• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.195-204
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop cardiovascular health related percent body-fat standards that may be applied to epidemiologic investigations of the prevalence and incidence of obesity in adolescents, pediatric health screenings, and youth fitness tests. The subjects included 102 males and 80 females aged 19～22years. All subject were Honam University Students Total body fat was derived from body density which was estimated from age and the triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness measured with Lang calipers to the nearst l.0mm. Serum total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol fraction(HDL-CLDL-C) were measured from blood obtained from fore arm vein after blood pressure measurement. In analyses to determine critical fat levels associated with elevated CDD(Chronic Degenerative Disease) risk factors;male and female were grouped by level of percent fat as follows: male, 〈 10%, 10-14.9%, 15-19.9%, 20-24.9%, and $\geq$ 25%;female, 〈 20%, 20-24.9%, 25-29.9%, 30-34.9%, and $\geq$ 35%. As the results of the data, the conclusions were as follows: 1. A dose respones effect was observed between blood pressure and percent body fat in males and females; in contrast, total cholesterol and lipoprotein ratios were relatively independant of percent fat among the lower four fatness group in males and the lower three fatness groups in females. 2. The percentage of subjects in the uppermost quintile for S-Bp, D-Bp, TC, LDL/H was significantly(P〈.05) greater than expected by change alone(20%) in males with $\geq$ 25% fat and in females with $\geq$ 30% fat females with $\geq$35% had even greater representation in the uppermost quintile of all CDD risk factors compared to females with 30-34.9% fat.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.477-488
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• 2007

Prevalence of an obese population has been increasing in Korea. Obesity is considered a major risk factor for chronic degenerative diseases. Specifically, prevalence of obesity is prominent for adult woman in Korea. In many weight control programs, weight change did not often show any beneficial effects for health. These facts discourage people in the program. Thus in this study, the anthropometry, blood pressure, serum biochemical indices and dietary habits were compared by percent body fat change for adult women to show the beneficial effects of the weight control program. Study subjects were 134. Measurements were done before and after the weight control program. Percent Body Fat (PBF) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Using PBF changes, subjects were grouped as I (more than 1% increase), M (${\pm}1%$ change), and D (more than 1% decrease). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. Among the 134 participants, 13 increased their weight and 100 decreased. For PBF, 19 increased and 59 decreased. Statistical significant differences were shown for anthropometric assessments before and after for all weight, fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. I had increases, and D shows decreases. But the difference of D is large than M. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose decreased in all groups but were statistically significant only in D. Also triglyceride decreased in D (p < 0.05). Thus health conditions showed desirable changes in I < M < D in order. Dietary habit changes were desirable with only D. Weight, BMI and other indicators for obesity is not the real indicator for PBF. Recently it is easy to measure PBF. Thus, for weight control programs and to show benefits of the program, PBF is a good indicator for adult women in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2010

Objectives It is significant to determine the validation of a self-administered somatotype drawing for the simple assessment of childhood obesity in elementary school and clinical practice. Methods The subjects were 202 children(112 boys and 90 girls) who answered a questionnaire for somatotype drawing and weremeasured for body components with bioelectrical impedance. The somatotype drawing of children was analysed according to the three criteria of childhood obesity - BMI percentile, obesity index and percent body fat, respectively. Results BMI, waist-hip ratio, skeletal musclemass and proteinmass had significant differences(p<.05) between boys and girls. Somatotype drawing had the highest correlation with BMI in both boys and girls, and also showed a high correlation with BMI percentile, obesity index and percent body fat.According to these criteria of childhood obesity, the somatotype drawing was the best consistent with the obesity index, next turn was the percent body fat and then the BMI percentile. Conclusions The validation of somatotype drawing for the assessment of childhood obesity was analysed according to BMI percentile, obesity index and percent body fat, and the somatotype drawing was the best consistent with obesity index in both boys and girls.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.312-320
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• 2003

