• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1999

Cosmetic mask is one of the traditional cosmetic product and is used to keep skin healthy and beautiful through moisturizing effect, cleansing effect and acceleration effect on microcirculation. There are several types of cosmetic mask such as peel-off type, tissue-off type, wash-off type and cotton sheet type immersed in cosmetic water. It is important for cosmetic formulators to develop an adequate type of cosmetic mask that meets the needs of the target consumers because each type of cosmetic mask has benefits and problems in its usage and efficacy. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used as an active ingredient of peel-off type cosmetic mask and the physical property of the PVA film changes with the usage of other ingredients. We studied the change of physical properties of the film containing PVA by formulating peel-off type cosmetic mask with the variation of humectants. Methylguceth-20 and glycereth-26 reduce the interaction between skin surface and PVA film without serious weakening of tensile strength and they can alleviate irritation. Glycerin, urea and betaine help PVA film soften and they also have excellent efficacy as humectants.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1999년도 IFSCC . ASCS 학술대회 발표 논문
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• pp.51-55
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• 1999

Cosmetic mask is one of the traditional cosmetic product and is used to keep skin healthy and beautiful through moisturizing effect, cleansing effect and acceleration effect on microcirculation. There are several types of cosmetic mask such as peel-off type, tissue-off type, wash-off type and cotton sheet type immersed in cosmetic water. It is important for cosmetic formulators to develop an adequate type of cosmetic mask that meets the needs of the target consumers because each type of cosmetic mask has benefits and problems in its usage and efficacy. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used as an active ingredient of peel-off type cosmetic mask and the physical property of the PVA film changes with the usage of other ingredients. We studied the change of physical properties of the film containing PVA by formulating peel-off type cosmetic mask with the variation of humectants. Methylguceth-20 and glycereth-26 reduce the interaction between skin surface and PVA film without serious weakening of tensile strength and they can alleviate irritation. Glycerin, urea and betaine help PVA film soften and they also have excellent efficacy as humectants.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 천연 및 자연주의 화장품 시장에 대응하여 폴리비닐알코올(polyvinyl alcohol, PVA)을 이용한 필 오프 팩을 대체할 수 있는 성분을 탐색하고자 하였다. 수용성 다당류인 풀루란(pullulan)과 기타 다당류(sodium hyaluronate, cellulose gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, corn starch)와의 조합을 통한 필 오프 팩을 제조하였으며, 각 필 오프 팩의 pH와 점도, 온도별 안정도를 확인하였다. 제조한 필름의 두께와 인장 강도를 측정하여 기존의 PVA 필 오프 팩과 비교하였으며, 피부에서의 도포성과 건조속도, 제거성을 확인하였다. 그 중 pullulan-sodium hyaluronate 필오프 팩은 5.12% 얇은 두께와 4.23% 높은 필름 인장강도로 PVA 필 오프 팩을 대체할 수 있는 우수한 필름성을 보였다. 실제 피부에 적용 시 팩의 퍼짐 정도와 균일하게 도포 가능한 사용성, 건조 후 제거 시 필름의 형성 및 제거 강도 평가 또한 PVA 필 오프 팩과 흡사한 수준을 보였다. 이에 pullulan-sodium hyaluronate 필름은 천연 필 오프 팩으로 PVA 필 오프 팩을 대체할 수 있을 정도의 물성을 보임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2002

We prepared a novel dosage form, peel-off type soft hydrogel using poly(vinyl alcohol), and evaluated the effect of skin penetration enhancer on the indomethacin release from soft hydrogel by in vitro permeation and in vivo absorption test. In this study, we used four enhancers-urea, dimethyl urea, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl urea, and pirotiodecane (1-[2(decylthio)ethyl]azacyclopentane-2-one, $HPE-101^{circledR}$). In addition, we evaluated the primary skin irritation test of soft hydrogel using rabbit. From these results, we could find the pirotiodecane was a prominent enhancer, and soft hydrogel seemed to be safe and have no irritancy.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2023

Background: There is minimal literature on the morphology of partial distal biceps tendon (DBT) tears. We sought to investigate tear morphology by retrospectively reviewing 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3T MRI) scans of elbows with partial DBT tears and to propose a basic classification system. Methods: 3T MRI scans of elbows with partial DBT tears were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced observers. Basic demographic data were collected. Tear morphology was recorded including type, presence of retraction (>5 mm), and presence of discrete long-head and short-head tendons at the DBT insertion. Results: For analysis, 44 3T MRI scans of 44 elbows with partial DBT tears were included. There were 9 isolated long-head tears (20%), 13 isolated short-head tears (30%), 2 complete long-head tears with a partial short-head tear (5%), 5 complete short-head tears with a partial long-head tear (11%), and 15 peel-off tears (34%). Retraction was seen in 5 or 44 partial tears (11%), and 13 of the 44 DBTs were bifid tendons at the insertion (30%). Conclusions: Partial DBT tears can be classified into five sub-types: long-head isolated tears, short-head isolated tears, complete long-head tears with partial short-head involvement, complete short-head tears with partial long-head involvement, and peel-off tears. Classification of tears may have implications for operative and non-operative management. Level of evidence: III.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2009

