• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.453-457
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• 1997

한국산 호박과 일본산 호박을 주서로 갈아서 30분간 끓인 다음 착즙, 원심분리하여 당을 분석하였다. 한국산 호박의 수크로오스 함량은 0.41%, 프룩토오스는 0.54%, 글루코오스는 0.61%, 전분은 0.68%를 나타냈다. 일본산 호박은 수크로오스 2.60%, 프룩토오스 2.76%, 글루코오스 1.91%, 전분 1.22%를 나타냈다. 다른 소당은 검출되지 않았다. 일본산 호박 전분을 NMR로 분석한 결과 $\alpha$-1,4-글루코시드 결합만 나타냈으며, 요오드 반응의 흡광도는 아밀로오스(DP 117)의 86%를 나타내 아밀로오스만으로 구성된 것으로 나타났다. 카르바졸법으로 펙틴 함량을 분석한 결과 한국산 호박은 6.29%, 일본산 호박은 2.67%fmf 나타냈다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.480-484
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• 1997

한국산 수삼을 주서로 갈아 30분간 끓인 다음 착즙, 원심분리하여 당을 추출하여 HPLC 및 TLC로 당을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 수크로오스는 3.77%, 말토오스는 3.5%, 포룩토오스는 0.09%로 나타났다. 다른 소당류는 검출되지 않았다. NMR 분석 결과 전분은 $\alpha$-1, 4-글루코시드 결합만을 나타내고, 요오드 반응은 아밀로오스(DP 117) 흡광도의 92%를 나타냈기 때문에 아밀로오스만으로 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 카르바졸법으로 펙틴을 분석한 결과 갈락투론산으로 0.22%를 나타냈다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to estimate the contents of dietary insoluble and soluble fiber in school meal. Samples of the school meals were collected from May to June in 2008. Three elementary schools and three middle schools around Masan area were selected for analysis. Dietary soluble and insoluble fibers in the school meals were analyzed directly by the AOAC method. From the initial experiment phase, we used cellulose and pectin as a standard of dietary fiber, and average recovery rate of insoluble fiber and soluble fiber was calculated. The recovery rate was observed, the cellulose $109.7{\pm}11.7%$ (range 90~150%) and pectin $77.8{\pm}10.8%$ (range 64.7~96.7%), respectively. The amounts of insoluble fiber and soluble fiber were analyzed in the total of 66 dishes, which included 7 kinds of cooked rice (bab) made with some cereal products and vegetables, 19 kinds of soup (guk) made with meats or vegetables, 11 kinds of kimchi, 21 kinds of entr$\acute{e}$es or side dishes, and 8 special dishes. Conclusively the school meal, per serving size, would provide above 75% KDRI of total dietary fibers through mainly soups and special menu, with the exception to fruits. In addition, it might be expected that children could consume more soluble fiber from the meals with the special dishes than from the regular ones.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.598-602
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• 2004

미역귀의 알긴산 함량은 알칼리가용성 알긴산 추출법에 의한 미역귀 알긴산 수율이 33.8%,비교구로서 미역줄기의 알긴산 수율이 22.3%를 나타내어 알긴산 수율은 미역귀가 높게 나타났다. 미역귀 잼의 주원료인 미역귀 페이스트는 미역귀를 자숙, 염장하여 건조한 것을 물에 침지하여 탈염하고 물기를 뺀 후, 2.5배의 물을 가하여 초퍼와 균질기를 차례로 써서 균질화한 다음, 50 mesh 체로 여과하여 제조하였다. 미역귀 잼은 미역귀 페이스트에 설탕, HM pectin 및 유기산 (citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid)을 순차적으로 첨가하면서 일정 농도까지 가열, 농축한 다음 잼 제품으로서 품질을 유지하고 미역취를 차폐할 목적으로 계피가루와 합성 딸기향을 일정량 가하여 제조하였다. 잼 제조시 설탕, 펙틴, 유기산 및 유기염이 제품의 물성에 미치는 영향을 기계적 및 관능적으로 살펴본 결과, 미역 페이스트에 설탕 60%(w/w), HM pectin 0.75%(w/w), citric acid 0.3%(w/w)를 첨가하여 62$^{\circ}$Brix로 한 제품이 물성면에서 양호하였고, 미역 특유의 바람직하지 못한 해조취를 차폐하기 위해 합성 딸기향 0.08%(w/w)을 첨가한 미역귀 잼이 관능적으로 우수하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.314-319
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• 1997

