• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2005

Objectives : The weight reduction program with very low calorie diet(VLCD) for women generally reduce bone mineral density(BMD). So many treatments were done to prevent side effect of the weight reduction program and herbal diet meditation were often used in oriental medicine. This research were done in order to study the effect of VLCD and herbal diet meditation, Chegamuiyiin­tang on BMD. Methods : This clinical research carried out 22 cases of pre-menopausal outpatients with obesity during 1 month. To evaluate the effect Chegamuiyiin-tang with VLCD on BMD, the weight, BMI, percent body fat, WHR, BMD(T-score) were estimated in pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results : The mean weight reduction after 1 month was $6.87{\pm}1.54\;Kg$(10.28 % of initial weight), BMI reduction was $2.35{\pm}0.65\;Kg/m^2$, percent body fat reduction was $3.40{\pm}1.01%$, WHR reduction was $0.04{\pm}0.01$. But BMD(in T-score) had significant increase. Conclusions : Generally VLCD were estimated to reduces BMD, but VLCD with herbal diet meditation, Chegamuiyiin-tang has positive effect on BMD in pre-menopausal women during short term(1 month).

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-73
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Uncoupling protein (UCP) polymorphisms on weight loss. We analyzed associations between polymorphisms of UCP-2, 3 and changes in percentage of obesity phenotypes (Body mass index and percent body fat) after treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 207 Korean women (BMI over 25) were recruited from the obesity clinic in Kirin Oriental Medical Hospital (Seoul, Korea). All patients were treated with a very low calorie diet and oriental medical therapy for one month. The effect of UCP polymorphisms on changes in obesity-phenotypes were analyzed. For the genotyping of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), genomic DNA from each subject was extracted from whole blood and genotyped using the TaqMan Method. Associations between changes in percentage of obesity phenotypes (BMI and percent body fat) and UCP polymorphisms were analyzed using age-adjusted general linear model. Results and Conclusions: In this study, AG, GG type of UCP-2 -866A>G, CC, CT type of UCP-2 +4787C>T, CG, GG type of UCP-3 +2564C>G, AG, GG type of UCP-3 +3106A>G, and TC, CC type of UCP-3 +4589T>C played a role as a resistance gene to weight loss.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1990

To assess the role of multiple factors in influencing occurrence of ventricular premature complexes after acute myocardial infarction twenty-four hour Holter electrocardiographic tape recording were made in 40 survivors of an acute myocardial infarction 10 to 20 days after attack. Ventricular premature complexes were found in 72.5percent of the patients. The incidence and grade of ventricular premature complexes in the early postinfarction period were not correlated with left ventricular function, age, sex, smoking, dibetes mellitus, previous angina, and previous myocardial infarction. The occurrence of ventricular premature complexes showed a positive correlation with the occurrence of ST-T change. The occurrence of ventricular premature complexes during sleep hours was compared to the awake state. In 22 patients. the incidence of ventricular premature complexes was reduced during sleep. If patients free of ectopic activity during 24-hour monitoring sessions are excluded from analysis, the 22 of patients, or in 76percent, sleep was associated with a lowered occurrence of ventricular extrasystoles.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 1998

Community Attachment variables(specially, system model variables : gender, age, education, income, number of children, marital status, length of residence, and job) have been tested. The data for this study were collected from 295 residents of Yesan in Chungnam. The SPSSWIN package was utilized for data analysis. Frequency, percent, t-test, and ANOVA were utilized for statistical analysis. Each hypothesis was tested at .01, .05, and 01 level. The major findings of this study were: 1) the range of community attachment score was $17{\sim}56$. The mean score of community attachment was 29.8 with a standard deviation of 5.34. 2) t-test showed that job was statistically significant at .05 level among gender, marital status, and job. 3) length of residence, age, and numbers of children were statistically significant at .05, .10, and .01, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.19-27
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• 1998

