• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.193-201
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the immediate postoperative nutritional status and calorie adequacy on clinical outcomes in liver transplant recipients. Methods: A total number of 99 patients who received liver transplants were recruited from a tertiary university hospital. Demography, subjective global assessment, clinical outcomes and calorie adequacy were evaluated through personal interviews, electronic medical records and dietary records. Anthropometric measures, body mass index and percent of ideal body weight were also obtained. Results: At admission to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), the triceps skinfold thickness and mid-arm muscle circumference were significantly lower in the malnourished group than in the well-nourished group (p<.05, respectively). In the clinical outcomes, transfusion of red blood cells, mechanically ventilated hours, length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), length of stay in the hospital, and prothrombin time were significantly higher in the malnourished group than in the well-nourished group (p<.05, respectively). The mechanically ventilated hour was significantly higher in the group with less than 50% of their required energy intake (p<.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it is important to assess the nutritional status of immediate postoperative patients. Furthermore, studies on nutritional interventions are urgently needed to provide adequate nutritional care for patients in ICUs.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.362-374
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of overestimation of their own body shape on weight control behaviors, mental condition, physical activity, dietary behavior, health-related quality of life, and nutritional status among young Korean females. Methods: A total of 1,514 women aged 20-39 years who are not pregnant and lactating among those who participated in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010~2011), were analyzed and grouped into underestimation (n=120), normal estimation (NE, n=840), and overestimation (OE, n=554), based on their body perception compared to actual percent ideal body weights. Variables were compared between OE group and NE group. Results: The subjects in OE group were significantly younger (29.5 vs. 30.5 years, respectively p < 0.05) and had lower body mass index (20.9 vs. 22.2 respectively, p < 0.01), health-related quality of life measured by EQ-5D (EuroQol-5 Dimension)(0.97 vs. 0.98 respectively, p < 0.05), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of protein (0.91 vs. 0.93 respectively, p < 0.05), phosphorous (0.93 vs. 0.96 respectively, p < 0.05), and iron (0.70 vs. 0.75 respectively, p < 0.01), and index of nutrition quality (INQ) of iron (0.84 vs. 0.89 respectively, p < 0.05) compared to those in the NE group. The results of logistic regression showed that unmarried status (OR 1.32; 1.01~1.72) and severely underweight/underweight status (OR 1.94; 1.01~3.75)/(OR 1.81; 1.34~2.45) were significantly related to the probability of overestimation by the subjects. Significantly more women in OE group practiced fasting, skipping meals, and taking prescribed pills to lose body weights and had skipped breakfast compared to those in the NE group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that the Korean young women's distorted perception of own body shape may be associated with undesirable weight control behavior, low quality of life, and lower nutritional status. Therefore, nutrition education for this group should include information on correct body shape perception and its importance.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determined the converge effects of weight-bearing exercise on lumbar, femur neck BMD and body compositions in intellectual disabilities and normal men. Nineteen men were participated for this study, they are divided into two groups(intellectual disabilities, n=9, and normal men, n=10). All subjects are accomplished on weight-bearing exercise (music rope-jumping) program for 60 minutes a day, 3 days a week throughout 12 weeks. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine differences between and within the intellectual and normal groups for dependent variables. The statistically significant level was set at 0.05. In this study, there were a significant differences on the bone mineral density of lumbar and femur neck level after exercise training in both groups (respectively p<.01, p<.001). Also, I found that there were effectively decreased on body weight, percent of body fat, and BMI levels after exercise training for 12 weeks in both groups (respectively p<.001). Therefore, music rope-jump exercise program may suggested to be one of the ideal training methods for enhancing and the convergence positive effect of bone mineral density and body compositions in intellectual and normal person.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.48-59
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effect of active nutrition care on feeding and nutritional status of elderly patients receiving long-term enteral tube feeding. Methods: Subjects included 77 elderly patients who had received enteral nutrition more than one week before admission. Nutrition care was provided to patients supplied less calories than required. Feeding intolerance was examined and managed every day and formula was adjusted to meet nutritional requirement during the first 3 months after admission. Patients were classified into under or over 80% of percent ideal body weight (PIBW) and medical records were used to compare changes in weight,, biochemical indices, and nutritional status during the study. Results: Weight, BMI, triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were significantly lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW than in those over 80% of the PIBW at admission. The percentage of supply to required calories was also lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW. After 1 month of nutritional care, supplied volume of formula was significantly increased in patients under 80% of the PIBW. Weight, BMI, and PIBW were increased and there were no differences between groups after 6 months. In addition, the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit tended to increase in patients under 80% of the PIBW, leading to no difference between groups after 3 months. Conclusions: Personalized active nutrition care is effective to increase weight and improve feeding and nutritional status in underweight elderly patients receiving long-term enteral nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2001

