• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.3319-3323
• /
• 2015

Background: Community pharmacists play an important role in tobacco control and adequate training on smoking cessation is essential. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was used. A one-day workshop on smoking cessation organized by Indonesian Pharmacists Association as part of PCE program was offered to 133 community pharmacists. The workshop consisted of a 3-hour lecture and a 3-hour role-play session. Pre-training and post-training surveys assessed the impact of training on parameters including knowledge, perceived role and self-efficacy with respect to smoking cessation counseling practices. Intention and ability to perform counseling using the 5A framework was assessed after training only. Results: After PCE, knowledge score significantly increased from $24.9{\pm}2.58$ to $35.7{\pm}3.54$ (p<0.001). Perceived role and self-efficacy in smoking cessation counseling also significantly increased from $25.8{\pm}2.73$ to $28.7{\pm}2.24$, and $27.6{\pm}4.44$ to $32.6{\pm}3.63$, respectively (p<0.001). After the workshop, most participants were willing to ask, advise, and assess patients who ready to quit, but were still less likely to assist in quitting plans and arranging follow up counseling. More than 75% pharmacists were able to perform cessation counseling and 65% of them can completely perform a 5A brief intervention. Conclusions: PCE can enhance pharmacists' knowledge, perceived role, self-efficacy in cessation counseling practices, and create willingness and ability to perform cessation counseling. Future training is recommended to improve skills in assisting quitting plans and arranging follow up.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.12
• /
• pp.253-276
• /
• 1999

CISG articles 34 and 37 clearly allow the seller to cure any nonconformity in documents of sale or performance prior to the date for delivery if it does not cause the buyer unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable expense. CISG article 48 allows a seller to cure the performance even after the date for delivery if it does not cause the buyer unreasonable delay, unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable uncertainty of reimbursement by the seller of expenses advanced by the buyer. The wording any failure to perform is broad enough to include a delay. The seller's right to cure relates to all his obligations. The seller may remedy 'any failure to perform his obligations'. This language is broad enough to include a defect in documents. In some cases the fact that the seller is able and willing to remedy the non-conformity of the goods without inconvenience to the buyer, may mean that there would be no fundamental breach unless the seller failed to remedy the non-conformity within an appropriate time. It cannot generally be said what unreasonable inconvenience means. This can only be decided on a case-by-case basis. The seller must bear the costs involved in remedying a failure to perform. The curing of a failure to perform may have influence on the amount of the damage claimed. Insofar as the seller has the right to cure, the buyer is in that case obliged to accept the cure. If he refuses to do so, he can neither avoid the contract nor declare a reduction in price. This rule clearly shows the underlying concept of the CISG, to keep to the contract, if possible. Should the buyer requires delivery of substitute goods and the seller offers repair, it depends on the expense each case. The buyer must receive the request or notice by the seller. The relationship between the seller's right to cure and the buyer's right to avoid the contract is unclear. The buyer's right to avoid the contract should not nullify the seller's right to cure if the offer is reasonable. In addition, whether a breach is fundamental should be decided in the right of the seller's offer to cure.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2015

The ultimate purpose of a walking robot is to move to a designated spot and to perform a necessary manipulation. To perform various manipulations for a walking robot, it should have some kind of an extra manipulator. However, if the manipulation task for the robot is simple enough, the robot can perform the task by using its legs. Among various kinds of walking robots, a hexapod walking robot has relatively many legs, so it has the advantage of stability and walking speed. So, a hexapod walking robot can perform simple manipulation task by using its one or two legs while maintaining stability by using the rest of legs. In this paper, we deal with a simple manipulation task of holding a ball. We formulate the task as a redundancy resolution problem and propose a method for obtaining an optimal solution.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of video observation training on neglect and ability to perform activities of daily living of stroke patients. Methods : Patients diagnosed with stroke were selected as subjects according to criteria to select the research targets. The additional video observation training besides OT and PT was carried out to 15 patients in an experimental group and sham therapy besides OT and PT was performed to 15 patients in a control group. Line-bisection test were conducted to compare the neglect before and after therapy intervention and FIM was conducted to compare the ability to perform the activities of daily living. Results : The result of this study that we found out that degree of neglect in an experimental group where video observation training was carried out improved neglect and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Conclusion : The video observation training the video observation training is expected to be useful in clinics.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2023

