• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.347-359
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• 2016

People are destined to live according to the time and fate after they are born. Man is connected with the idea that is called the Chinese zodiac sign related to one out of 12 animals, regardless of one's thought. This paper was written with the expectation that it will be a new turning point understanding the mutual influence and its changing process by catching the ethnic belief and emotion as well as its cultural background in the Asian Zone by investigating the meaning of the 12 Chinese zodiac shown in the folk painting from the viewpoint of folk lore including "Chinese zodiac sign" culture rooted in our daily lives. The animal 'Rat' has been lived well human beings accompanied by the fable or the nature, while the animal 'Ox' has been living together with human history. The 'Tiger' has been considered the 'Power retreating disease or a devil' to humans, which is the most frightening but near at hand. The 'Rabbit' in the fable is inculcating hope and ideals to humans. The imaginary 'Dragon' is rooted in the deep national belief, which is seated as 'Guardian god' of farming culture and mankind, while the 'Snake' is playing a role in protecting humans as the 'Sea God' in Tsushima and Jeju Island, and has been believed and followed in the deep mind of humans. The 'Horse' in the nomad culture has been adorned as the basic creature of nomadic society in the character of a psychic medium between the human and god or their 'Guardian god'. The ancient Japanese regarded 'Monkey' as holy, being connected with treasure. It infers a human's desire to borrow wisdom from 'Monkey'. 'Chicken' includes the meaning of a lucky sign connecting the sky and the human world by arranging together with humans. The 'Dog' is believed and followed as performing the function of a messenger connecting this world with the afterlife in the next world tale of shamanism. The 'Pig' also lives well with humans, being interpreted as fecundity. Although the meaning of the 12 Chinese Zodiac animals has ethnic differences, all of them have been shared with humans, rooted in the human mind, being believed, and followed in human lives.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2020

College students are the potential income classes preparing for income activities and are the main consumers of the future that are very important. In order to understand the current state of ginseng-related consumption culture of young consumers, this study wanted to examine university students' attitudes toward ginseng-related products and services in the future, and to find out their purchasing status, satisfaction, and intent to purchase them. In doing so, we looked at the relative influence of the relevant variables that affect the intent of the purchase. As a result, the variables that affect college student consumers' intention to purchase ginseng-related products were shown in the order of their reliability, economy, purchasing experience, subjective interest, monthly income, monthly allowance, pride in ginseng, and age. Of these, most of the variables had positive effects, but the average monthly income, monthly allowance, and age had negative effects. In other words, the higher the reliability, economy, and self-esteem of ginseng, the higher the willingness to buy ginseng, the higher the subjective interest in ginseng, the higher the age, the lower the monthly allowance, and the lower the income, the lower the willingness to buy ginseng. To promote college students' consumption of ginseng products, it is necessary to cut prices for the younger generation, enhance the quality of the products for the younger generation, improve the taste to overcome the negative aspects of rejecting the bitter and bitter taste, and, above all, induce consumers' attention. It is also necessary to expand accessibility through the development of convenient and easy-to-eat products for young people and the expansion of sales outlets. Recently, young consumers are interested in new products they have never experienced before, products that are good to certify because of their unique design or packaging, and retro products that stimulate nostalgia in the past, so they need to promote and provide information related to consumption of ginseng products in this regard. Considering the practicality and convenience of consumers, we propose consideration of personal consumers' taste curation services, which reflect their preference for products that are convenient to carry with them in line with various living environments, and can have synergy with other products.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.176-178
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• 1997

