• 제목/요약/키워드: pearl millet

검색결과 40건 처리시간 0.029초

논 전환밭에서 토성에 따른 청예사료작물의 생육과 수량 (Growth and Yield of Forage Crops Affected by Soil Texture in Upland Diverted from Paddy Field)

  • 김수형;이호진
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.577-584
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    • 1994
  • 수원지역에서 토성 및 지하수위를 달리하는 서울대 농생대 벼 재배 실험포장(사양토)과 작물시험장 벼 재배포장(식양토)을 선정하여 월동 청예 사료작물 3가지와 하기 청예사료작물 4가지에 대한 생육 및 수량반응을 검정하고 초기 전환밭에서 재배에 적합한 작물의 검색과 토성 및 지하수위에 따른 작물별 반응을 알아보기 위하여 1992년과 1993년에 실시한 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 시험된 7종의 사료작물들은 지하수위가 낮고 상대적으로 사질성인 서울대 농생대 벼 재배포장에서 더 좋은 생육 및 수량을 보였으며, 두 포장 모두 하기 청예용 사료작물의 재배시에는 습해의 위험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 월동 청예용 사료작물 중에서는 트리티케일이 평균 1052kg/10a로 가장 높은 건물수량을 나타내었으며 두 포장간의 건물수량 차이도 보이지 않아 전환 밭에서의 월동 작물로 재배가 유리할 것으로 생각되었으며, 호밀은 두 포장간의 차이가 있어서 토성 및 지하수위에 따른 영향이 있었고, 이탈리안라이그라스는 평균 41.6%의 낮은 월동률을 보여 위도가 높은 수원지역에서는 전환밭 재배에 적합하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 3. 하기 청예사료작물 중에서는 수수-수단그라스 잡종이 평균 1139kg /10a 로 가장 높은 건물수량을 나타내었다. 수수-수단그라스 잡종과 진주조, 사료용 옥수수는 토성간의 건물수량의 차이가 있어서 식양토 전환밭에서는 습해의 가능성이 높을 것으로 생각되며 사료용 피는 두 포장간에 수량차이가 없었다.

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유전자 발현 조절과 DNA 3차원적 구조와의 관계 (Regulation of Gene Expression and 3-Dimensional Structure of DNA)

  • 김병동
    • 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물학회 1987년도 식물생명공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceedings of Symposia on Plant Biotechnology
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    • pp.149-155
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    • 1987
  • Growth and development of a higher plant, or any living organism for that matter, could be defined as an orderly expression of the genome in time and space in close interaction with the environment. During differentiation and development of a tissue or organ a group of genes must be selectively turned on or turned off mainly by trans-acting regulators. In this general concept of regulation of regulation of gene expression, a DNA molecule is recognized at a specific nucleotide sequence by DNA-binding factors. Molecular biology of the regulatory factors such as hormones, and their receptors, target DNA sequences and DNA-binding proteins are well advanced. What is not clearly understood is the molecular basis of the interactions between DNA and binding factors, expecially of the usages of the dyad symmetry of the target DNA sequences and the dimeric nature of the DNA-binding proteins. A unique 3-dimensional structure of DNA has been proposed that may play an important role in the orderly expression of the gene. A foldback intercoil (FBI) DNA configuration which was originally found by electron microscopy among mtDNA molecules from pearl millet has some unique features. The FBI configuration of DNA is believed to be formed when a flexible double helix folds back and interwines in the widened major grooves resulting in a four stranded, intercoil DNA whose thickness is the same as that of double stranded DNA. More recently, the FBI structure of DNA has been also induced in vitro by a novel enzyme which was purified from pearl millet mitochondria. It has been proposed that the FBI DNA could be utillized in intramolecular recombination which leads to inversion or deletion, and in intermolecular recombination which can lead to either site-specific recombination, genetic recombination via single strand invasion, or cross strand recombination. The structure and function of DNA in 3-dimensional aspect is emphasized for better understanding orderly expression of genes during growth and development.

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진주조 예취방법이 청예수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Clipping Method on Forage Yield and Quality in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum americanum(L.) Leeke])

