• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2016

2014년 기준 65세 이상 노인은 전체인구의 12.7%로서 우리나라는 조만간에 고령사회로 진입하게 되고 노인 등 교통약자들도 다양한 사회경제적 활동으로 일반인과 동등하게 안전하고 편리하게 이동할 수 있도록 이동권이 보장되어야 한다. 교통약자의 가장 기본적인 수단인 보행은 일반인과 다른 보행특성을 보임에도 불구하고 기존 보행 관련 시설 및 운영은 이에 대한 고려가 부족한 현실이다. 본 연구는 융복합 시대를 맞이하여 교통약자(노인)의 보행 관련 교통사고 특성을 살펴보고 여수시를 사례로 횡단보도에서 노인의 보행실태와 보행횡단 요소를 분석하고자 한다. 2014년 기준 교통사고 자료에 의하면, 노인 교통사고는 전체 교통사고의 9.9%로 발생하고 있으나 노인사망자수는 전체의 40.3%를 차지하고 있고 노인 사망자수의 47.4%가 차대보행자 사고로 기인한다. 또한 전체 보행자 중 노인 보행자 발생은 18.7%이나 노인 보행자 사망자 비율은 49.3%에 해당하는 매우 높은 비중을 차지하고 노인보행자 치사율이 3.03명으로 전체보행자 치사율보다 3배정도 높게 나타난다. 교통약자(노인) 횡단 보행요소인 반응시간과 보행속도를 조사한 결과, 노인 신체능력 하위 15%-tile에 해당하는 반응시간은 4.56초와 보행속도는 초당 0.76m가 적절한 것으로 분석되었고 조사지점의 횡단보행 신호운영을 평가한 결과 보행안전성이 떨어지는 것으로 판단되어 개선된 보행신호 운영이 요구되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.550-560
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• 2018

세계 각국 정부는 자동차 안전성 향상을 위한 첨단 운전자 보조시스템(ADAS, Advanced Driver Assistance System)에 대해 연구 지원 및 정책을 시행하고 있다. 이러한 노력으로 교통사고 사상자수는 지속적으로 감소하고 있다. 그러나 국내 교통사고 사상자 수는 OECD 35개국 가운데 최하위이며, 사망률은 31위를 기록하고 있다. 교통사고는 사고의 원인에 따라 차대차(V2V, Vehicle to Vehicle), 차대사람(V2P, Vehicle to Pedestrian), 차량단독과 같은 세 가지 유형으로 분류된다. 사고원인은 운전자의 인지, 판단, 조작 등의 실수로 인하여 발생한다. 이러한 이유로 사고 감소 및 예방을 위해 제안된 것이 ADAS 이다. 그리고 현재 자동차 산업계에서는 각종 안전장치를 개발하고 있으나, 성능검사를 위한 실차시험은 제한적이며 위험성을 동반하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는, 제한적인 실차시험의 극복을 위해 브레이크 제동력 평가 기술에 관한 시험평가 방법의 국제표준을 검토하고, 제동력에 관한 이론식과 제어 알고리즘을 제안한 뒤 이를 실차시험으로 비교하여 타당성을 검증하였다. 이 결과는 ADAS의 기능에 따른 제동력을 확인 할 수 있으며, 개발단계에서 제안한 이론식으로 경향성 예측이 가능해져 실차시험의 위험성을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2021

현재 자율주행차량 시장은 3레벨 자율주행차량을 상용화하고 있으나, 안정성의 문제로 완전 자율주행 중에도 사고가 발생할 가능성이 있다. 실제로 자율주행차량은 81건의 사고를 기록하고 있다. 3레벨과 다르게 4레벨 이후의 자율주행차량은 긴급상황을 스스로 판단하고 대처해야 하기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 CNN을 통하여 차량 외부의 정보를 수집하여 저장하고, 저장된 정보와 차량 센서 데이터를 이용하여 차량이 처한 위기 상황을 0~1 사이의 수치로 출력하는 차량 내·외부 데이터 및 딥러닝 기반 차량 위기 감지 시스템을 제안한다. 차량 위기 감지 시스템은 CNN기반 신경망 모델을 사용하여 주변 차량과 보행자 데이터를 수집하는 차량 외부 상황 수집 모듈과 차량 외부 상황 수집 모듈의 출력과 차량 내부 센서 데이터를 이용하여 차량이 처한 위기 상황을 수치화하는 차량 위기 상황 판단 모듈로 구성된다. 실험 결과, VESCM의 평균 연산 시간은 55ms 였고, R-CNN은 74ms, CNN은 101ms였다. 특히, R-CNN은 보행자수가 적을 때 VESCM과 비슷한 연산 시간을 보이지만, 보행자 수가 많아 질수록 VESCM보다 많은 연산 시간을 소요했다. 평균적으로 VESCM는 R-CNN보다 25.68%, CNN보다 45.54% 더 빠른 연산 시간을 가졌고, 세 모델의 정확도는 모두 80% 이하로 감소하지 않으며 높은 정확도를 보였다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2006