Purpose: To investigate body compositons and bone mineral density(BMD) in college women and to find the relationship between them. Method: From January to March of 2001, BMD at four parts(forearm, lumbar, femur and whole body), body mass index(BMI), body fat mass(BFM), lean body mass(LBM) and body fat percentage(%Fat) were measured with the Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Other physical characteristics were measured with a scale, a height measurer, and questionnaires. Result: Grouping by the BMI, 43.2% showed low weight, and 5% over weight. When applying the percent Fat, 43.8 % was diagnosed as obesity group. The fact indicate that a majority of college women have unbalanced body composition with high percent Fat, compared to their body weight. Assessing the BMD with the WHO standards, 91.4～95.7% of the BMD of forearm and whole body was normal. But, 40.3% and 33.1～43.9% showed osteopenia at lumbar and femur, and 104 %, 0.7～7.2% showed osteoporosis. The BMD at all parts showed significant correlation each other(r=.29～.89, p=.001～.000). Body weight and BMI showed correlations to with BMDs at all parts of the body(r=.19～46, p=.025～.000; r=18～.45, p=.039～.000). But the percent Fat had a correlation with only femur neck BMD(r=.19, p=.024). Conclusion: This study showed a majority of healthy college women were exposed to the risk for osteoporosis. Additional study is required to develop nursing interventions to remove the risk factors of osteoporosis. In particular, the acquisition of balanced body composition is necessary, increasing body weight and BMI through the increase of LBM, not through the quantitative increase of BFM.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to have better data and to make efficient clinical reviews on pre-school children's growth based on two measurements; Body composition for measuring body volume and bone age for potential growth. Methods : The study was conducted with 221 children(118 of boys and 103 of girls) from three kindergartens. Body compositions(soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, bone age was measured by bone density through ultrasonic image of calcaneus. Results and Conclusions : 1. The higher level on weight or BMI, the more averages of soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat. 2. The average bone ages and bone age-chronological age were lower in under 50 percentile's group, but it was higher in upper 50 percentile's group. Also, children with high BMI had older in bone ages and bone age-chronological age. 3. The higher in height percentile based on the bone age; there were more soft lean mass. 4. The averages of bone age and bone age-chronological age were significantly decreased, the more percentiles of height according to bone age were big, they were higher than total average in under 50 percentile's group of height, lower than total average in over 50 percentile's group of height in both boys and girls. 5. The average of MPH were significantly decreased in top percentiles of children's height distribution. Also, in the upper percentiles of height distribution based on bone age were big in only boys. 6. The body compositions(soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat) were related to body volume growth, which can he measured by weight or BMI. The bone age, bone age-chronological age, and MPH were related in terms of hight. The body volume growth was a little hit related with potential growth.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2014

This study presents the estimates of heritabilities of body measurement traits and carcass traits, and genetic and phenotypic correlations of those traits for crossbred pigs in Korea. Body and ultrasound (A mode: Piglog 105) measurements in 221 pigs including body weight, length, height and width, three back fat thickness at the points of 4th, 14th rib and chine bone, eye muscle area and lean meat percent were collected at the ages of 70, 145 and 180 days and then slaughtered to measure carcass weight, back fat, belly, collar butt, spare rib, picnic shoulder, hind leg, loin, tenderloin, lean meat yield and intramuscular rough fat content in loin. Genetic analysis was done using a multi-trait animal model. Heritabilties of the body measurements were ranged from 0.331 to 0.559 and three measurements of back fat thickness were also high as range varying from 0.402 to 0.475 for the ages of 145 and 180 days. However, eye muscle area was moderate (0.296) at the age of 180 days. Heritabilities of retail cut yields were also high as ranged from 0.387 to 0.474 and of IMF content in loin was 0.499. Heritabilities of the cut percent traits were ranged from 0.249 to 0.488. Important positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were noted for all carcass yield traits (0.298 to 0.875 and 0.432 to 0.922, respectively). IMF showed low negative genetic correlations with carcass yield traits, such as carcass weight, picnic shoulder, hind leg, loin, tenderloin and lean meat yield whereas low positive genetic correlations with back fat, belly, collar butt and spare rib. Loin, tenderloin and lean meat percent showed negative genetic correlations with carcass weight, back fat thickness, collar butt, spare rib and picnic shoulder percent. The four body measurements at the ages of 70, 145 and 180 days had positive genetic correlations with belly, shoulder butt, spare rib, picnic shoulder and hind leg percent, but negative genetic correlations were shown with loin and tenderloin percent except body measurements at 70 days. The results suggest that carcass yield are negatively correlated with intramuscular fat content, which is a major factor deciding pork quality and the yield of loin and tenderloin are not increased as much as increase in body size. However, the proportions of belly and collar butt are increased with the body size. In conclusion, selection strategy should be designed according to the preference on composition of carcass in each country.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.458-466
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in body fat distribution between obese boys and girls in high school and the relationship between the precent of body fat and the Broca Index. The survey of data was conducted from November 3rd to the 11th in 1997. The data were analyzed by the use of a mean, standard deviation and a Pearson's correlation coefficient. Measurements of the percentage of body fat and lean body mass were made by a Bioelectrical Impedence while height, weigh and the Broca index were measured by a fatness measuring system. First, measurements of height, weight and the Broca index were made by a fatness measuring system on 1,125 1st year students and 1,076 2nd year students. The result of measurements, 216 obese boys and 100 obese girls appeared to have above 10% of the Broca index. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) Obese boys and girls were grouped by the level of the Broca index as follows: boys, 110-less than 120 60.0%, 120-less than 130 20.8%, 130-less than 140 11.1%, above 140 7.4%. ; girls, 110-less than 120 44.4%, 120-less than 130 32.0%, 130-less than 140 13.0%, above 140 11.0%. 2) Obese boys and girls were grouped by level of the percentage of body fat by Bioelectrical Impedence as follows: boys, less than 20% 5%, 20%-less than 25% 34.7%, above 25% 33.8% ; girls. less than 25% 15.0%, 25%-less than 30% 43.0%, above 30% 42.0%. 3) In obese boys the Broca index score appeared to be positively related to body weight(r = .741, p<.001), the percent of body fat(r=.604, p<.001), lean body mass(r=.375, p<.001), body fluid(r=.445, p<.001l). On the other hand the percent of body fat was not a significant correlation of lean body mass (r= -.074), body fluid(r= -.073). 4) In obese girls, the Broca index score appeared to be positively related to body weight(r= .693, p<.001), the percent of body fat(r=.645, p<.001), lean body mass(r=.531, p<.001), body fluid(r=.532, p<.01), and the percent of body weight score appeared to be positively related to lean body mass(r=.206, p<.01), body fluid(r=.207, p<.01).