유구 이전의 안정성은 현재 개발되어 사용되고 있는 반수용성 우레탄 1 차 전사체와 2 차 최종 에폭시 생성물의 우수한 물성으로 볼 때, 박리제의 물성과 박리성에 의해 좌우된다. 본 연구에서는 계면활성제를 사용하지 않은 세 가지 형태의 자기분산형 박리제를 합성하여 이들이 나타내는 박리성과 물성, 박리 후의 상태에 대하여 연구하고자 하였다. 이 수용성 자기 분산형 에폭시의 그 간의 박리제에서 문제시 되었던 지속 기간을 5 시간에서 60 일 이상으로 개선하였으며, 30% 수용화 이상에서 안정한 박리성을 보이고 있고, 건조 전후의 표면 색도의 변화도 없었다. 계면활성화제를 사용한 박리제와 비슷한 결과로 박리압을 나타내어 15~50 kg/$cm^2$을 나타내고 있으며, 저점도의 폴리머 사용 시, 고형분의 함량을 높이더라도 백화 현상이 발생하지 않아 저점도형 박리제로 사용이 가능한 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.378-383
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• 1996

감귤과피로부터 다양한 생리활성 효과와 기능적 특성을 갖는 식이섬유(dietary fibers, DF)를 생산하기 위한 회분식 다단계 한외여과 공정에서 최적 분리 조건은 막횡단압력 7.5 psi,막분리 온도 $35^{\circ}C$, 과피추출즙 pH 3.0으로 결정하였으며, MWCO 단계별 flux 측정에서는 YM10이 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으나 retentate 회수율과 DF 함량면에 있어서는 YM100 단계가 더 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 각 단계별 총식이섬유 (total dietary fiber, TDF) 함량 비교 결과 본래 과피의 TDF 함량은 33.4%, 170 mesh retentate의 TDF 함량은 18.5%, YM100 retentate에서의 TDF 함량은 8.4%로 나타나 거의 대부분의 DF가 예비여과와 YM100단계에서 회수됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
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• pp.76-79
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• 2003

The characteristic of single wall carbon nanotube (SW-CNT) and herringbone nano fiber (HB-CNF) emitters was described. SW-CNT synthesized by arc discharge and HB-CNF prepared by thermal CVD were mixed with binders and conductive materials, and then were formed by screen-printing process. In order to obtain efficient field emissions, the surface treatment of rubbing & peel-off was applied to the printed CNT and CNF emitters. The basic structure of FED was of a diode type through fully vacuum packaging. Also, we proposed a new triode type of field emitter using a mesh gate plate having tapered holes and could achieve the ideal triode properties with no gate leakage currents.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.21-24
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• 2008

Properties of carbon nano fiber (CNF) as field emitters were described. Carbon nano fiber (CNF) of herringbone was prepared by thermal chemical vapor deposition(CVD). Field emitters mixed with organic binders, conductive materials and were prepared by screen-printing process. In order to increase field emissions, the surface treatment of rubbing & peel-off was applied to the printed CNF emitters on cathode electrode. The measurements of field emission properties were carried out by using a diode structure inline vacuum chamber. CNF of herringbone type showed good emission properties that a turn on field was as low as 2.1 $V/{\mu}m$ and current density was as large as 0.15 $mA/cm^2$ of 4.2 $V/{\mu}m$ with electric field. Through the results. we propose that CNFs are suitable for application of electron emitters in Field Emission Devices.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2013

Decision-making is to extract information that can be executed in the future, it refers to the process of discovering a new data model that is induced in the data. In other words, it is to find out the information to peel off to find the vein to catch the relationship between the hidden patterns in data. The information found here, is a process of finding the relationship between the useful patterns by applying modeling techniques and sophisticated statistical analysis of the data. It is called data mining which is a key technology for marketing database. Therefore, research for cluster analysis of the current is performed actively, which is capable of extracting information on the basis of the large data set without a clear criterion. The EM and K-means methods are used a lot in particular, how the result values of evaluating are come out in experiments, which are depending on the size of the data by the type of distance-based and probability-based data analysis.