• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.250-254
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• 2002

Intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steels is a conventional and momentous problem during welding and high temperature use. One of the major reasons for such intergranular corrosion is so-called sensitization, i.e., chromium depletion due to chromium carbide precipitation at grain boundaries. Conventional methods for preventing sensitization of austenitic stainless steels include reduction of carbon content in the material, stabilization of carbon atoms as non-chromium carbides by the addition of titanium, niobium or zirconium, local solution-heat-treatment by laser beam, etc. These methods, however, are not without drawbacks. Recent grain boundary structure studies have demonstrated that grain boundary phenomena strongly depend on the crystallographic nature and atomic structure of the grain boundary, and that grain boundaries with coincidence site lattices are immune to intergranular corrosion. The concept of "grain boundary design and control", which involves a desirable grain boundary character distribution, has been developed as grain boundary engineering. The feasibility of grain boundary engineering has been demonstrated mainly by thermomechanical treatments. In the present study, a thermomechanical treatment was tried to improve the resistance to the sensitization by grain boundary engineering. A type 304 austenitic stainless steel was pre-strained and heat-treated, and then sensitized, varying the parameters (pre-strain, temperature, time, etc.) during the thermomechanical treatment. The grain boundary character distribution was examined by orientation imaging microscopy. The intergranular corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation and ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid tests. The sensitivity to intergranular corrosion was reduced by the thermomechanical treatment and indicated a minimum at a small roll-reduction. The frequency of coincidence-site-lattice boundaries indicated a maximum at a small strain. The ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test showed much smaller corrosion rate in the thermomechanically-treated specimen than in the base material. An excellent intergranular corrosion resistance was obtained by a small strain annealing at a relatively low temperature for long time. The optimum parameters created a uniform distribution of a high frequency of coincidence site lattice boundaries in the specimen where corrosive random boundaries were isolated. The results suggest that the thermomechanical treatment can introduce low energy segments in the grain boundary network by annealing twins and can arrest the percolation of intergranular corrosion from the surface.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2006

이축압출기를 이용한 용융혼련으로 제조한 기상성장 탄소섬유(Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber, VGCF) 충전 폴리페닐렌설파이드(polyphenylene sulfide, PPS) 복합체외 VGCF 함량에 따른 전기적, 유변학적 특성을 살펴보았다. 복합체의 파단면 모폴로지 관찰결과, 본 방법은 PPS 매트릭스 내에 VGCF를 균일하게 분산시키는데 있어서 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. $5\;wt\%$, VGCF 혼입까지는 미충전 PPS와 거의 유사한 전기적 성질과 유변학적 거동을 보였으며 $10\;wt\%$로 VGCF의 혼입양을 증가시켰을 때 현저한 도전성 발현 및 점도 상승, 탄성률의 주파수 무의존성 등 유변학절 성질의 변동이 관찰되었다. 고충전 PPS계에서의 탄성률의 주파수 무의존성은 복합체 내에서의 VGCF의 네트워크 형성으로 인한 건으로 추정되며, 이는 전기적 성질뿐만 아니라 유변학적 성질의 측정결과로부터 복합체 내의 도전성 네트워크의 형성을 확인할 수 있음을 보여준다.