• Title/Summary/Keyword: pedestrian level

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A Study of Improvement on Pedestrian Level of Service by Pedestrian Satisfaction - Focused on Lower Floor Building Use in Seoul - (보행만족도에 따른 보행서비스수준 지표개선 - 서울시 저층부 용도를 대상으로 -)

  • Moon, Young-gi;Kim, Dong-joon;Han, Jei-hyun;Kang, Jun-mo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.979-990
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    • 2018
  • The main purpose of this study is to discriminate the pedestrian environment by simple calculation such as using the matrix from pedestrian level of service. However, the general use of pedestrian level of service cannot discriminate the environment of footpaths, especially in Seoul. Most of the passages in Seoul are showing level A, which means most passages are spacious, but pedestrians don't agree that passages are wide enough to walk. In conclusion, comparing the pedestrian level of service with pedestrian satisfaction in different circumstances such as use of building in lower floors. Test areas are 1,157 spots in Seoul. First, The new pedestrian level of service shows equally in all spots. Second, spots where the highest pedestrian satisfaction are mostly in level B or level C, thus planning the walkways in future, level B or level C is recommended in most cases.

Reliability of numerical computation of pedestrian-level wind environment around a row of tall buildings

  • Lam, K.M.;To, A.P.
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.473-492
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    • 2006
  • This paper presents numerical results of pedestrian-level wind environment around the base of a row of tall buildings by CFD. Four configurations of building arrangement are computed including a single square tall building. Computed results of pedestrian-level wind flow patterns and wind speeds are compared to previous wind tunnel measurement data to enable an assessment of CFD predictions. The CFD model uses the finite-volume method with RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$ model for turbulence closure. It is found that the numerical results can reproduce key features of pedestrian-level wind environment such as corner streams around corners of upwind building, sheltered zones behind buildings and channeled high-speed flow through a building gap. However, there are some differences between CFD results and wind tunnel data in the wind speed distribution and locations of highest wind speeds inside the corner streams. In locations of high ground-level wind speeds, CFD values match wind tunnel data within ${\pm}10%$.

Study on the Enhancement of the Level of Service for the Pedestrian Queuing Area (보행자 점유공간 현행화 및 대기공간 서비스수준 산정을 위한 개선 연구)

  • Jungeun Yoon;Kyeongjin Lee;Hyoungsuk Jin;Heecheon You;Ilsoo Yun
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2024
  • Pedestrian facilities encompass pedestrian roads, stairs, and queuing areas exclusively designed for pedestrian use. The Korean Highway Capacity Manual provides guidelines for analyzing the capacity and level of service of pedestrian facilities. However, there is a lack of analysis methods tailored specifically for pedestrian facilities. Therefore, in this study, we introduced a new standard of pedestrian space to account for changes in the Korean body ellipse. Furthermore, based on this newly defined pedestrian space, we proposed a new standard value for the level of service of queuing areas. The results of on-site surveys confirmed that the proposed level of service can effectively reflect the actual walking situation.

Level of Service Evaluation of Pedestrian Road Using Micro-Simulation (미시적 교통 시뮬레이션을 활용한 보행자도로 서비스 수준 평가)

  • Park, Soon Yong;Cho, Hyerim;Cho, Ga Young;Yun, Ilsoo
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.26-36
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    • 2020
  • The use of existing macroscopic research of pedestrian behavior on the walking link as data is limited in determining an individual pedestrian's moving route and the level of service. In macroscopic studies, it is difficult to make quantitative indices, such as pedestrian flow rate, occupied space, density, and speed for determining the level of service on pedestrian roads. Therefore, the microscopic pedestrian route is required to establish appropriate pedestrian policies. In this study, the Yeok-Sam subway station network was examined using a micro-simulation VISSIM, which was then calibrated and validated statistically. The Pedestrian Road's Level of Service of Yeok-Sam subway station area was evaluated using the pedestrian speed as the evaluating index on the Korean highway capacity handbook.

