• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.251-261
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• 2004

This study investigated the differences between mothers and children in their gender-role attitudes and their perceptions on gender-role socialization. The data was collected from 167 6th graders and their mothers in Seoul. Boy's gender-role attitude was found significantly different from that of mothers while girl's gender-role attitude was more consistent with that of mothers than boys. In their perceptions on gender-role socialization, mothers reported that they emphasized both feminine and masculine behavior for their children. However, children reported that their mother emphasized feminine behavior for girls and masculine behavior for boys.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.417-425
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to investigate stress, coping and social support of mothers of children with seizure disorders, and to identify the relationship between these variables. Method: The participants were 105 mothers of children with seizure disorders. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include stress, coping and social support. The data were analyzed using the SAS program. Result: Stress of mothers was significantly different according to number of times the child had been hospitalized and the mothers perception of the state of the child's health. Coping by mothers was significantly different according to religion, general health state and if mother knew the child's diagnosis. Social support for mothers was significantly different according to education level, monthly medical expenses and number of times the child had been hospitalized. Social support for mothers was correlated with stress and coping. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that coping in mothers of children with seizure disorder is related to social support. Therefore nursing interventions to reduce stress and improve coping should be provided for mothers of children with seizure disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2006

Purpose：The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between mothers' oral health knowledge level and oral health behavior and their children,s oral health behavior. Methods：The subjects in this study were 980 mothers and their children of fourth grade, fifth grade and sixth grade in an elementary school in Daegu city, Korea. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire from 26 June to 30 June, 2006. Collected data were analyzed into frequency, One-Way ANOVA, T-test, and correlation analysis using SPSS 10.0 program. Results：First, the mothers, oral health knowledge was significantly associated with their children,s perception of benefit, seriousness and barrier. Second, the mothers, oral health behavior was significantly associated with their children,s frequency of toothbrushing and visiting at dental care facility. Third, the mothers, toothbrushing frequency was significantly associated with their children,s toothbrushing frequency. Fourth, the mother's visiting at dental care facility were significantly associated with their children's visiting at dental care facility. Conclusion：The mothers, oral health knowledge was significantly associated with oral health belief of their children and the mothers, oral health behavior was significantly associated with oral health behavior of their children. Consequently it was necessary to encourage mothers and their children to take part in oral health education programs and oral health projects.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2005

This research is to compare the infant's temperament and parenting stress perceived by premature infants' mother and full-term infants' mother. It aims at establishing the healthy relationship between mothers and infants. It investigates the basic data of nursing intervention program to help the mother of premature infant. The period of data collection was from May 1, 2005 to May 30, 2005, and the subjects were total 123 mothers: 44 mothers of premature infants and 79 mothers of full-term infants under 6 months who visited general hospitals, individual pediatrics, and health center located in G city. "What My Baby Is Like(WBL)" developed by Pridham, Chang, and Chiu(1994) and translated by Bang Kyeong Sook(1999) was used as a measuring instrument of infants' temperament, and Parenting Stress Index (PSI) developed by Abidin(1990) and revised and complemented by Kim Dong Hee(1997) was used as a measuring instrument of parenting stress. Collected Data were analyzed through $X^2$-test, t-test, Pearson's correlation with SPSS 12.0 window program. The results are as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in the infant's temperament perceived by premature infants' mothers and full-term infants' mothers (t=-4.08, p=.00). In subcategory, there were significant difference between premature infants' mother and full-term infants' mother in geniality(t=-3.62, p=.00), adaptation(t=-3.43, p=.00) and reaction(t=-2.01, p=.05). 2. There was a significant difference in parenting stress between premature infants' mother and full-term infants' mother(t=6.57, p=.00). The parenting stress of premature infants mothers appeared to be higher than full-term infants' mothers. They showed the higher stress in the mother-child relationship area(t=6.27, p=.00) and child area(t=7.38, p=.00) among 3 areas of parenting stress. 3. There were negative correlation between infants' temperament and parenting stress. As mothers perceived the infant's temperament negatively, the parenting stress. Especially, the negative correlation of infants' temperament and parenting stress of premature infants' mothers(r=-.44) was stronger than that of full-term infants' mothers(r=-37). From the research, as mothers of premature infants receive more stress, their stress can cause the serious problem to the relationship of the mother and the infant. Therefore, the nursing intervention should be carried out in order to change the negative perception of mothers towards their infants into the positive perception reduce the parenting stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.627-637
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• 2014

