• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.939-947
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• 2010

그리스의 수학자 에우독소스(Eudoxos, BC408~BC355)가 처음으로 사용한 '황금비율(Golden ratio)'은 건축, 예술, 사회, 자연 등 여러 분야에서 아름다움을 표현하는 도구로서 사용되고 있다. 사람의 미를 판단하는 기준으로는 황금비율과 함께 비만(Obesity)이 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 H대학교에 재학중인 학생들을 대상으로 전신, 상반신, 그리고 하반신에 대한 황금비율을 조사하고, 연구에 참여한 학생들의 비만 정도를 조사하기 위하여 비만도(Obesity degree), 복부지방률(Waist-hip ratio)과 체지방률(Percent body fat)을 이용한다. 실험에 참여한 학생들의 특징에 따라 신체의 황금비율과 비만에 대한 차이를 조사하고, 신체에 대한 황금비율이 비만에 미치는 영향을 조사한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of calcium intake on body weight and body fat in female college students. Surveys were conducted using a 3 day dietary record of 248 female university students in Korea. The subjects were divided into three groups by percent body fat. There was no significant difference in energy intake among the three groups. The intake of calcium the obese group was lower than that of other groups but it was not significantly lower. There was a negative correlation between yogurt intake and body fat in the normal group. The study did not discover a correlation between calcium intake and body fat. However, our results might encourage further research in finding a possible role of dietary calcium in the prevention of obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.299-312
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• 1993

Anthropometry, computed tomography(CT) at the umbilical level, nutrient intake, blood pressure, serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins and response of glucose, c-peptide, insulin, and free fatty acid(FFA) during oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) were estimated on 11 normal-weight controls and 35 overweight and obese middle-agd men. The areas of total abdominal, subcutaneous and visceral were determined by CT scanning technique. Total abdominal fat area correlated the most significantly with the levels of serum lipids, lipoproteins and insulin among several obese indices. Compared with normal-weight controls, overweight and obese men with abdominal fat lower than 29000$\textrm{mm}^2$ showed an increase in waist-hip ratio, areas of total abdominal(35%), visceral and subcutaneous fat and C-peptide response area during OGTT, though age, percent ideal body weight, body mass index, % body fat, and all biochemical indices except C-peptide response area were not different between two groups. Overweight and obese men with abdominal fat greater than 29000$\textrm{mm}^2$ showed a higher values in total abdominal fat(85%), serum levels of triglyceride, total-and LDL-cholesterol, the ratio of LDL-to HDL-cholesterol, and response areas of FFA, insulin and C-peptide during OGTT than normal-weight controls. Overweight and obese men with great abdominal fat showed an increase in alcohol ingestion and percent calorie intake per total energy expenditure, compared with normal-weight controls. Our results indicate that obesity and a certain level of total abdominal fat accumulation is required to observe abnormal levels of serum lipids, lipoproteins and insulin in Korean middle-aged men. In addition, increased alcohol and calorie intake and decreased physical activity could partly explain total abdominal fat accumulation in men.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2005

It is very important that the ratio of Soft Lean Mass and Body Fat Mass in body composition. Generally we make an effort not only weight reduction but body fat mass reduction, and finally percent body fat is reduced. And we make an effort to reduce of partial obesity. I have one case that improvement of imbalance on the upper and lower part of the body by Oriental Medicine. We have the result that the upper part of the body composition is increased and the lower part of the body composition is decreased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.453-463
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• 2009

This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the weight control program for female college students. The program was composed of diet and behavioral modifications for 8 weeks. A total of 78 participants enrolled the weight control program. Upon completion of the program, 53 participants experienced weight loss and 25 did not. The intakes of carbohydrate and fat were significantly decreased in both groups. However, the total diet quality index-international (DQII) scores as well as individual scores such as variety scores for protein source and adequacy scores for vegetable, fiber, calcium and vitamin C and moderation scores for empty calorie food were increased significantly in weight loss group only. In the weight loss group, weight, BMI, body fat, percent body fat and waist-hip ratio were decreased significantly. In addition, compared to the weight gain group, the weight loss group had higher changes in weight (weight loss group: -2.6% vs weight gain group: 1.5%, p < 0.001), body fat (-6.0% vs 0.0%, p < 0.001), percent body fat (-3.1% vs -0.3%, p < 0.001), waist-hip ratio (-1.0% vs 0.5%, p < 0.001) and BMI (-2.6% vs 1.3%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in blood profiles between the two groups. The changes in DQI-I scores were significantly correlated with the changes in body weight (r = -0.239, p < 0.05) and BMI (r = -0.224, p < 0.05), indicating that effective nutrition education could help improve diet quality leading to successful weight management among female college students.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.683-694
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the body weight control, food habits and nutrient intakes according to the obese index in male middle school students. This study was carried out through questionnaires and measurement by body fat analyzer (Inbody 4.0). The subjects were 275 male middle school students in Iksan. Chonbuk province. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 14.4 years old, 167.8 cm, 60.2 kg and $21.3kg/m^2$, respectively. Seventeen point one percent of the subjects were the underweight group, 47.6% were the normalweight group, and 35.3% were the overweight group by the classification of the Korean Pediatrics Society standard. Body fat of underweight, normalweight, and overweight were 16.1%, 19.0%, and 26.6%, respectively. Thirty one point nine percent of underweight, 39.7% of normalweight. and 31.9% of overweight had misperceptions of their weight (p<0.001). Sixty two point two percent of the males were dissatisfied with their body weight, and 55.3% of the whole tried to reduce their body weights. Even though they were normalweight, half of them dissatisfied with their weight. The source of weight control method was friends and family, TV radio, Internet, and school nutrition education, in order. The subjects exercised 3.4 days per week, 70.2 minutes per day, but it was not different significantly by the obese index. Forty percent of the subjects had meals fast, 58.5% of them have biased food habits even if they didn't differ by the obese index. Activity rate was different by the obese index significantly (p < 0.05), the number of severe activity was most in underweight. In conclusion, nutrition education programs should contain the necessity of normalweight, and regularity of lift habits and activities for energy expenditure in overweight students. It made them to recognize their weight correctly, establish healthy body images, and raise the ability to promote health and improve nutritional status.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