Development of Criteria for Determining Level of Service for Pedestrian Walkway Considering a Pedestrian Platoon: Focusing on the Hongik University Area (보행 특성을 고려한 보행자 서비스수준 평가지표 개발: 홍익대학교 주변지역을 대상으로)

  • CHOI, Sung Taek;CHOO, Sang Ho;JEON, Na Yeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.191-206
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    • 2016
  • Pedestrian performance measurement has generally used the average values of pedestrian volumes and speeds from a sample, although each individual's pedestrian behavior of the sample is mainly affected by his/her socio-economic and physical characteristics. In particular, if such individual characteristics of the sample have wide variations, the average values are hard to be representative. In this respect, this study found that a platoon of pedestrians had a major effect on their pedestrian flows on sidewalks. The more platoons was mixed on pedestrian roads, the lower pedestrian flow rate was. The indexes such as a pedestrian flow rate and an occupancy space are typically calculated by pedestrian volumes in a given period of time regardless of the existence of a platoon. However, it is plausible that a pedestrian speed and a level of pedestrian congestion can be different under the equal amount of pedestrian volumes. Therefore, this study suggested criteria for determining level of service for pedestrian considering platoon effects and confirmed that two places had different pedestrian LOSs because of the platoon effects, even if they showed the same pedestrian flow rate.

Assessment of Pedestrian Comfort Levels Based on the Microscopic Features of Pedestrian Traffic Flow (보행교통류 시뮬레이션 모형을 활용한 보행편의성 지표의 개발 및 분석)

  • LEE, Joo-Yong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.499-509
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    • 2016
  • The pedestrian traffic flow has more complicated microscopic features than vehicular traffic flow. Without any designated lanes or any guidance, pedestrians naturally move and change their routes in two dimensional domain with ease. Thus the assessment of pedestrian comfort level should be considering the microscopic features of pedestrian flow. This study is aimed at developing pedestrian comfort criteria based upon pedestrian flow simulation model. This study suggests three criteria to determine pedestrian comfort level; the deviation of route, the acceleration of walk, and the number of collision. Each criterion, which can address the unique walking patterns of pedestrian flow, is represented as each different function with respect to traffic flow rate. The criteria can be the additional indicators to determine the level of service of pedestrian flow together with traffic flow rate and walking speed.

Verification of Speed-up Mechanism of Pedestrian-level Winds Around Square Buildings by CFD

  • Hideyuki Tanaka;Qiang Lin;Yasuhiko Azegami;Yukio Tamura
    • International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.301-314
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    • 2022
  • Various studies have been conducted on pedestrian-level wind environments around buildings. With regard to the speed-up mechanism of pedestrian-level winds, there are references to downwash effect due to the vertical pressure gradient of boundary layer flow and venturi effect due to flow blocking by the building. Two factors contribute to increase or decrease of downwash effect: change in twodimensional / three-dimensional air flow pattern (Type 1) and change in downwash wind speed due to building size that does not accompany change in airflow pattern (Type 2). Previous studies have shown that downwash effect has a greater influence in increasing or decreasing the area of strong wind than venturi effect. However, these considerations are derived from the horizontal mean wind speed distribution at pedestrian level and are not the result of three-dimensional flow field around the building. Therefore, in this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics using Large Eddy Simulation were performed to verify the downwash phenomena that contributes to increase in wind speed at pedestrian level.

An Improved LOS Analysis Method for Pedestrian Walkways Using Pedestrian Space (보행 점유공간을 이용한 보행자도로 서비스수준 분석방법론 개선 연구)

  • JUN, Sung Uk;SON, Yonug Tae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.168-179
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    • 2016
  • This study describes an improved model for estimating pedestrian LOS (Level of Service) by utilizing the space occupied by pedestrians. The method introduced the concept of conflict along the bi-directional pedestrian flow which enables calculating conflict area and average travel time in walking. Especially, the method incorporates the idea of generalized density concept which can consider effective walking area and pedestrian flow rates that might vary during the analysis period. After establishing methodology, adjustments of pedestrian LOS criteria in term of walking space occupied by pedestrians were performed. As a result, walking-occupied space at capacity level is 0.68 and corresponding pedestrian flow rate was calculated as 80 persons/min/m, while different pedestrian-occupied spaces were ordered to classify LOS at the points where the gradient changes. Furthermore, the statistical verification of service levels has shown that there is significant difference among all LOS categories at 5% significance level.

