• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1435-1443
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• 2016

This study evaluated the sanitary state of seawater and shellfish in Yeoja bay from January 2014 to June 2016. The sampling stations for sanitary survey in Yeoja Bay was composed of 50 stations for seawater and 4 stations for ark shell and the samples have been collected monthly at a stated date. The total and fecal coliforms in seawater and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in shellfish were investigated as sanitary indicator bacteria, respectively. The geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile ranges of total and fecal coliforms for seawater were <1.8-3.9, <1.8-2.6 and <1.8-29.7, <1.8-9.3 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The range of E. coli levels for ark shell were <20~330 MPN/100 g. The sanitary state in Yeoja bay was evaluated clean area according Korea criteria and conditionally approved area according US criteria and Class B area according EU criteria.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.141-155
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sole of local newspaper for community development in Korea. Specific objectives of the study were : 1) to identify the role of local newspaper in community development, 2) to analyze problems and situations on local newspapers in Korea, and 3) to suggest desirable roles of local newspaper for the community development. To attain the above objectives, this study was carried out through literature review, contest analysis of selected local newspapers, and the questionnaire survey of selected readers of local newspaper. The data were collected from 267 readers of local newspaper who participated in the farmers` training session in the Rural Development Administration, by using questionnaires developed by the researcher, and total of 263 questionnaires were analyzed. The statistical techniques used for the study were frequence, percentile, standard deviation utilizing the $SPSS/PC^+$. The major findings of the study were as follows : 1. The major roles of functions of local newspapers identified in this study were summarized as to reinforce the community consciousness, to form community opinion, to watch and to monitor community environment, to provide education and entertainment, and to contribute to the conveyance and promotion of community culture. 2. The general characteristic of local newspaper readers surveyed were; a) average distance from town to their village was 9.3 Km, b) average age was 29 years, c) about 75% of them were senior high school graduates, and d) about 96% of them participated in group activities. 3. About 45% of the respondents used television or radio for their moor sources of local news were TV or radio, while about 31% respondents used immunity newspaper for their moor sources of local news. About 67% of the respondents kept their readership over two years, and about 40% of them read community newspaper regularly at their home. 4. The results of content analysis showed drat the local newspapers were dealing with articles on cultural affairs, community consciousness, administrative and civic affairs, however, there were not enough educational news, and various kinds of general news in the community. 5. Survey also showed the most needed news were ; 1) political news including administrative and civic affairs, 2) economic news including sales and distribution, 3) social news including social problems on environmental pollution and community development works, 4) educational news including technology and information, 5) cultural news including guide to cultural and historical sites and local brief news. 6. In the evaluation of local newspaper, the readers were generally positive in valued roles of local newspaper in community relations, community development, promoting community cohesion and understanding of community members, and about 40% of the respondents were positive in predicting the bright future perspectives of local newspapers. 7. In the readers` evaluation of local newspaper, readers responded that local newspapers were very closely related to the community and residents, reflecting the current concerns of local population and recognizing the value of community media, and the contents of local newspaper were positively related to daily lives of community residents and opinions of overall community.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the species composition and its abundance in the heap of compost, wild-grass, and sewer. 1,525 individuals were collected from 11th July, 2000 to 3rd August, 2000 at the 108 sites. They encompassed 3 families, 4 genera and 6-8 species. Species composition and its percentile abundance were as follows: Eisenia fetida 86.2%, Aporectodea trapezoides 0.5%, Amynthas hilgendorfi 1.1%, Amyntha agrestis 2.8%, A. koreanus group 6.3%, Drawida sp. 17%, Others 1.4fo in the compost heap, Eisenia fetida 9.8%, Aporectodea trapezoides 9.1%, Amynthas hilgendorfi 12.1%, Amyntha agrestis 25.1%, A. koreanus group 27.8%, Drawida sp 2.8%, Others 13.2% in the wild-grass and Eisenia fetida 24.2%, Aporectodea trapezoides 5.4%, Amynthas hilgendorfi 10.2%, Amyntha agrestis 5.4%, A. koreanus group 26.3%, Drawida sp 1.6%, Others 22.6% in the sewer.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2011

