• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.177-196
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to explore the antecedent factors and process of the treatment-seeking behaviors of medical and alternative treatments in patients with arthritis using methodological triangulation. The data were collected from 995 arthritic patients who were registered either in a center of rheumatology for medical treatment or residents of community having no treatment to classify different treatment patterns. Sixteen patients with various types of treatment only, alternative treatment only, and no treatment were selected among the total samples to identify the antecedent factors through in-depth interview. The quantitative data were analyzed by percentile, t-test, chi-square test and discrimant analysis using SAS PC program, while the qualitative data were analyzed by means of grounded theory methodology. Treatment-seeking behaviors of patients change from the early stage to the sick-role stage. At the early stage, initial characteristics of pain and acculturation of medical professionalism affect the choice of treatment patterns. The acculturation of medical professionalism is affected by health care accessibility, level of education, duration of sickness and lay referral system. At the sick-role stage, lay referral system and acculturation of medical professionalism affect the choice of treatment patterns. The acculturation of medical professionalism is affected by characteristics of symtoms, perceived treatment effects, perceived causes of diseases and socio-economic status as well as health care accessibility, level of education and lay referral system. In conclusion, different factors as well as common factors are influencing the treatment-seeking behaviors depending on the disease and treatment stages. More detailed further studies are required to explore the value system or medical acculturation of patients which is one of the most important factors in decision-making about treatment modalities.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.43-57
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze a relationship of adolescent's leisure's type, daily life stress, and studying immersion in middle school students. Subjects were 200 middle school students. Instrumentation were questionnaires from the leisure's type scale, daily life stress scale, and studying immersion scale. Data analysis was by mean, percentile, oneway-ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. The major findings of this study were as follow; First, there was a significant difference between adolescent's leisure's type and daily life stress. Second, there was a significant difference between adolescent's leisure's type and studying immersion. Third, there was a positive or negative relation among adolescent's leisure's type, daily life stress, and studying immersion. Fourth, studying and family problem in daily life stress, and educational oriented leisure in adolescent's leisure type was the most predicting variable in adolescent's studying immersion.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.153-167
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• 2011

This study analyzed changes in postpartum depression in mothers from one month after childbirth to the first year using panel data collected overtime, in an effort to determine the relationship between the amount of change and child-rearing system variables. The subjects were 1097 mothers who belonged to both the lower and upper $30^{th}$ percentile groups in the depression change distribution of the 2008 Korean Children Panel Study (PSKC), a large, population-based study conducted by the Korea Institute of Childcare and Education. The data were analyzed by t-tests, $x^2$ tests, partial correlation coefficient analyses and regression analyses. The results are summarized as follows: First, the mothers' postpartum depression showed a significant increase during the first year as opposed to the first month after birth. Second, after controlling for socio-demographical variables of the mothers, the changes related to depression showed a positive relationship with child-rearing stress, and the child's emotional temperament, but showed a negative relationship with the mother's self-esteem, the child's birth order, and the father's participation in child-rearing activities. Third, variables having a significant effect on changes in postpartum depression were the mother's self-esteem and child-rearing stress, the child's age in months, and social support. Variables pertaining to the mother's characteristics variables had a more powerful effect than other child-rearing system variable categories. The results suggest the necessity to develop a parental education program or a mother-child health service in consideration of the variables that affect mothers, as determined in this study, in an effort to prevent postpartum depression.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.1 s.94
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

This study accomplished to grasp the present condition of HAPs and to examine efficiently carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects through health risk assessment in new apartments from June, 2004 to May,2005. Moreover, we performed uncertainty analysis by Monte-Carlo analysis to control uncertainty of exposure factors. The major results obtained from this study were as follows. Firstly, cancer risk of formaldehyde for male was $1.67{\times}10^{-5}$ in CTE in point estimation. Cancer risk of formaldehyde was showed $2.94{\times}10^{-3}$ in RME that applied worst case used results of 95 percentile in point estimation. It exceeds $10^{-6}$ of guide line in US EPA. Moreover, cancer risks of formaldehyde for female were $3.98{\times}10^{-5}$ in CTE and $3.93{\times}10^{-3}$ RME. Secondly, every hazard index for non-carcinogenic pollutants was less than 1 of permitted standards in CTE. However, in RME of male, hazard indexes of 1,2-Dichloropropane and Toluene were 1.3 and 2.0, respectively. Hazard indexes of 1,2-Dichloropropane and Totuene for female in RME were 1.7 and 2.6, respectively.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.45-65
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the life satisfaction of a single household head. This study examined the life satisfaction level of the single household head and analyzed the contributing factors. Data for this study were from the 7th KLIPS (7th Korea Labor and Income Panel Study), and the sample. consisted of 241 single household heads (including 83 male household single heads and 158 female single household heads). The statistics used for the analysis were frequencies, percentile, means, standardization, ANOVA, and multiple regression. The results were as follows. First, 53% of the household heads were due to their spouses' death, 34% of the household heads were single due to divorce, and 13% were single for other reasons. The average age of a single household head was 51 years, and the average education level of a single household head was 9.7 years and 70% of the single household heads were employed. Approximately 46% of the single household heads lived in small-and medium-sized cities. Second, the level of satisfaction with income, leisure, and residence of the single household head was lower than the middle level (3.0 points), while the level of satisfaction with family relationships, relatives, and social relationships was higher than the middle level (3.0 points). Third, there were differences in the life satisfaction level of single household heads in accordance with the single household head's marriage status, residence, recognition of health status, and current financial situation. Finally, significant variables contributing to the life satisfaction level of the single household head were gender, educational level, residence, monthly total income, satisfaction level of leisure, and family relationships. The most influential variable was the residence.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.115-130
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to examine the variables which influence old widows' life satisfaction. The subjects were 318 old widows over sixty years old in Kwangju. The data were taken by questionaires and analyzed by frequency distribution, percentile, AHOVA, scheffes test and multiple regression. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) The majority of old widows were low educated and 36.2% were poor in health. Their living aspect that they live together with their married child was 74.2%. Degree of participation in social activities was very low. 42% were satisfied or very satisfied with their pocket money. 76.4% had religions. 25.5% had no old friend. Solidarity with their children was generally good. In their economical status, 8.4% of living together with married children were low while 35.3% of living separately were. 60% thought that they were important person at home. 35.5% answered that they were satisfied with their living condition and 6% were very satisfied. 2) The variables which affect the old widows' life satisfaction were age(p<0.05), state of health(p<0.001), degree of pocket money(p<0.01), economical status(p<0.05), roles at home(p<0.01), solidarity among their relatives(p<0.001), solidarity with their children(p<0.001), status in home(p<0.001) participation in social activities(p<0.05) and existence of old friend(p<0.01). 3) The significant orders which affect the old widow's life satisfaction were satus in home first of all (β=0.26, p<0.001), objective solidarity with their children(β=0.21, p<0.001), subjuctive solidarity with their children(β=0.19, p<0.01), state of health (β=0.15, p<0.01) and economical status who living with married child (β=0.15, p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.259-264
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• 2017