Tension viscerothorax (gastrothorax) is rare life-threatening disease which is caused by air trapped in viscera. A distended viscera in the hemi-thorax shifts the mediastinal structures and causes extra-cardiac obstructive shock. A defective diaphragm is caused by abdominal trauma or a congenital anomaly. Traumatic diaphragmatic injury can be missed until herniation develops several years after blunt trauma. In our case, a 10-year old boy developed hemodynamic compromise in the emergency department. Three years earlier, he had suffered blunt abdominal trauma during a pedestrian traffic accident, but there was no evidence of diaphragmatic injury at that time. He was successfully resuscitated by gastric decompression and an emergent thoracic operation. The operation finding revealed a traumatic diaphragmatic injury. Tension viscerothorax is a rare, but catastrophic, condition, so we suggest that addition of tension viscerothorax to the Advanced Trauma and Life Support (ATLS) guidelines may be helpful.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.112-120
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• 1996

We peformed tendon transfer with a microvascular free flap for recovery of handicapped function and reconstruction for the skin and soft tissue loss. We review the clinical data of 11 children who underwent these operation due to injured foot by pedestrian accident from January, 1986 to June, 1994. The mean age of patients was 5.6 years old(3-8). Five cases underwent tendon transfer and microvascular free flap simultaneously. Another 6 cases underwent operations separately. The time interval between tendon trasnfer and microvascular free flap was average 5.6 months(2-15 months). The duration between initial trauma and tendon transfer was average 9.6 months(2-21 months). The anterior tibial tendon was used in 6 cases. Among these, the technique of splitting the anterior tibial tendon was used in 5 cases. The posterior tibial tendon was used in 3 cases and the extenosr digitorum longus tendon of the foot in 2 cases. Insertion sites of tendon transfer were the cuboid bone in 3 cases, the 3rd cuneiform bone in 3 cases, the 2nd cuneiform bone in 1 case, the base of 4th metatarsal bone in 1 case, and the remnant of the extensor hallucis longus in 3 cases. The duration of follow-up was average 29.9 months(12-102 months). The clinical results were analysed by Srinivian criteria. Nine cases were excellent and 2 cases were good. The postoperative complications were loosening of the tranferred tendon in 2 cases, plantar flexion contracture in 1 case, mild flat foot deformity in 1 case and hypertrophic scar in 2 cases. So we recommend the tendon transfer with a microvascular free flap in the case of injured foot of children combined with nerve injury and extensive loss of skin, soft tissue and tendon.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.755-761
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• 2015

가설울타리는 건설현장에서 환경규제와 보행자의 안전을 위해 필수적으로 설치해야 하는 시설물로서 가설울타리 골조의 구조적 일체성은 시공사의 책임에 의해 주어진다. 가설울타리 골조는 기둥과 띠장만으로 구성하면 면외방향 강성이 부족하기 때문에 일반적으로 보조 말뚝과 가새로 보강한다. 본 연구에서는 가새의 위치에 대한 이론적 분석을 통해 3가지 형태의 보강 골조를 제안하고, 제안 모델에 대한 구조해석을 통해 최대 모멘트와 횡변위를 기준으로 구조적 거동을 비교하였다. 이때 도심이나 혼잡한 곳에 설치될 수도 있는 건설현장의 특수성을 반영하여 구조해석시 군중에 의한 상황도 고려하였다. 분석 결과, 기존 가설울타리 골조 형태에서 가새 설치위치의 중간부분에 보조 가새를 설치한 보강 형태가 가장 효율적인 것으로 판명되었다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.421-426
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• 2012

