• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-123
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• 2008

Recently, there has been a growing trend toward private brand. Although much has been written about the determinants of attitude and purchase intention on PB, little is known about the influence of manufacturer and retailer trust on private brand purchase. This research addresses three questions:(1) what impact do manufacturer and retailer trust have on private brand purchase?(2) What is a key mediating variable in the relationship retailer between trust(on retailer/manufacture) and purchase intention?(3) Are the impacts of these factors differ depending on the level of customer knowledge? The findings indicate that retailer trust directly influence on the perceived quality, attitude toward private brand, and purchase intention. Manufacturer trust affects on attitude and purchase intention, however, only when it is through perceived quality. In addition, the relative impact of theses two factors differs to some extent, depending on the level of consumer knowledge. When customer knowledge is relatively high, retailer trust is a very important factor influencing perceived quality, attitude and purchase intention. On the other hand, both retailer trust and manufacturer trust are considered when customer knowledge on private brand is low.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.467-485
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• 2015

The market share of private brand(PB) is growing at a rapid pace. Based on the previous studies, consumers pay more attention to the extrinsic cues when they buy the PB products. This paper proposes an integrated model to examine how the retailer credibility which is one of the important extrinsic cues affects perceived quality variation, value consciousness, attitude to PB, and PB product purchase intention. Also, familiarity with PB is regarded as a moderating variable that can interact with retailer credibility. An analysis of 199 useable questionnaires found that retailer credibility has a significant impact on the attitude to PB, directly and indirectly. Further, the moderating effect of familiarity with PB was significant. For this, we interpret that when consumers are more familiar with the private brand, they tend to have few bias toward the quality of PB. These findings provide several effective strategies for the development of PB, such that retailers must improve consumer's familiarity with PB via various promotions like free samples or testing events. Academic and practical implications of the study findings and future research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.159-186
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• 2004

One of the biggest change in the distributive market recently is that the development of private brand is progress actively since consumers purchasing behavior is tend to shift to resonable and practical planned purchase from brand image or brand name. Once the development of private brands is done successfully, the independent merchandising distinguished from other distribution companies is established, store image through customer satisfaction is strengthen and volume of sales and profit are increased. However, the existing studies in this field have not dealt with this matter systematically. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose an integrated framework within which to view private brand proneness. Factors found to influence private brand proneness included perceived cost, with private brand, perceived value for money, store fame, perceived risk, perceived quality variation between national and private brand products. Foe empirical analysis, the data were collected from 211 consumers who purchased the private brands in discount store and department store. With the collected survey data, reliability test, factor analysis for validity test and regression analysis for hypotheses test were conducted. Most hypotheses were accepted but on hypotheses were rejected negative relation of perceived cost and private brand proneness. Research results indicate that private brand proneness is affected by perceived value, perceived fame and there are negative relation between private brand proneness and perceived quality variation.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 2018

Purpose - The perception of the quality of the consumer's distributor's brand(PBs) is generally perceived to be lower than that of the manufacturer's brand(NB), although it is a critical factor in determining the success of PBs. Accordingly, this study examines the characteristics of the convenience store PB products and their correlation with brand trust and purchase intent in the consumers who have had experience purchasing the convenience store PBs to expand the sales variables. Further, this research shows that the marketing strategy is to increase the share of PBs by providing an empirical analysis on the effect of the product attribute factors on the sales volume associated with brand trust, purchase intent, and others. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey period of this study was approximately three weeks from December 1, 2017 to December 21, 2017. The study samples that were taken from 100 random people extracted. The statistical analysis was carried out with multiple regression analysis using the SPSS statistical package. Results - The analysis shows that the brand credibility and purchasing intention were statistically significant differences between the private convenience store private brand products. Specifically, brand trust showed a statistically significant relationship the brand images and quality levels, but the perceived value was not affected statistically. Although the intent of the purchase showed a statistically significant relationship the quality level and the perceived value, the brand image was not statistically significant in its relationship. Conclusions - Overall, it has been established that the perception value does not statistically affect brand trust for convenience store PB products, and that the brand image has no statistically significant effect on the purchase intent. These results are analyzed to be due to the influence of brand in convenience stores themselves rather than brand trust and purchase intentions that affect sales performance, which is the property of private brand food and beverage products, the perceived value of their products. Accordingly, the study found that not only did the marketing performance of the convenience store PB products be improved statistically, but also the cause of the product attributes that were not statistically significant was identified.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.47-51
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• 2018