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2011

Purpose: Generally dual energy X-ray absorptiometry has been used for the purpose of evaluation of osteoporosis and treatment. Recently the interest of obesity came to be high and body percent fat test is increasing. Existing measure of body fat have to scan the whole body can be evaluated, but only lumbar spine and hip measurements was assumed to be whole body fat as well as improving the software. It tries to check whether the part measured value not being whole body measurement has the validity or not compared with the value calculated with the method that it is different, it forgives through a correlation with a (BIA) and (BMI). Materials and Methods: In 2010, the body percent fat was measured among the examinee coming to the Asan Medical Center public health care center from March till August against 90 females more than 40 years old through (DXA) and BIA. BMI utilized the value which wrote an hight and weight measured through the body measuring instrument in the examinee information and is automatically calculated. In addition, it classified as the low weight ($13-18.5kg/m^2$), normal ($18.5-25kg/m^2$), and corpulence ($25-30kg/m^2$) based on BMI and so that it could check whether there was the difference according to the weight or not BMI and BIA and correlation between DXA were analyzed in each group. The statistical program for the analysis used SPSS 12.0. Results: The comparison of DXA at 3 which it divides into the low weight and normal and corpulence groups and BIA did not show the difference noted statistically in all groups and the between group comparison was exposed to do not have a meaning. The body percent fat measured by the correlation analysis result DXA at the state that it doesn't divide into the group showed the high correlation (r=0.908, p0.01) noted statistically compared with BMI and showed the high correlation noted statistically in a comparison with BIA (r=0.927, p0.01). Conclusion: It confirmed that the whole body percent fat presumed from the part bone density measurement showed the excel correlation compared with BIA and BMI and information is high. There is still no clear standard about the presumed whole body percent fat and it is difficult to evaluate the fat evaluation by the bone mineral density measurement. However, it is determined that the information offering which is more objective through the comparative study with the body percent fat which is very efficient and in that it can obtain till the information about a fat as well as diagnosis of the osteoporosis through the bone density checkup is measured by the afterward telegraph bone density checkup and is clinically useful is possible.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.342-353
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• 2017

Purpose: This study evaluated the changes in nutritional status based on quality of life (QoL) item-level analysis to determine whether individual QoL responses might facilitate personal clinical impact. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated QoL data obtained by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Stomach (QLQ-STO22) as well as metabolic-nutritional data obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis and blood tests. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at the 5-year follow-up. QoL was analyzed at the level of the constituent items. The patients were categorized into vulnerable and non-vulnerable QoL groups for each scale based on their responses to the QoL items and changes in the metabolic-nutritional indices were compared. Results: Multiple shortcomings in the metabolic-nutritional indices were observed in the vulnerable groups for nausea/vomiting (waist-hip ratio, degree of obesity), dyspnea (hemoglobin, iron), constipation (body fat mass, percent body fat), dysphagia (body fat mass, percent body fat), reflux (body weight, hemoglobin), dry mouth (percent body fat, waist-hip ratio), and taste (body weight, total body water, soft lean mass, body fat mass). The shortcomings in a single index were observed in the vulnerable groups for emotional functioning and pain (EORTC QLQ-C30) and for eating restrictions (EORTC QLQ-STO22). Conclusions: Long-term postoperative QoL deterioration in emotional functioning, nausea/vomiting, pain, dyspnea, constipation, dysphagia, reflux, eating restrictions, dry mouth, and taste were associated with nutritional shortcomings. QoL item-level analysis, instead of scale-level analysis, may help to facilitate personalized treatment for individual QoL respondents.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2004

Background: Recently obesity has become a social problem in all over the world including Korea. It is known that obesity is closely related with cardiovascular disease. Many studies are carrying out in the relation between several obesity indices, such as body mass index(BMI), waist-circumference(WC), body fat percent and risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Objective: This study was done in order to investigate correlation of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Method: We gathered totally 138 subjects who have taken health screening test in university hospital. With the exception of 40 abnormal cases on current illness and laboratory study, 98 healthy cases were analysed. We divided the groups as normal, overweight, obese group according to body mass index $(22.9kg/m^2\;and\;below\;/\;23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2\;/\;25kg/m^2\;and\;above)$and investigated the relationship between obesity based on body mass index(BMI) and cardiovascular risk factors. And investigated the relationship between each cardiovascular risk factor and body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat percent. Results: With the exception of blood pressure, other lab data such as total cholesterol, triglycerid, glucose were significantly different between the three groups divided by body mass index$(22.9kg/m^2\;and\;below\;/\;23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2\;/\;25kg/m^2\;and\;above)$. And Correlation coefficient of cardiovascular risk factors with body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat precent were acquired. Conclusion: We have concluded that the body mass index and waist-hip ratio body fat precent were predictive factors cardiovascular disease.