at 0.44, while the D_ratio had the highest evacuation time at 0.38.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2023

Human and material damage can be reduced if the risk is evaluated by engineering analysis of fire combustion products, smoke concentration, and smoke movement speed in the event of a fire in apartment houses and officetels. In this study, a lot of research on related safety evaluation in the basement needs to be studied and reflected in design, so experimental research was conducted to analyze the flow of smoke through computer simulation and provide analysis data through evacuation safety evaluation. First of all, the five-story underground parking lot subject to simulation has a large floor area, which is advantageous for improving evacuation safety performance, but it uses temperature detectors to increase detection time and fire spread speed. Second, it was analyzed that the evacuation time at all evacuation ports did not exceed the evacuation time, and as the time from the start of evacuation to the evacuation time was 216.9% compared to the travel time, it was evaluated that the safety performance of the evacuation was secured. Third, the above simulation results are a comprehensive safety evaluation based on the non-operation of fire extinguishing facilities in the fire room to increase safety, which means that smoother evacuation safety performance can be secured by linking fire extinguishing facilities.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present an evacuation performance analysis model that can derive vulnerable evacuation spaces with considering the movement behavior as per the elderly groups in the event of a fire in a geriatric hospital. Methods: The evacuation characteristics of geriatric hospital users were investigated through the review of precedent studies. First, the occupant conditions and the evacuation scenario were set to analyze a study target hospital. Then, the evacuation simulation was carried out considering the group types and the density of each group. Finally, an evacuation performance analysis model according to the group type was presented based on the simulation results. Results: The results of this study are as follows: (1) The evacuation performance according to the group type is to be clarified through the suggested study model. (2) It is necessary to secure a ramp or an emergency elevator to distribute the evacuation personnel at the design stage because congestion occurs due to collisions between evacuees on the stairs and delays the evacuation time. (3) It is necessary to consider the evacuation stairs and openings of sufficient size by analyzing the frequency of congestion occurrence and the escape routes of occupants in advance to identify the space where the evacuation flow overlaps. Implications: It is expected that the study result is to be used as primary data for studies that consider the elderly and clustering evacuation behavior in the event of a fire in a geriatric hospital.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2023

Social welfare facilities are used by a wide range of local residents, including vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children, and people with disabilities. During emergencies like fires, confusion can arise as these individuals try to evacuate. Evacuation simulation results have shown that utilizing evacuation systems based on specific evacuation scenarios can significantly decrease the time required for evacuation compared to general evacuation procedures. By anticipating potential fires based on changes in social and facility environments, appropriate evacuation scenarios can be developed and applied to evacuation systems, thus contributing to the safety and security of individuals during emergencies. In conclusion, for social welfare facilities that serve a large number of people, it is necessary to expand the focus on performance-based design depending on the size of the facility, and to continuously develop and train for appropriate evacuation scenarios that align with changing facility environments.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2017

Emergencies and disasters can happen any time without any warning, and things can change and escalate very quickly, and often it is swift and decisive actions that make all the difference. It is a responsibility of the building facility management to ensure that a proven evacuation plan in place to cover various worst scenario to handled automatically inside the facility. To mapping out optimal safe escape routes is a straightforward undertaking, but does not necessarily guarantee residents the highest level of protection. The emergency evacuation navigation approach is a state-of-the-art that designed to evacuate human livings during an emergencies based on real-time decisions using live sensory data with pre-defined optimum path finding algorithm. The poor decision on causalities and guidance may apparently end the evacuation process and cannot then be remedied. This paper propose a cloud connected emergency evacuation system model to react dynamically to changes in the environment in emergency for safest emergency evacuation using IoT based emergency exit sign system. In the previous researches shows that the performance of optimal routing algorithms for evacuation purposes are more sensitive to the initial distribution of evacuees, the occupancy levels, and the type and level of emergency situations. The heuristic-based evacuees routing algorithms have a problem with the choice of certain parameters which causes evacuation process in real-time. Therefore, this paper proposes an evacuee routing algorithm that optimizes evacuation by making using high computational power of cloud servers. The proposed algorithm is evaluated via a cloud-based simulator with different "simulated casualties" are then re-routed using a Dijkstra's algorithm to obtain new safe emergency evacuation paths against guiding evacuees with a predetermined routing algorithm for them to emergency exits. The performance of proposed approach can be iterated as long as corrective action is still possible and give safe evacuation paths and dynamically configure the emergency exit signs to react for real-time instantaneous safe evacuation guidance.