We wanted to study the effect of Taeyeumjowee-tang and electroacupunctre combined-therapy on obese patients. From 1 March, 2000 to 30, September, 2000 we studied 33 out-ward patients who clinically diagnosed obesity and classified Tae-Em-In by QSCC(Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Classification). We treated the patients by electroacupuncture therapy and taeyeumjowee-tang for 6 weeks, We investigated the change of mean body weight, mean body mass index, mean obesity degree, percent body fat and waist-hip circumference ratio. To analyze the results we used repeat measure method by SPSS ver 7.5. The results were as follows: 1. From $70.4{\pm}11.4\;to\;64.9{\pm}8.7$, mean body weight was significantly decreased according to combined-therapy. 2. From $27.2{\pm}3.2\;to\;24.6{\pm}2.7$, mean BMI was significantly decreased according to combined-therapy. 3. From $116.7{\pm}13.9\;to\;104.4{\pm}12.1$, mean obesity degree was significantly decreased according to combined-therapy. 4. From $32.1{\pm}6.8\;to\;27.4{\pm}7.5$, percent body fat was significantly decreased according to combined-therapy. 5. From $0.90{\pm}0.06\;to\;$0.86{\pm}0.06$, waist-hip circumference ratio was significantly decreased according to combined-therapy. In this study we knew the combined-therapy of electroacupuncture and taeyeumjowee-tang is very efficient in obese patient.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between body compositions and bone mineral density in young women and postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. Methods : Eleven young women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) and ten postmenopausal women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) with low bone density on femur neck were participated in this study. All subjects performed the measure of body composition and BMD on lumbar body and femur neck. Results : The results were as follows. Percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index(BMI) were significantly increased in postmenopausal women. BMD in lumbar body and femur neck were significantly decreased in postmenopausal women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age in young women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women. There were positive strong correlation between BMD of the femur and BMD of lumbar body. Conclusion : Percent body fat and BMI were more increased in young women than in postmenopausal women. And there were negative strong correlation between BMD and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2003

Chitosan, hydroxycitrate and L-carnitine have been known to be antiobesity components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of chitosan, hydroxycitrate and L-carnitine mixture as a potential antiobesity supplement in overweight women. Pre-menopausal healthy females who were overweight (percent ideal body weight > 110) were included in this study. Forty-nine subjects randomly received a placebo (n = 25) or antiobesity-supplement (n = 24), which was a mixture of chitosan, hydroxycitrate, and L-carnitine. Before and after the eight-week experimental period, anthropometric parameters, blood components and computerized tomography were measured. At baseline, the two groups were well matched in terms of age, body mass index and lipid profile. After the eight weeks of potential antiobesity supplementation, the subjects' body fat percent had decreased significantly (p < 0.001) by 5.6% (39.1 $\pm$ 1 vs 36.9 $\pm$ 1%) while lean body mass increased (p < 0.01). Vsceral fat area at the L4 vertebra decreased significantly (p < 0.01) by 8.6% in the supplemented group and the total fat area at the L4 vertebra showed a tendency to decrease (p = 0.051) by 2.4%. Also, in the group given the antiobesity-supplement rather than the placebo, the fasting triglyceride level decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 10.0%. In addition, serum total cholesterol levels in the antiobesity-supplement group showed a tendency to decrease (p=0.159) by 2.7% (194 $\pm$ 6 vs 189 $\pm$ 6 mg/dl). No side effects were found in either group during the intervention. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that taking a mixture of chitosan, hydroxycitrate, and L-carnitine as a potential antiobesity supplement for eight weeks produced advantageous changes in the weight and visceral fat accumulation of overweight women without any side effects. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 483~490, 2003)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1060-1069
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• 2002

High insulin level is known to be a risk factor of coronary heart disease. High insulin level with normal glycemic control is known to be an indicator for insulin resistance. This study was aimed to find out the influencing factors for the fasting serum insulin levels in elderly females with normal glycemic control. One hundred thirty-eight older females aged over 60 years without diabetes medication and high blood HBA1c level were examined on the serum fasting insulin concentration, anthropometry and asked about nutrient intake and exercise habits. The elderly were categorized into 3 group according to the fasting insulin level. The high insulin group was in a state of hyperinsulinemia. Except vitamin C, the nutrient intakes showed no difference according to fasting serum insulin level. But the intakes of calorie and protein per kg body weight were significantly lower in the high insulin group. The intakes of most nutrients except vitamin B$_1$, C and niacin were lower than the korean RDA in all the insulin group. Especially, the intakes of vitamin B$_1$ and Ca were below 75% of the korean RDA. Weight, BMI, body fat percent, body fat mass and fat-free mass, circumferences of waist and hip, WHR of elderly females were significantly higher in the group with the highest insulin level. The body fat percent in the highest insulin group was 35.8%. showing a state of obesity. The high insulin group showed higher proportion of low exercise frequencies per week and short exercise duration. Therefore, the mean energy expenditure for exercise were lower in this group, showing a state of very low exercise activity. Age and waist circumference in elderly females could explain to the 14.5% variances of the fasting insulin level according to multiple stepwise regression. It can be concluded that aging and central body fat deposition influence independently the serum fasting insulin level in elderly females with normal glucose level.