To make a long story short I made up my mind to experiment with a multimedia approach to my classroom presentations two years ago because my ways of giving instructions bored the pants off me as well as my students. My favorite ways used to be sometimes referred to as classical or traditional ones, heavily dependent on the three elements: teacher's mouth, books, and chalk. Some call it the 'MBC method'. To top it off, I tried audio-visuals such as tape recorders, cassette players, VTR, pictures, and you name it, that could help improve my teaching method. And yet I have been unhappy about the results by a trial and error approach. I was determined to look for a better way that would ensure my satisfaction in the first place. What really turned me on was a multimedia CD ROM title, ELLIS (English Language Learning Instructional Systems) developed by Dr. Frank Otto. This is an integrated system of learning English based on advanced computer technology. Inspired by the utility and potential of such a multimedia system for regular classroom or lab instructions, I designed a simple but practical multimedia language learning laboratory in 1994 for the first time in Korea(perhaps for the first time in the world). It was high time that the conventional type of language laboratory(audio-passive) at Hahnnam be replaced because of wear and tear. Prior to this development, in 1991, I put a first CALL(Computer Assisted Language Learning) laboratory equipped with 35 personal computers(286), where students were encouraged to practise English typing, word processing and study English grammar, English vocabulary, and English composition. The first multimedia language learning laboratory was composed of 1) a multimedia personal computer(486DX2 then, now 586), 2) VGA multipliers that enable simultaneous viewing of the screen at control of the instructor, 3) an amplifIer, 4) loud speakers, 5)student monitors, 6) student tables to seat three students(a monitor for two students is more realistic, though), 7) student chairs, 8) an instructor table, and 9) cables. It was augmented later with an Internet hookup. The beauty of this type of multimedia language learning laboratory is the economy of furnishing and maintaining it. There is no need of darkening the facilities, which is a must when an LCD/beam projector is preferred in the laboratory. It is headset free, which proved to make students exasperated when worn more than- twenty minutes. In the previous semester I taught three different subjects: Freshman English Lab, English Phonetics, and Listening Comprehension Intermediate. I used CD ROM titles like ELLIS, Master Pronunciation, English Tripple Play Plus, English Arcade, Living Books, Q-Steps, English Discoveries, Compton's Encyclopedia. On the other hand, I managed to put all teaching materials into PowerPoint, where letters, photo, graphic, animation, audio, and video files are orderly stored in terms of slides. It takes time for me to prepare my teaching materials via PowerPoint, but it is a wonderful tool for the sake of presentations. And it is worth trying as long as I can entertain my students in such a way. Once everything is put into the computer, I feel relaxed and a bit excited watching my students enjoy my presentations. It appears to be great fun for students because they have never experienced this type of instruction. This is how I freed myself from having to manipulate a cassette tape player, VTR, and write on the board. The student monitors in front of them seem to help them concentrate on what they see, combined with what they hear. All I have to do is to simply click a mouse to give presentations and explanations, when necessary. I use a remote mouse, which prevents me from sitting at the instructor table. Instead, I can walk around in the room and enjoy freer interactions with students. Using this instrument, I can also have my students participate in the presentation. In particular, I invite my students to manipulate the computer using the remote mouse from the student's seat not from the instructor's seat. Every student appears to be fascinated with my multimedia approach to English teaching because of its unique nature as a new teaching tool as we face the 21st century. They all agree that the multimedia way is an interesting and fascinating way of learning to satisfy their needs. Above all, it helps lighten their drudgery in the classroom. They feel other subjects taught by other teachers should be treated in the same fashion. A multimedia approach to education is impossible without the advent of hi-tech computers, of which multi functions are integrated into a unified system, i.e., a personal computer. If you have computer-phobia, make quick friends with it; the sooner, the better. It can be a wonderful assistant to you. It is the Internet that I pay close attention to in conjunction with the multimedia approach to English education. Via e-mail system, I encourage my students to write to me in English. I encourage them to enjoy chatting with people all over the world. I also encourage them to visit the sites where they offer study courses in English conversation, vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, reading, and writing. I help them search any subject they want to via World Wide Web. Some day in the near future it will be the hub of learning for everybody. It will eventually free students from books, teachers, libraries, classrooms, and boredom. I will keep exploring better ways to give satisfying instructions to my students who deserve my entertainment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 1973