Birth weight of a new born baby provides very important information in evaluating many clinical issues such as fetal growth restriction. This paper analyzes birth weight data of babies born in Korea from 2011 to 2013, and it shows that there is a biologically implausible distribution of birth weights in the data. This implies that some errors may be generated in the data collection process. In particular, this paper analyzes the relationship between gestational period and birth weight, and it is shown that the birth weight data mostly of gestational periods from 28 to 32 weeks have noticeable errors. Therefore, this paper employs the finite Gaussian mixture model to classify the collected data points into two classes: non-corrupted and corrupted. After the classification the paper removes data points that have been predicted to be corrupted. This adjustment scheme provides more natural and medically plausible percentile values of birth weights for all the gestational periods.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.505-520
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• 2011

This study is aimed to examine the change on extreme precipitation events in South Korea. The country is divided into six basins, and seven extreme precipitation indices-related to heavy rainfall are analyzed at sixty weather stations. The increasing trend in amount of heavy rainfall is more stable than that in days of heavy rainfall. The increasing trend is the most stable when days of rainfall are more than 50 mm, or rainfall is over the 95th percentile. The precipitation indices-related to heavy rainfall was mostly increasing during analysis period. Especially, basins of the Han river, the upper Nakdong river, and the Eastern coast show significantly increasing trends compared to the other basins. However, the increasing trends of the Geum river and the Seomjin river are not statistically significant. Heavy rainfall events had stably increased in the Han and the Nakdong rivers since the mid-1970s. However, the number of stably increasing regions has decreased since the mid-2000s. It means that the frequency and intensity of the recent heavy rainfall become more irregular.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

This study investigated the effect of nutritional improvement of 1-5 year children participated in NutriPlus program. The program was carried out at Public health Center, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon from March 2009 to April 2011. The subjects were selected among applicants for low-income family financing of the government and included 90 children and their parents. they were divided into 2 groups (less than 6 months and more than 6 months of participation in the study). We analyzed the effects of NutriPlus program and nutrition education in both study groups. The results of this study were summarized as follows: The number of children with less than 10th percentile in height and weight and weight for height was decreased. The anemia prevalence rate was reduced from 64.4% to 8.9%. NAR value of subjects increased for energy, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C. The education program improved knowledge and attitude of the parents. In nutrition knowledge according to the income level, there were greater changes in the group of less than 100% compared to the subsistence. In nutrition attitude according to the education level, there were greater changes in the group of middle school graduates than in high school graduates or college graduates. There were no difference between less than 6 months group and more than 6 months group in improvement of hemoglobin level, anthropometric data and nutrients intakes. Based on these results, we conclude that providing supplementary food to children and nutrition education brought positive effects on growth of the children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.216-225
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the associations between obesity and the children's Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and to further examine the relationships between NQ and mini dietary assessment (MDA) of their parents. Methods: The subjects were 355 children aged 3 to 5 years and their parents in Dongducheon. We collected parental-reported NQ questionnaires for children and MDA of parents. Anthropometric measurements, height, weight and BMI by BIA were measured in children. Overweight and obesity were determined according to age- and sex-specific BMI percentile from the 2007 Korean national growth chart. Statistical analyses consisted of the chi-squared test, ANOVA, partial correlations and logistic regression analysis adjustments for parents BMI. Results: Approximately 20.8% of preschool children were classified as overweight or obese. Underweight children showed a significantly higher score for balance than overweight children. The NQ of the children was $61.9{\pm}11.6$, and NQ scores and their parents' MDA did not exhibit any significant differences according to degree of obesity. After adjusting for parent's BMI, children's BMI was significantly correlated with balance and moderation among NQ factors. Parent's MDA showed significant correlation with their children's NQ, balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, practice and NQ grade, except for diversity of father. Additionally, NQ grade had a significantly increased (150.1%) odds ratio (OR) of being overweight (95% CI 1.008-2.234). Conclusions: These results show that NQ for children is influenced by their parents' MDA and BMI. Furthermore, our findings support the association between overweight prevention and improvement of NQ grade among preschool children.