As headlamp technology advances, newly developed various headlamps were introduced in the market. The objective of this study is to quantitatively analyze the detection distance of the recently developed LED headlamps and existing headlamps, complying with specific technical standard. Background: The detection distance of headlamps is very important to prevent automobile accident at night time. The studies of detection distance of LED, Halogen and HID headlamp have been conducted, but no study has shown the detection distance of pedestrian target with various colors (Black, White, Blue). Method: The experiment of detection distance was conducted with 30 people, which divide into 2 groups as 15 men and 15 women. Automatic transferable target on the rail was manufactured in order to reduce the error of study's result, and ANOVA also conducted to analyze the main effect with sign color, sex and headlamp classified by detection distance. In addition, the luminance by average detection distance was measured as well. Results: The detection distance of headlamps was HID > LED > Halogen. The luminance measure of LED headlamp was lower than HID and Halogen headlamps. Conclusion: The headlamp performs a very significant role for safety at night time but it needs to be improved through assessment of visual characteristics. Also, it needs to be suggested the need of test method for dynamic detection distance concerning technical development is suggested.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Purpose: Injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children. As an injury prevention measure, the differences in external causes of severe pediatric injuries based on ICECI were analyzed according to age groups. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for pediatric patients under 15 years of age, who had been admitted to the emergency department with severe injuries from January 1998 to December 2004. The external causes of injury were investigated according to the ICECI: intent, mechanisms, places of occurrence, objects/substances producing injury, and related activities. The patients were divided into four groups based on age: infant (<0 year), toddler (1~4 years), preschool age (5~8 years), and school age (9~15 years). Results: The injury mechanisms, the places of occurrence and the related objects/substances vary with the age groups. The most common subtype of traffic accidents was pedestrian injury in pre-school age group. Falls most frequently occurred in the toddler group. But falls from a height of less than l meter height (6 patients) occurred only in the infant group. The most common place of occurrence in the infant group was the home, and that of other groups was the road. The related objects/substances for falls, for example, household furnitures and playground equipment depended on the age group. Conclusion: The age-group specific characteristics of severe pediatric injury were analyzed successfully through the ICECI. Therefore, when establishing a plan for the prevention of pediatric injury, consideration must be given to the differences in the external causes of injuries according to age group.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2013

Purpose: Crushing injuries by car tires result from a combination of friction, shearing, and compression forces and the severity of injury is influenced by the acceleration. Because car-tire injuries of the lower leg in children are common these days but they have received little attention; thus, our purpose was to look closely into this problem. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data from children under 15 years old age who visited an emergency department because of a car-tire-related crushing injury to the lower leg in pedestrian traffic accident from January 2008 to September 2012. The patient's age, sex, site of injury, degree of injury, associated injuries, type of surgery, and complications were reviewed. Results: There were 39 children, the mean age was 8.0 years, and 71.8% were boys. The dorsal part of the leg was involved most frequently. According to the severity classification, 15 children were grade I, 6 were grade II, and 18 were grade III. Among 24 patients, 13 were treated with skin graft and 3 were treated using a sural flap. Twelve patients developed complications, such as hypertrophic scarring, contractures, and deformities with significant bone loss. Conclusion: Various degrees of skin or soft tissue defects were caused in children by car tires. In this study, patients were often also had tendon or bone damage. Proper and timely initial treatments are needed to reduce the incidence of infection, the number of operative procedures, and the hospital stay.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.103-106
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• 2018

Fat embolism refers to the presence of fat droplets within the peripheral and lung microcirculation with or without clinical sequelae. However, early diagnosis of fat embolism is very difficult because the embolism usually does not show at the computed tomography as a large fat complex within vessels. Forty-eight-year-old male with pedestrian traffic accident ransferred from a local hospital by helicopter to the regional trauma center by two flight surgeons on board. At the rendezvous point, he had suffered with dyspnea without any airway obstruction sign with 90% of oxygen saturation from pulse oximetry with giving 15 L of oxygen by a reserve bag mask. The patient was intubated at the rendezvous point. The secondary survey of the patient revealed multiple pelvic bone fracture with sacrum fracture, right femur shaft fracture and right tibia head fracture. Abdominal computed tomography was performed in 191 minutes after the injury and fat embolism with Hounsfield unit of -86 in his right common iliac vein was identified. Here is a very rare case that mass of fat embolism was shown within common iliac vein detected in computed tomography. Early detection of the fat embolus and early stabilization of the fractures are essential to the prevention of sequelae such as cerebral fat embolism.