This study is designed to meet the following objectives: (1) To study attitude and behavior regarding marriage and age at marriage, (2) To learn correlates of age at marriage and to examine their relations, (3) To measure relative importance of the correlates of age at marriage, and (4) To study relations of age at marriage and family planning practice to fertility and their relative importance as correlates of fertility. The data are obtained by an independent cross-sectional survey in three study areas purposively selected to represent metropolitan. semihuman. rural population. The study population is confined to women age 17-50 as of survey. The overall response rate is 90%. Reliability of data is measured by . individual and aggregate inconsistency based upon a 15% subsample of the original interviews. The individual inconsistency (31%) is found to be high compared to the aggregate inconsistency (6%) for all 85 variables. However, the magnitude of differences between means is small, and the mean absolute shifts and proportional shifts are also small on the whole. In a word respondents did not change their answers too extremely or radically. The study populations of each study area are compared on some basic characteristics. It is found that the three study populations have more dissimilarities than similarities. The findings on seven different attitudinal positions of women toward marriage indicate that there have been tremendous changes in all study areas Iron "traditional" attitudes which have been prevalent for a long time in Korean society to "liberalized" or "modernized" attitudes. An apparent tendency is that women generally take a position of a "golden mean" attitude by not preferring either extreme of marriage attitudes. Nevertheless, the young, single, educated, and urbanite appears more "liberalized. " There has been some increase in ideal age at marriage from 1958 to 1970 for both sexes. No age group, marital status, or study area differentials in ideal age at marriage are found, the average ideal age at marriage in every sub-group being 24-25. Awareness of existing legal marriageable ages is low; only 4.4% are aware that "with parental permission: minimum age for males is 18 years and for females 16 years,"and only 3.7% are aware that "without parental permission: 27 years for males and 23 years for females." People in Korra tend to marry spouses who are in various social ways like themselves: the similarities include (a) education, occupational status of father, (c) economic status, (d) usual residence before marriage, and (e) religion. Both singulars and actual mean ages at marriage in this study confirm the trend of rising age at marriage previously established by other independent studies. The urban-rural differential in age at marriage is observed, but the differential narrows down gradually from 1935 to 1970. All socio-economic, demographic, and other variables pertaining to wife before and at first marriage, excluding (a) religion, (b) father′s of occupation, and (c) as: of menarche, are correlated with respondent's age at first marriage, whereas only three variables out of all socio-economic variables relating to husband before and at wife′s first marriage, viz., (a) education, (b) usual residence, and (c) economic level of his old home, are correlated with respondent′s age at marriage. Among socio-economic and modernity variables related to either husband or wife at the time of survey, only education and duration of residence are correlated with wife′s age at first marriage. Among the correlates of respondent′age at first marriage, education is in general the most important variable. However, it is found that wife′s education is more important than husband′s. The combined effects or the correlates studied explain no more than about 40% of variance for any of the selected groups of variables. Points which might counteract the effects of late marriage on fertility are not serious in Korea. For each of the correlates of the three fertility indices chosen for this study. namely, (a) number of living children, (b) number of live births, and (c) number of pregnancies, age at marriage is the major contributor to the variance in all age groups except the age group of 20-29 in which the index of family planning practice is the major contributor. The proportion of variability in fertility indices accounted for by the correlates is never more than 40% of the total variance in any age group. Based upon the findings from this study, it could be concluded that in the foreseeable future (a) celibate group will no! be increased to a point that would slow down population growth rate in Korea, (b) age at marriage will not increase continually, (c) although education stands out as the major contributing variable which independently explains the variation in age at marriage, it seems probable that education may not be the major variable in the near future, and (d) despite the fact found by this study that age at marriages has been the major contributor to the variance of each of the fertility indices used, family planning practice will play a more important role in the reduction of fertility in the Korean society. Therefore, factors interrupting practice of family planning must be eliminated and family planning program should be strengthened if further fertility reduction is needed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.113-125
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• 1984

Water supply has been mainly dependent on the construction of the dams in Korea. It is difficult, however, to continue to construct dams for many reasons, such as the decrease of construction sites, the increase of construction costs, the compensation of residents in flooded areas, and the environmental effects. Water demands have increased and are expected to continue increasing due to the concentration of people in the cities, the rise of the living standard, and rapid industrial growth. It is acutely important to find countermeasures such as development of ground water, desalination, and recycling of waste water to cope with increasing water demands. Recycling waste water includes all means of supplying non-potable water for their respective usages with proper water quality which is not the same quality as potable water. The usages of the recycled water include toilet flushing, air conditioning, car washing, yard watering, road cleaning, park sprinkling, and fire fighting, etc. Raw water for recycling is obtained from drainage water from buildings, toilets, and cooling towers, treated waste water, polluted rivers, ground water, reinfall, etc. The water quantity must be considered as well as its quality in selecting raw water for the recycling. The types of recycling may be classified roughly into closed recycle systems and open recycle systems, which can be further subdivided into individual recycle systems, regional recycle systems and large scale recycle system. The treatment methods of wastewater combine biochemical and physiochemical methods. The former includes activated sludge treatment, bio-disc treatment, and contact aeration treatment, and the latter contains sedimentation, sand filtration, activated carbon adsorption, ozone treatment, chlorination, and membrane filter. The recycling patterns in other countries were investigated and the effects of the recycling were divided into direct and indirect effects. The problems of water reuse in recycle patterns were also studied. The problems include technological, sanitary, and operational problems as well as cost and legislative ones. The duties of installation and administrative organization, structural standards for reuse of water, maintenance and financial disposal were also studied.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.2021-2031
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• 2013