Inferring Pedestrian Level of Service for Pathways through Electrodermal Activity Monitoring

  • Lee, Heejung;Hwang, Sungjoo
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2022.06a
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    • pp.1247-1248
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    • 2022
  • Due to rapid urbanization and population growth, it has become crucial to analyze the various volumes and characteristics of pedestrian pathways to understand the capacity and level of service (LOS) for pathways to promote a better walking environment. Different indicators have been developed to measure pedestrian volume. The pedestrian level of service (PLOS), tailored to analyze pedestrian pathways based on the concept of the LOS in transportation in the Highway Capacity Manual, has been widely used. PLOS is a measurement concept used to assess the quality of pedestrian facilities, from grade A (best condition) to grade F (worst condition), based on the flow rate, average speed, occupied space, and other parameters. Since the original PLOS approach has been criticized for producing idealistic results, several modified versions of PLOS have also been developed. One of these modified versions is perceived PLOS, which measures the LOS for pathways by considering pedestrians' awareness levels. However, this method relies on survey-based measurements, making it difficult to continuously deploy the technique to all the pathways. To measure PLOS more quantitatively and continuously, researchers have adopted computer vision technologies to automatically assess pedestrian flows and PLOS from CCTV videos. However, there are drawbacks even with this method because CCTVs cannot be installed everywhere, e.g., in alleyways. Recently, a technique to monitor bio-signals, such as electrodermal activity (EDA), through wearable sensors that can measure physiological responses to external stimuli (e.g., when another pedestrian passes), has gained popularity. It has the potential to continuously measure perceived PLOS. In their previous experiment, the authors of this study found that there were many significant EDA responses in crowded places when other pedestrians acting as external stimuli passed by. Therefore, we hypothesized that the EDA responses would be significantly higher in places where relatively more dynamic objects pass, i.e., in crowded areas with low PLOS levels (e.g., level F). To this end, the authors conducted an experiment to confirm the validity of EDA in inferring the perceived PLOS. The EDA of the subjects was measured and analyzed while watching both the real-world and virtually created videos with different pedestrian volumes in a laboratory environment. The results showed the possibility of inferring the amount of pedestrian volume on the pathways by measuring the physiological reactions of pedestrians. Through further validation, the research outcome is expected to be used for EDA-based continuous measurement of perceived PLOS at the alley level, which will facilitate modifying the existing walking environments, e.g., constructing pathways with appropriate effective width based on pedestrian volume. Future research will examine the validity of the integrated use of EDA and acceleration signals to increase the accuracy of inferring the perceived PLOS by capturing both physiological and behavioral reactions when walking in a crowded area.

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The Study on the Elementary Schoolchild's the Fear of Crime in Pedestrian Environment around Elementary School in Detached Housing Area - Focused on the Pedestrian path around 5 Elementary School in Ilsan New Town - (초등학교 주변 보행환경에 대한 초등학생의 범죄 불안감 조사 연구 - 일산 다세대 주택지에 위치하는 5개 초등학교 주변 보행환경을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, You-Mi
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the elementary schoolchildren's the fear of crime in pedestrian environment of elementary school for providing the basic design resource. Method:In order to deal with that, the questionnaire survey on the elementary schoolchildren's the fear of crime were conducted in 5 elementary schools in Ilsan new town. The results of the 293 questionnaires survey were analyzed through SPSS program. Result: The main results were as follows. The level of fear of crime in pedestrian environment differed in these 5 elementary schools because of the width of pedestrian path, the concealed place around pedestrian path, the nearness of park, the height/shape/interval of trees, the number of car and the closure-watching in the school caused by fence and trees and so on. The level of fear of crime in pedestrian environment differed between that of boy groups and that of girls groups because of the number of emergency bell/telephon, the shape of pedestrian path, the number of security office, the number of car and the concealed place around pedestrian path and so on.