This study was investigated on the friction welding of A2024 aluminum alloy to SM45C carbon steel with insert metals. The tensile strength of welded joints, the hardness distribution of welds, the microstructure of welds and the tensile fracture surfaces were mainly investigated through this experiment. When aluminum alloy A6351 was used as insert metal, the maximum tensile strength of welded joint was obtained. In this case, the maximum joint efficiency was 76.2 percent of base metal. Optimal welding conditions were N=2,000rpm. $P_1$=40MPa, $P_2$, $t_1$=1.5 sec, $t_2$=5 sec.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1996

Samples from the L, F, H and $A_1$ horizons of the Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Scirpus tabernaemontani and Typha angustata grassland were collected in Paldangho and the removal rates of ritrogen were investigated. The removal rates of nitrogen of the litters were 0.85 in P.communis, 0.56 in M sacchariflorus, 0.45 in T. angustata and 0.31 in S. tabernaemontani The time required to decay 50, 95, 99 percent of the steady state levels and turnover values of nitrogen on the grassland floor were 0.81, 3.53, 5.89 years in the P. communis, 1.23, 5.32, 8.86 years in the M sacchariflorus, 1.54, 6.68, 11.13 years in the S. tabernaemontani and 2.22, 9.63, 16.04 years in the T. angustata Key words: Removal rate, Accumulation, Paldangho, Nitrogen, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Typha angustata.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.360-369
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• 1992

A heat pump system is constructed to evaluate its performance and heat transfer characteristics with mixtures of R22/R142b as working fluids. The heat transfer in the evaporator and the overall performance are measured and analyzed in terms of the compositions and relevant variables. Possibility of capacity modulation by changing composition is observed without degradation of heat transfer coefficients and coefficient of performance. The cooling capacity is varied continuously within 200 percent based on minimum capacity at constant compressor speed. For similar cooling capacity, COP is improved by mixing two refrigerants and shows maximum value at 60％ mass fraction of R22. Average heat transfer coefficients of mixtures decrease in comparison with pure refrigerants at similar cooling capacity and mass flow rate. However, the overall heat transfer coefficients decrease moderately. A cycle simulation is performed in order to manifest the advantages of using refrigerant mixtures, considering experimentally observed heat transfer characteristics.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 1981

The author has studied on the gonical angles in cephalometric roentgenograph and orthopantomograph. Lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and orthopantomograms were taken from 62 patients who were consisted of 32 boys and 30 girls with dentoalveolar Class I malocclusion. Genial angles were measured on cephalograms and orthopantomograms respectively, and calculated the mean values and standard deviations and 't' test was performed on the relationship between the cephologram and orthopantomogram. Results were as followings; 1. Mean value of genial angles was $126.47^{\circ}\;{\pm}\;5.62$ in cephalgram. In orthopantomograms the gonial angle was $125.23^{\circ}\;{\pm}\;6.68$ in left side and $126.47^{\circ}\;{\pm}\;6.85$ in the right side. 2. Result of 't' test showed no significant differences on the level of 1 percent.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.222-234
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• 1998

The Westinghouse OT$\Delta$T DNB protection logic heavily restricts the operation region by applying the same logic for a full range of operating pressure in order to maintain its simplicity. In this work, a fuzzy neural network method is used to estimate the DNB protection limit using the measured average temperature and pressure of a reactor core. Fuzzy system parameters are optimized by a hybrid learning method. This algorithm uses a gradient descent algorithm to optimize the antecedent parameters and a least-squares algorithm to solve the consequent parameters. The proposed method is applied to Yonggwang 3&4 nuclear power plants and the proposed method has 5.99 percent larger thermal margin than the conventional OT$\Delta$T trip logic. This simple algorithm provides a good information for the nuclear power plant operation and diagnosis by estimating the DNB protection limit each time step.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 1994

It is the goal of this study to provide the essential data for design and operation of optimum water supply system. Experimental and theoretical analyses have been conducted for various parameters, for example, volume and air percent of pressurizing tank, pump speed and pressure range inside tank, etc. Pressure inside tank with time, flow rate, energy consumption rate and pump operation time have been obtained for design and operating parameters to optimize the components and to establish the operating method of system, and therefore to contribute to the development of technology from a point of view of the improvement of quality, the enhancement of system efficiency and the reduction of construction cost.