This study explored the product attributes Vietnamese mothers consider for the purchase of children's wear, the differences of product attributes between groups with different levels of conspicuous consumption, and the extent to which the Korean wave affects the purchasing behavior of children's wear brands. The results are as follows. First, the product attribute that Vietnamese mothers consider most when purchasing children's clothes is the comfort in physical activities. Fabric type and quality, sizing and fit, durability, color, child suitability, design, cutting and construction, price, fashionability, and maintenance and laundering are the other attributes (respectively) that influence the purchase of children's wear. Second, the high conspicuous consumption group considers brand, maintenance and laundering, durability, the reactions of others, and fashionability significantly more than the low conspicuous consumption group. Third, the purchase intention of Korean children's wear brands is affected by the perception of the Korean wave than the influence of the reference group or the tendency of conspicuous consumption. The results show that low prices and practicality were important considerations for children's clothing purchases by Vietnamese mothers; however, brand name and fashionability were more powerful predictors for the high conspicuous consumption group. Those with a high perception of the Korean wave also had a higher intention of Korean children's wear brand, which is indicative of the halo effect of the Korean wave. Thus, Korean children's wear brands that plan to enter the Vietnamese market should make active use of the Korean wave.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.517-524
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to provide basic contents which are based on the appropriate understanding, use, and information of smart devices for young children. The researcher surveyed mothers regarding the effects of their children's development as a result of using smart devices. A survey of 134 mothers with three to five-year-old children currently attending daycare centers or kindergartens was carried out. By using SPSS 18.0, the collected data of survey results was implemented via t-test and F verification. Study findings are as follows: First, the result of the survey analysis indicated that most mothers perceived that using smart devices did not heavily influence their child's development. Second, the mothers' perception was varied depending on whether it was their child's the first time using smart devices, the mother's education level, and on the mother's employment situation. However, there was no difference of perception in regards to gender. The results of this study suggest the necessity of parental intervention and prevention of side effect of children 's smart device use and parent education program.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.77-96
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• 2005

Maternal personality, creative personality, and parenting self-efficacy were included in mothers' characteristics. Participants were 89 gifted and 147 non-gifted preschool children and their mothers. Instruments were the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking(Torrance, 1984; 김영채, 2002), Revised NEO-Personality Inventory(Costa & MaCrae, 1992), What Kind of Person Are You Scale of the Khatena-Torrance Creative Perception Inventory(Khatena & Torrance, 1976; 김영채, 2004), and Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale(최형성 & 정옥분, 2001). Results showed Disciplined Imagination of gifted preschoolers' mothers influenced children's Abstractness of Creativity, General Parenting Ability influenced Originality of Creativity, and Learning Guidance Ability influenced Abstractness of Titles of Creativity. Regarding non-gifted children, the Neuroticism, Acceptance of Authority and General Parenting Ability of mothers selectively influenced children's Abstractness and Elaborativeness of Creativity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.53-65
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• 2000

This study is for examining the differences of perceived stresses and family strengths between the parents according to socio-demographic backgrounds(age, educational level, income and the degree of disorder) of the parents having mentally retarded children. The results were as follows. First, in the overall perceived stress level, there was no difference between fathers and mothers, but when compared in stress areas, fathers experience more distresses in general interpersonal areas than mothers. Fathers also shows differences according to the degrees of their income and their perception about disorder compared with mothers showing differences according to the degree of income. Second, there were no differences in family strengths perceived by both fathers and mothers, but were significant differences according to the level of education and income. Another words, higher the education and income level, higher is their family strengths level. Third, there were positive correlations between the perceived stresses and family strengths, and significant differences in family strengths according to the stress level(higher/lower part of the group). In other words, when the perceived stress level is high, the level of perceived family strengths is low.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.21-40
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• 1999

Path analysis was used to determine variables influencing the self-esteem of 222 4th, 5th, and 6th grade children in law-income families. The children and their mothers responded to questionnaires on self-esteem, child psychological traits, mother psychological characteristics, economic hardship, and child rearing practices. Mothers' warmth-acceptance child rearing behavior was facilitating of children's self-esteem. However, mothers' economic stress had an indirect impact via their depression on decrease in the warmth-acceptance variable. Permissive-nonintervention child rearing behavior decreased the level of children's self-esteem. However, mothers' depression and marital confilct(??) deriving from economic stress increased both rejection-restriction and permissive-nonintervention styles of child rearing. Mothers who experienced much stress due to economic hardship influnced(??) children's perception of their family's poverty and thereby lowered their children's self-esteem.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.311-320
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the factors associated with a mothers' caring behavior in health promotion of children with disabilities. Methods: Data were collected by using self-reported questionnaires from 371 mothers who had a 3-12 year old child with a disability from July 14 to 31, 2008. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the SPSS program. Results: There were significant differences on the mothers' caring behavior according to children's negative and hyperactive behavior, mothers' perceived burden, parenting efficacy, and social support. Children's characteristics explained 5.1% of mothers' caring behavior. The power of explanation ($R^2$) was 16.6% by adding mother's characteristics including mother's job, burden, parenting efficacy, satisfaction and stigma, and increased to 23.5% by adding social support. Conclusion: These results showed that mothers' caring behavior for their children's health promotion could be influenced by children's behavior problems, mothers' perception of burden, parenting efficacy, and social support. It suggests that health promotion programs for children with disabilities should focus on lowering subjective burden and enhancing mother's efficacy as a type of social support.