Purpose - Typically, retailers will want PB(Private Brand) products to expand to the needs of low-PB loyal customers as well as existing PB(Private Brand) loyal customers. Therefore, a strategy of minimizing the share of the manufacturer brand in the distributor can be considered as a way to maximize the profit of the distributor. Research design, data, and methodology - In the previous study, the researches about the rivalry and conflict between the NB(National Brand) products and the PB products were mainly made. Previous studies did not model inter-national brand-level competition and inter-store competition. In addition, they have focused only on distributors' decisions from the manufacturer's perspective, and assume channel members have the same level of members(Choi, 1996). Results - This paper tries to apply the game theory to researches on how retailers can maximize the benefits of distributing NB(National Brand) products and PB(Private Brand) products, while distributors can also take advantage of their profits. Conclusions - It was found that providing cheap PBs did not help manufacturers and distributors. Distributors and manufacturers' profits were determined by consumers who purchased NB products that were higher in price and higher in perceived quality before providing existing PB products to consumers.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.647-656
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• 2006

A purpose of this research was to analyze an effect of discount stores image on brand equity of fashion brand. One hundred ninety-four women living in Seoul and its suburb were surveyed for this study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multiple regression, and ANOVA were used for this study. As the results, first, discount stores image was classified into five factors such as convenience, service, store atmosphere, familarity, and easy use. Second, brand equity was divided into three factors such as brand loyalty, perceived quality and brand recognition. Generally, discount stores images were correlated with brand equity factor. Third, results revealed that service, easy use, convenience, and familarity were 32% of the explained variance in brand loyalty. Also, store atmosphere convenience, service, and easy use were 26% of the explained variance in perceived quality. Results revealed Store Atmosphere and easy use, and familarity were 21% of the explained variance in brand recognition. Based on these results, discount stores in private brand marketing strategies would be suggested.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.425-430
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• 2008

Hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) is a by-product of metabolism of amino acids including sulfur and alcoholic fermentation, it is generally thought of in terms of a poisonous gas. Though $H_2S$ can have a negative impact on the perceived quality of fermented drinks due to an undesirable aroma, it plays prominent roles as a neuromodulator in the mammalian brain as well as a smooth muscle relaxant. Nowadays studies on the proteins which produce $H_2S$ are carried out in various fields such as structure, function, and metabolism. Here we propose to develop a simple and rapid $H_2S$ forming assay method, which will lead to speed up preparing the $H_2S$ forming proteins for identification by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. We detected three kinds of proteins which produce $H_2S$ in the crude extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Those proteins were cystathionie $\beta$-synthase, O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, and cystathionine $\gamma$-lyase.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-37
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• 1975