Objective: To determine the age specific serum anti-M$\ddot{u}$llerian hormone (AMH) reference values in Korean women with regular menstruation. Methods: Between May, 2010 and January, 2011, the serum AMH levels were evaluated in a total of 1,298 women who have regular menstrual cycles aged between 20 and 50 years. Women were classified into 6 categories by age: 20-31 years, 32-34 years, 35-37 years, 38-40 years, 41-43 years, above 43 years. Measurement of serum AMH was measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results: The serum AMH levels correlated negatively with age. The median AMH level of each age group was 4.20 ng/mL, 3.70 ng/mL, 2.60 ng/mL, 1.50 ng/mL, 1.30 ng/mL, and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. The AMH values in the lower 5th percentile of each age group were 1.19 ng/mL, 0.60 ng/mL, 0.42 ng/mL, 0.27 ng/mL, 0.14 ng/mL, and 0.10 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: This study determined reference values of serum AMH in Korean women with regular menstruation. These values can be applied to clinical evaluation and treatment of infertile women.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to assess the dietary exposure to mercury and the associated risks for Koreans resulting from their food intake. The probabilistic approach in the Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate dietary exposures. Based on several reports regarding heavy metals published by KFDA in the 2000s, 178 types of representative foods were selected and data were collected on the occurrence of mercury. The contents of mercury in foods ranged: agricultural products 0.1 (fruits)-45.4 ${\mu}g/kg$ (mushrooms), 3.7 ${\mu}g/kg$ (meat), and 9.3 (Echinodermata, chordata)-194.9 ${\mu}g/kg$ (fish). Others categories investigated were alcoholic beverages (0.7 ${\mu}g/kg$) and processed food (4.4 ${\mu}g/kg$). The mean and 95th percentile for exposure to dietary mercury were 4.29 and 12.48 ${\mu}g/day$, corresponding to 13.6% and 39.7% of PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake), respectively. Therefore, overall level of mercury exposure for Koreans through food intake is below levels recommended by JECFA, indicating the least possibility of risk, and is less than or similar to levels reported in other countries.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.4
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• pp.360-370
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• 2013

When best-effort traffic users are supported in a downlink small-cell network, conventional schemes assign the channels experiencing low co-channel interference at each base station and provide a better downlink performance to the user near its serving base station, so that conventional schemes are not suitable to fairly support all users. In this paper, we propose a decentralized frequency reuse scheme for a small-cell network, where each basestation chooses a set of channels to fairly support the best-effort traffic users regardless of the distances to their serving basestation. After performing the conventional scheme that each basestation selects the channels which are not used in its adjacent basestations, it updates assigned channels improving the performance of low throughput users in a fully distributed manner with mitigating the overall throughput performance loss. The computer simulation demonstrates that the average throughput performance of the 10th percentile throughput users is improved up to 15% in some case compared to that of the conventional scheme, while allowing the overall throughput loss around 3%.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.291-303
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• 1996

Generally fairytales are recognized as very effective educational materials. However, some of them includes negative prejudices on stepparents, especially stepmother. These contents are very harmful to development and adjustment of children in remarried families. Moreover, not so many studies have been done that even the results were insufficient to not only practical but also academical needs. Therefore this study purposed to investigate the parent -and stepparent- figures perceived by children with the knowledge about the related fairytales. Specific research problems are as follows; 1. How many children do know the contents of the 4 related fairytales such as Snow Whit, Sindellera, Kongjui Patjui and Changwha Honglyun? 2. What are the parent -figures perceived by the children with the knowledge about the 4 traditional fairytales? 3. What are the stepparent- figures of the subjects? 4. Is the children's sex the statistically significant variable in their parent -and stepparent- figures? 5. Is the children's age the statistically significant variable in their parent -and stepparent- figures? 6. Is the their parents' educational level the statistically significant variable in their parent -and stepparent- figures? 175 boys and girls of age -9 and- 11 were selected from 2 primary schools in Seoul. All of them were from normal families. As the steadyselling books, 18 fairytales were chosen by 7 booksellers of large scale bookstores in Seoul. And then by 10 teachers and 10 literay persons, 4 Korean and foreign traditional fairytales were seleced at last. The questionaire of 5 subareas was developed and used as the research tools, in which include 40 items. SPSS/pc program were used for data analysis for frequency, percentile, mean, and t-test. The followings are the findings with cronbach α=.80 and .94 parent -and stepparent- figures respectively. 1)The contents of the 4 tradional fairytales were read already or wellknown, even if the children who didn't. 2)The subjects showed very positive their own parent-figures such as sweet, lovely, reliable, and true or good person. 3)The subjects showed very negative stepparent-figures in contrast. 4)They showed significant sex difference(p<0.5) in their own parent-figures. And girls were more positive than boys who were a little more positive(on insignifficant level) than girls in stepmother-figures. 5)All the subjects had positive parent-figures and negative stepparent-figures. 6)Their parents education level was no significant variable in the prediction of their parent -and stepparent- figures.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2002