Due to the rapid economic growth within the nation, the quality of life of individuals have improved dramatically. The scope of living activities of individuals have also extended, resulting in a rapidly increasing demand for automobiles. The number of vehicles registered in Korea is rapidly increasing and will reach 188.71 million as of December 2012. Compared to the registered residents of 50.94 million provided by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, the registered population reflects about 4 people per every automobile. Due to the high demands for vehicles, the demands for parking lots in collective housing and businesses are also increasing. In reality, the current state of expansion of parking lots are underground, due to the limited available space on ground level. Specifically, the slope of a parking lot cannot exceed 17% linear slope and 14% curved slope according to the 'parking lot laws', however studies show that the driver feels at risk for safety when stopped on the parking ramp while driving in the parking lot. This study seeks to examine the suitability of parking lot ramps, concerning the safety aspects of the driver. First, the ramp type was categorized as linear or curved, then test drives were performed based on variations of slopes, slant distances, directions and points. A survey was administered to the driver after the completion of the test drive, in order to element design for an ideal ramp. In the case of curved ramp, the results of the estimate suggests a counterclockwise, slope at a maximum of 12% incline. The maximum slope for a linear ramp was analyzed to be between 13~14%, suggesting that slope greater than 15% need to be eliminated. In conclusion, it is anticipated that the element design parking ramp reported in this study will help to serve as a reference for future parking lot related guidelines, and provide cost effective traffic safety mechanisms in future parking lot businesses to follow.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.31-45
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• 1998

Human beings receive experiences and education in viewing and manipulating objects since birth, These experiences in forms and colours influence signifrcantty the formation of the person's humanity, sensibility and constituOOn until he becomes an adult. Considering that all objects coexist through space and time with human beings from birth to an adulthood, we can imagine how these things shape a person, Human beings' perception of form and colour might be different according to the person's living environment, experiences, education, age and job, However, when we see there are certain kinds of form and colour of that most people favor, we can understand that human beings have a certain inherent feelings about forms and colours, Let's suppose a man faces an object that dosen't correspond with his basic feelings about form and colour, He would avoid that object at least unconsoousty, All of his acts dealing with form and colour probably satisfy a desire for beauty which can be required from certain proper forms and colours, By revealing the feelings about forms and colours that human beings originally have, this study is going to explore what kinds of form and colour have what kinds of psychological and physical influences on human beings. Another purpose of this study is to be a theory suggesting more profitable and effective forms and colours psychologically and physically to the consumer. this study demonstrates that the basic feelings about forms and colours which human beings possess are different according to the individual's psychology and the body's condition. It also establishes the reality of the principle of how human psychology and the body change according to the surrounding environment. Finally, it will be appropriate for the suggested theory from this study to be used as fundamental material in deciding the forms and colours used in the design field in the future in that these forms and colours are more profitable and efftient.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2004

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the change of health status through the intervention of physical activity arid exercise program for the people living in the area where health promotion program has been executed. Methods: The data was obtained from self--administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, physical activity transition and health status variables using the SF-36(36-Item Short-From Health Survey). Data were analyzed 134 subjects participating in the physical activity arid exercise intervention programs. Results: The 35.1% of adults above 20 years of age are regularly physical activity and exercise before intervention program. but the rate increased to 49.3% after that. Frequency and duration of physical activity were increased, and frequency of participating in physical activity was increased from 0.9 times a week to 2.1 times especially. Scores of health status measured by SF-36 was increased in category (if general health after intervention of program, but those were decreased in category of vitality and mental health. Physical function of four groups classified by change of behavioral pattern were increased after intervention of program, especially in groups starting to physical activity. Conclusions: Physical activity and exercise is associated with health status. This study suggest that effective strategy and policy supporting for the promotion of physical activity and exercise should be needed in all peoples.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.133-145
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• 2004