한국산 대추를 4$^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 침지하여 마쇄하고, 30분 동안 끓인 다음 여과 sd축하여 당을 분석하였다. 대추는 씨뺀 무수건조 과육을 기준으로 수크로오스 25%, 프룩토오스 21.2%, 글루코오스 20.7%, 합계 66.9%, H사는 수크로오스 6.9%, 프룩토오스 2.1%, 글루코오스 2.4%, 합계 11.4%, V사는 수크로오스 5.9%, 프룩토오스 2.2%, 글루코오스 2.4%, 합계 10.5%의 당이 분석되었다. Invertase 처리로 수크로오스는 프룩토오스와 글루코오스로 완전히 가수분해되었다. 기타 다른 소당은 함유하지 않았다. 에탄올 침전으로 분리한 겔상의 다당은 대추의 경우 0.063%, V사 대추음료의 경우 0.0045% H사 대추음료의 경우 0.01%를 함유하였고, 1H-NMR 분석 및 카르바졸 분석 결과 펙틴으로 확인되었다. 대추펙틴에 함유된 갈락투론산은 61%, V사 음료의 펙틴은 58%, H사 음료의 펙틴은 55%였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.824-831
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of low-fat pork patties containing fat replacers. Pectin(PE) and potato starch(PO) were added as fat replacers and physicochemical properties of the patties were evaluated after oven-roasting or pan-frying. Uncooked and cooked pork patties formulated with the fat replacers were higher in moisture and ash content and lower in fat content than those of the control. The cooking yield and reduction in diameter of the patties were significantly improved by the addition of PE or PO and oven-roasting exhibited a higher cooking yield and lower reduction in diameter than pan-frying (p<0.05). Water holding capacity(WHC) and fat retention were highest in the patties formulated with PE, while the control had the lowest WHC when cooked by oven-roasting. The Hunter L (lightness) values were not different among the patties but the Hunter a (redness) and b (yellowness) values of the low fat pork patties were higher than those of the control and oven-roasting produced higher redness values than pan frying. Hardness and brittleness were lowest in the patties with PE, while cohesiveness and springiness showed no difference among the patties (p<0.05). The sensory analysis results showed that the use of PE or PO improved the overall acceptability of the low-fat pork patties. After 30 days of storage at $-20^{\circ}C$, pH and cooking yield decreased slightly, while hardness increased in all the patties.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.271-291
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• 2022