To estimate annual pollutant loading rate of n-hexane extractable material (HEM) to soil 84 sewage sludge samples were analyzed. The average content of HEM was 27.7$\pm$26.5 g/kg, and ranged from 1.05 to maximum 194 g/kg. According to the number of population of the city the areas were classified as five regions, i.e. big, large, middle, small, and rural area in which the waste water treated plants were grown. The contents of HEM were 22.7$\pm$16.7, 33.3$\pm$25.8, 22.0$\pm$8.7, 31.0$\pm$38.8, 27.7$\pm$25.1 g/kg, in big, large, middle, small, and rural area, respectively. The applicated areas with sewage sludge to land also were divided as 4 sites by US EPA criteria such as agricultural, forest, public contact sites, and reclamation site. The quantitation of annual pollutant loading rate was estimated using a function (99 percentile concentration = $\bar{X}$ + 3$\sigma$) when the application amounts were in dosages of 7,000, 26,000, 18,000, 74,000 kg/ha in 5 regions, respectively. The annual pollutant loading rate of HEM to soil by sewage sludge application was maximum 1,032, 3,832, 2,653, and 10,908 kg/ha in agricultural, forest, public contact sites, and reclamation site, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2012

Yoga has been known to have stimulatory or inhibitory effects on the metabolic parameters and to be uncomplicated therapy for obesity. The purpose of the present study was to test the effect of an 8-week of yoga-asana training on body composition, lipid profile, and insulin resistance (IR) in obese adolescent boys. Twenty volunteers with body mass index (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile were randomly assigned to yoga (age $14.7{\pm}0.5$ years, n=10) and control groups (age $14.6{\pm}1.0$ years, n=10). The yoga group performed exercises three times per week at 40~60% of heart-rate reserve (HRR) for 8 weeks. IR was determined with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). After yoga training, body weight, BMI, fat mass (FM), and body fat % (BF %) were significantly decreased, and fat-free mass and basal metabolic rate were significantly increased than baseline values. FM and BF % were significantly improved in the yoga group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Total cholesterol (TC) was significantly decreased in the yoga group (p<0.01). HDL-cholesterol was decreased in both groups (p<0.05). No significant changes were observed between or within groups for triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Our findings show that an 8-week of yoga training improves body composition and TC levels in obese adolescent boys, suggesting that yoga training may be effective in controlling some metabolic syndrome factors in obese adolescent boys.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2002

Purpose : Proper diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis that may cause chronic diseases in childhood is not easy because its signs and symptoms would be nonspecific. Because results of classical throat culture delays for one to two days, we'd like to determine whether early antibiotics would be introduced with according to the clinical score system. This study was undertaken to evaluate of clinical usefulness of scoring system based on the clinical and laboratory findings. Methods : From Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2000, 10 clinical items based on modified 9 items by Breese in 1977 were checked in patients with pharyngitis who visited on outpatients clinic of pediatrics, Kyunghee University Hospital. We compared the results of throat culture with the points of clinical score system. Results : Out of 45 cases, the positive culture for Group A Streptococcus was 20 and negative culture was 25. When we applied more than 30 points of score, which correspond to 70 percentile of study population, the sensitivity and specificity were 35.0% and 96.0%, respectively. Conclusion : Although sensitivity was relatively low this scoring system, but the high specificity may be useful diagnostic tool in the areas where the rate of isolation of Group A Streptococcus is low.