High serum cholesterol level is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease(CHD). Nutrition therapy of hypocholesterolemic diets with increased physical activity is the essential step in the treatment of the hypercholesterolemic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of intensive dietary therapy combined with regular exercise in lowering serum cholesterol level. Seventy three hypercholesterolemic outpatients(mean: 268.0$\pm$24.7mg/dL), aged 34 to 73(mean: 56$\pm$9.8yrs), who visited cardiology OPD of Yonsei Cardiovascular Center from April through October, 1998 were studied. Anthropometric measurements, usual nutrient intake survey using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and daily nutrient intake analysis were performed. The nutrition counseling for the hypocholesterolemic diet and exercise therapy was performed individually. After a 4 week intensive dietary therapy, comparisons of body weight, nutrient intakes, and blood lipid concentrations were evaluated for the hypocholesterolemic effect of intensive diet therapy. After 4 weeks of intensive diet therapy, significant reductions in percent ideal body weight(p<0.01), saturated fat intake(p<0.01), and cholesterol intake(p<0.01) were observed. There were significant reductions in serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels after 4 weeks of therapy by 8.1%(p<0.01) and 9.7%(p<0.01), respectively. Our results showed that intensive dietary therapy was effective in reductions of serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels. The goal for this dietary modification should not be temporary but rather be permanent in eating behavior accompanied by appropriately increased physical activity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.10 s.200
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate what kinds of foods university students consume, how often they go out eating, and the regularity and amount of their meals. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 600 university student (home with Parents $40.8\%$: house of relatives $5.5\%$: boarding with cooking $43.3\%$: dormitory $10.3\%$). The main results are as follows: PIBW(percent ideal body weight) was under weight($49.2\%$), normal weight($40.7\%$), over weight($6.0\%$) and obese($4.2\%$). Many students had breakfast irregularly(boarding with cooking: $81.2\%$> home with parents: $71.8\%$> dormitory: $54.8\%$> house of relatives: $54.5\%$). Students who had a meal of average size were $32.5\%$(for breakfast), $61.3\%$(for lunch), and $39.5\%$(for dinner). Students who were home with parents and boarding with cooking had more eating for breakfast and lunch than those who were house of relatives and dormitory. Students who were home with parents and dormitory students ate more often milk, milk products, and kimchi than house of relatives and boarding with cooking students. Home with parents, boarding with cooking and dormitory students ate more often meat, milk, bread, fast food, and instant noodles than house of relatives students. Home with parents, house of relatives, and dormitory students ate more often fish, dried anchovy, and vegetables than boarding with cooking students. Dormitory students ate more often snacks, such as alcohol and fruits, than home with parents, house of relatives, and boarding with cooking students.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to grasp the relationship between the amount of physical activities at work perceived by workers and their health promotion behaviors. To achieve such a purpose. this survey was conducted on 476 Workers who work for 3 food product work-sites located in Keong-in area by means of questionnaire from June 15 to July 14 . 1998. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS/WlN. The significant results were obtained as follows. 1. The average scores of the amount of physical activities at work and health promotion behavior were 3.18 and 2.84 respectively; the former was slightly higher than moderate score 2.5 and the latter was almost the same as it. It can be interpreted that workers perceive their physical activities at work are heavier than their daily activities, which seems to make their health promotion behaviors still inactivated. 2. The amount of physical activities at work, it was were greater revealed that the more activities workers do after work. the more they walk and the more exercises they do. It implies that the voluntary practice of good health habit at leisure can be greatly contributed to the activation of more productive activity at work. 3. The amount of health promotion behaviors was larger as workers do more physical activities at work and have lower PIBW(Percent Ideal Body Weight). It means that the voluntary practice of good health habit is closely related to the degree of obesity and their positive attitude toward their work. Average PIBW was 106.71; most of the workers are distributed within the standard range in their weight. So we can presume that most of them are not seriously conscious of weight maintenance in their daily lives. Therefore it is desirable that health promotion program for workers should be developed toward connecting their physical activities at work with those in their daily lives much more. Physical activities, health promotion behaviors