Objectives: Depression is a major health concern that can be life threatening if not recognized and treated early. However, there is few report on the depressive disorder of Hansen disease patients in Korea. Therefore, the authors executed this study in order to check factors related to a depressive disorder of a Hansen disease patients and compare with factors to reach to a depressive symptoms of ordinary people with studying their life state and the trouble that Hansen disease patients were currently experiencing Method: The authors surveyed depressive symptoms using self-reported questionnaires in 74 Hansen disease patients and 84 controls. The severity of depressive symptoms was measured using Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) score. Result: Positive rate of depressive disorders among Hansen disease patients was 70.3% and that the referents was 31.0%. There is significant difference positive rate of depressive disorders between Hansen disease group and the referents in the factors such as gender, age, frequency of going out, familial type, and familial income. Depressive disorder of Hansen disease group was associated with sex, familial income. According to the multiple logistic regression, the odds ratios of the Hansen disease group versus referents, gender, familial income, frequency of going out were significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hansen disease patients had statistically significant higher depressive symptom score than the referents. Also, Hansen disease patients who have lower familial income were more likely to have depressive disorders. Therefore, Economical supports and policy are required for the Hansen disease patients.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-113
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the state of the dental health of adults, used self-reporting qestionnaire as objects of 923 residents living in nine districts at random among the sites of eleven town located in a County. The level of knowledge on dental health of adults in a County was 65.6 points out of 100 points, comparatively low. Accodingly, it is necessary for entire adults to have a dental health-related education and get high standard of knowledge. Especially, educational approach should be performed for groups of 40-49 years old, 50-59 years old, above 60 years old, male, no educational background, having only elementary and middle school education, not having any jobs, engaging in agriculture, doing business on their own and so on. When planning the contents of health education, one actually has to include the habit of amalgam, the factor in influencing on dental health as well as show an example such as how to brush teeth, checking point of proper brushing, how to grip toothbrush. The attitude score related to dental heath was 71.2 points out of 100 points, relatively low. Consequently, the change of attitude related the dental health among entire adults is necessary, particularily, the strategical approach is essential to change dental health connected to attitude positively for groups of male, having high school education background, office workers and the civil service. Besides, among dental health related symtoms, more that 30-40％ of objects showed negative attitude toward as the following cases; in case that plaque or food debris are attached to the teeth (40.8％), upper and lower teeth do not fit together(40.3％), you cannot sleep well because of toothache(31.0％), more than one tooth fall out(31.0％), you have loosing teeth(30.6％), the approach should be conducted to form attitude that dental care is necessry. The state of dental health through dental health related symtoms was 33.3 points out of 100 points, which was fairly satisfactory. However, dental treatment for the state of dental health should be executed in case of comparison of the dental health state according to general characteristics, the group who are above 60 years old, have elementary school education background, engage in aggriculture who are not good in dental health state as opposed to other groups. Furthermore, there should be dental care needs according to dental health related symtoms, particularly, more than 60-70％ of objects have experienced symtoms that plaque or food debris attached to the teeth, tartar is on the teeth so dental treatment should be peformed for a large number of adults. In addition, for the people who have indications that there was a cavity, more than one tooth loss, chilled teeth, toothache when chewing, loose teeth, upper and lower teeth do not fit together, you cannnt sleep well due to the toothach, etc, there should be care through dental treatment. The actual conditions of the hygine of the mouth was relatively good and the difference of the actual state of dental health care in terms of general characteristics showed in only gender; female was more careful in dental health. Comparing the state of oral health synthetically, when they have symtoms, only 34.8％ of objects go to a dentist, 60.7％ are using passive or negative care such as gargling, tolerating or ignoring. There was many symtoms to care through dental therapy such as plaque or food debris get in between the teeth, tartar on the teeth, teeth are very cold, more than one tooth fallout, loose teeth, there is wrong amalgam, and so on, among symtoms to care passively or negatively. Therefore the education for proper treatment program should be performed. As a result of dental health-related knowlege, attitude, health state, verification of correlation between the actual condition of care, the higher the dental heath-related knowldege becomes, the more positive the dental health-related attitude is, and the state of dental health, that is, the standard of the symtom of dental health diminishes. the care for dental health executed through more active method and the more positive dental health-related attitude is, the more active means they performed. Consequently, the high level of dental health-related knowledge should be necessary, the more positive the dental health-related attitude was, the more active method they adopted, therefore, the program is needed to form attitude related to the dental health positively. As the knowledge on dental health is increasing, the attitude is also positive, after all, the plan to increase the standard of knowledge on dental health should be contrived through education program related to dental health.