The dining philosophers problem(DPP) is that five philosophers sit around a round table and eat spaghetti(or noodles) together, where they must have a pair of chopsticks(two) on both sides of them to eat, and if all philosophers have one chopstick on the right, no one can eat because the deadlock occurs. Deadlocks are a problem that frequently occur in parallel systems, and most current operating systems(OS) cannot prevent it. This paper proposes a silver bullet that causes no deadlock in an OS where all processors of 2≤n≤∞ have multiple parallel processing capabilities. The proposed method is a group round-robin method in which ⌊n/2⌋ odd processors form a group and perform simultaneously, and shift right to the next processor when execution ends. The proposed method is to perform two times for even processors, three times for odd processors per one round-robin. If the proposed method is performed n times, even-numbered processors perform n/2 times and odd-numbered processors perform (n-1)/2-times.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.485-492
• /
• 2021

Vision-based autonomous precision landing technology for UAVs requires precise position estimation and landing guidance technology. Also, for safe landing, it must be designed to determine the safety of the landing point against ground obstacles and to guide the landing only when the safety is ensured. In this paper, we proposes vision-based navigation, and algorithms for determining the safety of landing point to perform autonomous precision landings. To perform vision-based navigation, CNN technology is used to detect landing pad and the detection information is used to derive an integrated navigation solution. In addition, design and apply Kalman filters to improve position estimation performance. In order to determine the safety of the landing point, we perform the obstacle detection and position estimation in the same manner, and estimate the speed of the obstacle using LSM. The collision or not with the obstacle is determined based on the CPA calculated by using the estimated state of the obstacle. Finally, we perform flight test to verify the proposed algorithm.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 2013

In general, a product consists of one or more parts. Different parts of a product can perform the same function. According to "the design hypothesis of an integrated part", parts having the same function may be integrated into one part. A part can also perform more than one function. The form or material characteristic of a part may perform its function. In this study, we develop a method for defining the functions of components and for integrating parts having the same functions. We have successfully integrated some parts of a three-hole punch using the proposed method. The results satisfy axiomatic design.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.164-173
• /
• 2018

This paper proposes functional test methods of first-aid gadgets which are special end-effectors, for relief robot. In recent years, researches have been actively conducted on robots that can perform rescue operations on behalf of rescue workers in dangerous areas such as disasters and wars. These special robots mainly perform the task of finding or transporting injured people. However, it is sometimes they necessary to provide first aid in the field. Among the various first-aid operations, gadgets are being developed for oxygen supply, injection, and hemostasis operations that can be used in a defense/civilian area by using robot technology. Previous studies have proposed first-aid gadgets that are suitable for onsite situations and enable robots to perform the given task quickly and accurately. In this paper, we design a test procedure suitable for the functions of first-aid gadgets, summarize the results, and introduce future research directions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.580-583
• /
• 2017

To compensate the degraded SAR image due to the residual errors and the spatial variant errors remaining after the motion compensation in the airborne SAR, we have introduced the autofocus method based on the partition processing. Thus, after we perform the spatial partition for the spotlight SAR data and the time partition for the stripmap SAR data, we reconstruct the subpatch images for the partitioned data. Then, we perform the local autofocus with the suitability analysis process for the phase errors estimated by the autofocus. Moreover, if the estimated phase errors are not properly compensated for the subpatch images, we perform the phase compensation method with the weight to the estimated phase error close to the degraded subpatch image to increase the SAR image quality.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.169-179
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The performance rate to perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) by witness in out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) is very low in South Korea. To prevent the death caused by OHCA, it is important to encourage the witness to perform CPR actively. The purpose of the study is to investigate the influencing factors to affect bystander CPR rate. Methods: I conducted a questionnaire survey from 25 February to 4 March, 2013, receiving responses from 517 people in Korea. The questionnaire included social demographic factors, history of heart disease, knowledge of CPR, and the reliability of emergency medical service (EMS). A logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: Among the 517 respondents, 294 (57.4%) had intention of performing CPR. Multiple logistic regression analysis found the following significant predictors of CPR intention: gender (odds ratio [OR] = 0.390), age (OR = 1.024), religion (OR = 0.843), and knowledge of CPR (OR = 4.734). Conclusion: This study indicated that the strongest predictor is knowledge of CPR. Therefore, it would be helpful to teach CPR nationwide to encourage performing CPR. In addition, effect of CPR education in religious facilities is necessary.