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.186-199
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to investigate dietary habits and biochemical indices according to the obesity index of elementary school students visiting a hospital for diagnosis. The subjects of this study were 150 elementary school students and their mothers. The overweight rates of child subjects were 37.5% for males and 40.9% for females, whereas the rates of underweight children were 35.0% for males and 14.5% for females. Children's obesity index significantly decreased with an increase in the average monthly income of children's families. Children's obesity index, mothers' weights, BMI, and percent ideal body weight were all positively correlated. Blood biochemical values in children (hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, globulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels) and their obesity index also showed positive correlation. For the underweight group, the frequency of iron-deficiency anemia was significantly high, whereas for the overweight group, the frequency of dyslipidemia was high. There was a significant increase in children's obesity index and a decrease in frequency of regular exercise with time spent on the TV/computer. The normal weight group recorded the highest total scores for mothers' nutritional knowledge, whereas the overweight group recorded the lowest total scores. Therefore, to maintain healthy weight in children, nutritional education programs for mothers and children should be developed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 1997

Background : Malnutrition is a common finding in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, especially in the emphysema group. Although the mechanism of malnutrition is not confirmed, it is believed to be a relative deficiency caused by hypermetabolism due to increased energy requirements of the respiratory muscles, rather than a dietary deficiency. Malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not a merely coincidental finding. It is known that the nutritional status correlates with physiologic parameters including pulmonary function, muscular power, and exercise performance, and is one of the important and independent prognostic factors of the disease. Methods : Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Yongdong Severance Hospital from May, 1995 to March, 1996 and age-matched healthy control group were studied. Survey of nutritional intake, anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were done to assess nutritional status. Relationship between nutritional status and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume at one second), which was a significant functional parameter, was assessed. Results : 1) The patient group was consisted of 25 males with mean age of 66.1years and FEV1 of $42{\pm}14%$ of predicted values. The control group was consisted of 26 healthy males with normal pulmonary function, whose mean age was 65.0 years. 2) The ratio of calorie intake/calorie requirement per day was $107{\pm}28%$ in the patient group, and $94{\pm}14%$ in the control group, showing a tendency of more nutritional intake in patient group(B=0.06). 3) There were significant differences between the patient group and control group in percent ideal body weight(92.8% vs 101.6%, p=0.024), body mass index($20.0kg/m^2$ VS $21.9kg/m^2$, p=0.015), and handgrip strength(29.0kg vs 34.3kg, p=0.003). However, there were no significant differences in triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm muscle circumference, albumin, and total lymphocyte count between two groups. Percentage of underweight population was 40%(10/25) in the patient group, and 15%(4/26) in the control group. 4) The percent ideal body weight, triceps skinfold thickness, and mid-arm muscle circumference had significant correlation with FEV1. Conclusion : The patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed significant depletion in nutritional parameters such as body weight and peripheral muscle strength, while absolute amount of dietary intake was not insufficient. Nutritional parameters were well correlated with FEV1.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.121-130
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• 1986

In the Janggun mine, stannite occurs as anhedral grains, up to 500 micrometer in long dimension, closely associated with sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena and rhodochrosite in the periphery of the South ore body. In reflected light, stannite is grayish yellow green in color and exhibits moderate bireflectance and strong anisotropism without any intenal reflections. Reflection; Rmax. =29.0, Rmin. =27.8 percent at a wavelength of 560nm, and VHN; 219~244kg/mm at a 50g load. The chemical composition on the average from 35 spot analyses by electron microprobe is, Cu 28.0, Fe 12.7, Zn 2.9, Mn 0.2, Sn 25.8, S 30.3, sum 99.9 (all in weight percent); the corresponding chemical formula as calculated on the basis of total atoms=8 is, Cu 1.88 Fe 0.97 Zn 0.19 Mn 0.02 Sn 0.93 S 4.01, which fulfills approximately the ideal formula of $Cu_2FeSnS_4$. The strongest reflections on the X-ray diffraction patterns are; $3.10{\AA}$ (10) (112), $2.72{\AA}$ (5) (020, 004), $1.922{\AA}$ (5) (024), $1.642{\AA}$ (3) (132), $1.244{\AA}$ (3) (143, 136, 235), $1.111{\AA}$(3) (244), $0.958{\AA}$ (1) (048, 422), the patterns are identical with those of literature. From the textural evidence of the microscopic observation, the mineral is considered to have been formed at the middle stage of hydrothermal lead-zinc-silver mineralization.