I. Subject of the study A study on the nutritive value and utilization of powdered seaweeds. II. Purpose and Importance of the study A. In Korea the shortage of food will be inevitable by the rapidly growing population. It will be very important study to develop a new food from the seaweeds which were not used hitherto for human consumption. B. The several kinds of seaweeds have been used by man in Korea mainly as side-dishes. However, a properly powdered seaweed will enable itself to be a good supplement or mixture to certain cereal flours. C. By adding the powdered seaweed to any cereals which have long been staple foods in this country the two fold benefits; saving of cereals and change of dietary pattern, will be secured. III. Objects and scope of the study A. Objects of the study The objects will come under four items. 1. To develop a powdered seaweed as a new food from the seaweeds which have been not used for human consumption. 2. To evaluate the nutritional quality of the products the analysis for chemical composition and animal feeding experiment will be conducted. 3. Experimental cocking and accepability test will be conducted for the powdered products to evaluate the value as food stuff. 4. Sanitary test and also economical analysis will be conducted for the powdered products. B. Scope of the study 1. Production of seaweed powders Sargassum fulvellum growing in eastern coast and Sargassum patens C.A. in southern coast were used as the material for the powders. These algae, which have been not used for human consumption, were pulverized through the processes of washing, drying, pulverization, etc. 2. Nutritional experiments a. Chemical composition Proximate components (water, protein, fat, cellulose, sugar, ash, salt), minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine), vitamins (A, $B_1,\;B_2$ niacin, C) and amino acids were analyzed for the seaweed powders. b. Animal feeding experiment Weaning 160 rats (80 male and 80 female rats) were used as experimental animals, dividing them into 16 groups, 10 rats each group. Each group was fed for 12 weeks on cereal diet (Wheat flour, rice powder, barley powder, potato powder, corn flour) with the supplementary levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of the seaweed powder. After the feeding the growth, feed efficiency ratio, protain efficiency ratio and ,organs weights were checked and urine analysis, feces analysis and serum analysis were also conducted. 3. Experimental cooking and acceptability test a. Several basic studies were conducted to find the characteristics of the seaweed powder. b. 17 kinds of Korean dishes and 9 kinds of foreign dishes were prepared with cereal flours (wheat, rice, barley, potato, corn) with the supplementary levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of the seaweed powder. c. Acceptability test for the dishes was conducted according to plank's Form. 4. Sanitary test The heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) in the seaweed powders were determined. 5. Economical analysis The retail price of the seaweed powder was compared with those of other cereals in the market. And also economical analysis was made from the nutritional point of view, calculating the body weight gained in grams per unit price of each feeding diet. IV. Results of the study and the suggestion for application A. Chemical composition 1. There is no any big difference in proximate components between powders of Sargassum fulvellum in eastern coast and Sargassum patens C.A. in southern coast. Seasonal difference is also not significant. Higher levels of protein, cellulose, ash and salt were found in the powders compared with common cereal foods. 2. The levels of calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) in the powders were significantly higher than common cereal foods and also rich in iodine (I). Existence of vitamin A and vitamin C in the Powders is different point from cereal foods. Vitamin $B_1\;and\;B_2$ are also relatively rich in the powders.'Vitamin A in ·Sargassum fulvellum is high and the levels of some minerals and vitamins are seemed4 to be some influenced by seasons. 3. In the amino acid composition methionine, isoleucine, Iysine and valine are limiting amino acids. The protein qualities of Sargassum fulvellum and Sargassum patens C.A. are seemed to be .almost same and generally ·good. Seasonal difference in amino acid composition was found. B. Animal feeding experiment 1. The best growth was found at.10% supplemental level of the seaweed Powder and lower growth rate was shown at 30% level. 2. It was shown that 15% supplemental level of the Seaweed powder seems to fulfil, to some extent the mineral requirement of the animals. 3. No any changes were found in organs development except that, in kidney, there found decreasing in weight by increasing the supplemental level of the seaweed powder. 4. There is no any significant changes in nitrogen retention, serum cholesterol, serum calcium and urinary calcium in each supplemental level of the seaweed powder. 5. In animal feeding experiment it was concluded that $5%{\sim}15%$ levels supplementation of the seaweed powder are possible. C. Experimental cooking and acceptability test 1. The seaweed powder showed to be utilized more excellently in foreign cookings than in Korean cookings. Higher supplemental level of seaweed was passible in foreign cookings. 2. Hae-Jo-Kang and Jeon-Byung were more excellent than Song-Pyun, wheat cake, Soo-Je-Bee and wheat noodle. Hae-Je-Kang was excellent in its quality even as high as 5% supplemental level. 3. The higher levels of supplementation were used the more sticky cooking products were obtained. Song-Pyun and wheat cake were palatable and lustrous in 2% supplementation level. 4. In drop cookie the higher levels of supplementation, the more crisp product was obtained, compared with other cookies. 5. Corn cake, thin rice gruel, rice gruel and potato Jeon-Byung were more excellent in their quality than potato Man-Doo and potato noodle. Corn cake, thin rice gruel and rice gruel were excellent even as high as 5% supplementation level. 6. In several cooking Porducts some seaweed-oder was perceived in case of 3% or more levels of supplementation. This may be much diminished by the use of proper condiments. D. Sanitary test It seems that there is no any heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) problem in these seaweed Powders in case these Powders are used as supplements to any cereal flours E. Economical analysis The price of the seaweed powder is lower than those of other cereals and that may be more lowered when mass production of the seaweed powder is made in future. The supplement of the seaweed powder to any cereals is also economical with the criterion of animal growth rate. F. It is recommended that these seaweed powders should be developed and used as supplement to any cereal flours or used as other food material. By doing so, both saving of cereals and improvement of individual's nutrition will greatly be achieved. It is also recommended that the feeding experiment for men would be conducted in future.