Pectin methylesterase (PME) plays an important role in vegetative and reproductive development and biotic/abiotic stress responses by regulating the degree of methyl-esterification of pectic polysaccharides in the plant cell wall. PMEs are encoded by a large multigene family in higher land plant genomes. In general, the expression of plant PME genes shows tissue- or cell-specific patterns and is induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli. In this study, we identified PME multigene family members (CsPMEs) from the sweet orange genome and report detailed molecular characterization and expression profiling in different citrus tissues and two fruit developmental stages. We also discussed the possible functional roles of some CsPME genes by comparing them with the known functions of PMEs from other plant species. We identified 48 CsPME genes from the citrus genome. A phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the identified CsPMEs were divided into two groups/types. Some CsPMEs showed very close phylogenetic relationships with the PMEs whose functions were formerly addressed in Arabidopsis, tomato, and maize. Expression profiling showed that some CsPME genes are highly or specifically expressed in the leaf, root, flower, or fruit. Based on the phylogenetic relationships and gene expression profiling results, we suggest that some CsPMEs could play functional roles in pollen development, pollen tube growth, cross incompatibility, root development, embryo/seed development, stomata movement, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Our results shed light on the biological roles of individual CsPME isoforms and contribute to the search for genetic variations in citrus genetic resources.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.65-73
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to understand how regulatory mechanisms respond to sugar status for more efficient carbon utilization and source-sink regulation in plants. So, we need to identify and characterize many components of sugar-response pathways for a better understanding of sugar responses. For this end, genes responding change of sugar status were screened using Arabidpsis cDNA arrays, and confirmed thirty-six genes to be regulated by sucrose supply in detached leaves by RNA blot analysis. Eleven of them encoding proteins for amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were repressed by sugars. The remaining genes induced by sugar supply were for protein synthesis including ribosomal proteins and elongation factors. Among them, I focused on three hydrolase genes encoding putative $\beta$-galactosidase, $\beta$-xylosidase, and $\beta$-glucosidase that were transcriptionally induced in sugar starvation. Homology search indicated that these enzymes were involved in hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides. In addition to my results, recent transcriptome analysis suggested multiple genes for cell wall degradation were induced by sugar starvation. Thus, I hypothesized that enzyme for cell wall degradation were synthesized and secreted to hydrolyze cell wall polysaccharides producing carbon source under sugar-starved conditions. In fact, the enzymatic activities of these three enzymes increased in culture medium of Arabidopsis suspension cells under sugar starvation. The $\beta$-galactosidase encoded by At5g56870 was identified as a secretory protein in culture medium of suspension cells by mass spectrometry analysis. This protein was specifically detected under sugar-starved condition with a specific antibody. Induction of these genes was repressed in suspension cells grown with galactose, xylose and glucose as well as with sucrose. In planta, expression of the genes and protein accumulation were detected when photosynthesis was inhibited. Glycosyl hydrolase activity against galactan also increased during sugar starvation. Further, contents of cell wall polysaccharides especially pectin and hemicellulose were markedly decreased associating with sugar starvation in detached leaves. The amount of monosaccharide in pectin and hemicellulose in detached leaves decreased in response to sugar starvation. These results supported my idea that cell wall has one of function to supply carbon source in addition to determination of cell shape and physical support of plant bodies.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.982-990
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• 2011

Kenaf fiber can be obtained by decortications of the kenaf plant stem. The properties of the kenaf fiber treated by alkali (NaOH) were investigated by spectrocolorimeter, SEM, X-ray diffractometer, FT-IR and TGA. The kenaf fibers treated by alkali became darker and their Munsell color values changed from Y (yellow) to YR (yellowred) according to an increased NaOH concentration. SEM observation of the kenaf fibers showed that their crimps were developed and their surfaces were cleaned by the removal of protruding ends and impurities after alkali treatments. In the x-ray diffraction analysis, the structures of the fibers were found in the form of cellulose I when treated with a 0-16% alkali concentration and cellulose II when treated with over 20%. It was also confirmed that the crystallinity was lowered according to an increased NaOH concentration. The change of fiber compositions was investigated in FT-IR analysis. Strong band of $1,738cm^{-1}$ and asymmetrical stretching strong bands of $1,630-1,600cm^{-1}$ in spectrum (which represent pectin) were not found in the samples because the pectin was removed by the alkali treatment. Weak bands of $1,728-1,730cm^{-1}$ and peaks of $1,245-1,259cm^{-1}$ (which represent hemicellulose) and peaks of $1,592cm^{-1}$, $1,504cm^{-1}$, $1,462cm^{-1}$ and $1,429cm^{-1}$ (which are related to lignin) were not found or reduced in the samples treated with a concentration over 20%. TGA indicated that the kenaf fiber had the better hydrophilic properties by alkali treatment. The higher Tmax in TGA and the higher thermal stability when treated by alkali with the higher concentration. The fibers treated with an alkali concentration over 30% did not show any changes in Tmax.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2002

느릅나무 근피와 점액질의 화학 조성을 분석하였고, 근피의 MeOH추출물을 각종 유기용제 및 수층으로 분획하고 각 분획물의 항균성을 조사하였다. 원소조성은 수종간의 차이는 없었지만, 목부의 질소 및 리그닌 함량은 사부보다 높았으며 회분 및 추출물양은 목부보다 사부가 높게 나타났다. 근피의 점액질은 냉수에 의해 매우 느리게 용출 되었으며, 높은 산성당 함량을 갖는 pectin 유사 물질이었다. 느릅나무 근피로부터 약 7% 정도의 메탄올 추출물이 얻어졌고 이 중 78%가 수용성 물질이었으며 Staphylococcus aureus와 Salmonella typhimurium에 대하여 항균성을 나타내었다.