  • 최병한;박근용;박래경
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.274-279
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    • 1989
  • 양질 다수성 신사료작물 진주조 수원1호에 적합한 예취시기, 간격 및 높이를 구명하여 청예수량 및 품질을 높이고저 수원, 춘천, 대전, 광산, 무안의 전국 5개소에서 1987∼88년에 실지하였던 바 그 결과의 개요는 다음과 같다. 1. 예취높이 20cm구에서 11.1t/10a이 생산되어 가장 증수되었다. 예취높이 5cm구에서 1차예취후 염생이 잘 되지 않아 총수량이 가장 낮았고 예취높이 30∼40cm구는 20cm구에 비하여 수량성이 전체적으로 떨어지는 경향이었다. 2. 5월 중순에 파종하여 7월 중순에 1차예취수 4주간격 예취구에서 11.4t/10a이 생산되어 6, 8두간격 및 1회 예취구에 비하여 월등히 증수되었다. 3. 예취높이 20cm구에서 조단백질함량 12.8%로 가장 높았고 조지방함량은 5cm구에서 3.4%로 가장 높았다. 조섬유함량은 예취높이가 높아질수록 3회예취 평균 24.0%에서 26.9%로 증가하였으나 1차예취에서는 예취높이가 높아짐에 따라서 15.4%에서 12.6%로 낮아졌으나 가용무질소물함량은 33.7%에서 35.7%로 높아지는 경향이었다. 4. 예취시기별 품질의 변화를 보면 1차예취구의 조단백질함량 14.0%로 가장 높았고 조지방함향은 2.6∼2.7%로 큰 차이가 없었다. 조섬유함량은 2차예취구 30.5%로 가장 높았고 1차, 3차예취구에서 24.0%, 24.1%로 낮았다. 초회분함향은 1차예취구 14.9%로 가장 높았고 가용무질소물 함량은 1차에취에서 2∼3차예취로 감에 따라서 34.2%에서 38.1%까지 높아졌다. 5. 7월 중순 1차예취후 4주간격 예취구에서 조단백질함량 13.0%로 가장 높았으며 조지방함량도 4주간격 예취구에서 3.4%로 가장 높았다. 조섬유함량은 4주에서 8주간격 예취로 예취간격이 커질수록 24.2%에서 27.1%로 높아졌다. 조회분함량은 10.4∼9.3%로 낮아졌다. 가용무질소물 함량은 6주간격 예취구에서 38.7%로 가장 높았다. 6. 청예사료용 진주조의 염성력과 수량성은 예취 높이에 따라서 크게 달라졌고 품질은 예취시기, 간격 및 회수에 따라서 크게 달라짐을 알 수 있었다. 초고 1m 이상 자랐을 때에 예취높이 20cm 남기고 7월 중순 1차예취후 4준간격으로 예취하는 것이 염생력, 청예수량 및 품질을 높일 수 있었다.

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Utilization of Sorghum Forage, Millet Forage, Veldt Grass and Buffel Grass by Tswana Sheep and Goats when Fed Lablab purpureus L. as Protein Supplement

  • Aganga, A.A.;Autlwetse, M.N.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제13권8호
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    • pp.1127-1132
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    • 2000
  • Forty yearling Tswana sheep and goats (20 sheep and 20 goats) of both sexes were used in a feeding trial conducted in Botswana College of Agriculture (B.C.A) Content Farm in Gaborone for three months. The animals were randomized into four treatment groups of five animals per species balancing for weight and sex such that average initial weights were not statistically different. The sheep and goats were individually housed and fed under a common roof. All the animals were fed on Lablab purpureus L. as a protein supplement which was 40% of the ration. In addition to L.purpureus L. the control groups of both species were fed on 60% Cenchrus ciliaris L. as basal diet. The other three treatment groups were fed on different forages namely; sorghum forage (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), millet forage (Pearl millet, Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf and Hubb.) and veldt grass mainly Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) as basal diet (60%). Water was provided individually to all the animals on ad lib. basis. Daily intakes of feed and water were recorded and weighing of the animals was done every two weeks. The collected data were analysed statistically for differences. Average daily weight gain by Tswana sheep was significantly different (p<0.05), sheep fed on millet forage had a higher daily weight gain $(120.24{\pm}8.91g)$ compared with sheep fed on veldt grass $(92.86{\pm}6.94g)$. Treatment effects on daily total DM intake by sheep were significant, the control group (C. ciliaris L.) had higher intake $(705.77{\pm}10.22g)$ and those fed on sorghum forage had the least intake $(668.10{\pm}10.70g)$. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the average daily weight gain by Tswana goats and it was 84.52, 73.81, 83.33 and 78.57 g for goats fed on C. ciliaris L., sorghum forage, millet forage and veldt grass respectively. Average daily total DM intake by goats was 655.27, 652.64, 650.07 and 650.94 g for C. ciliaris L., sorghum forage, millet forage and veldt grass respectively. Feed conversion efficiency was 8.00, 8.98, 7.93 and 8.34 for goats fed on C. ciliaris L., sorghum forage, millet forage and veldt grass respectively and were not significantly different (p>0.05).

하계 응급 조사료 자원의 생육특성 및 조사료 생산성 평가 (Evaluation of Growth Characteristics and Yield Potential of Summer Emergency Forage Crops)

  • 박형수;최기춘;양승학;정종성;이배훈
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.26-31
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 여름 사료작물 재배기간에 빈번하게 발생하는 가뭄, 폭우 등 이상 기후에 대응한 여름철 응급 조사료 자원을 선발하고 잠재적 생산성을 평가하기 위해 2020년 5월부터 2021년 10월까지 충청남도 천안시 소재 국립축산과학원 축산자원개발부 초지 조사료 시험포장에서 재배시험을 수행하였다. 시험 초종은 여름철 응급조사료 자원으로 유망한 사료용 피(Echinochloa species cv. Shirohie and Jeju native), 재래기장(Panicum miliaceum cv. Native), 진주조(Pennisetum glaucum cv. Feed milk 2), 클라인그라스(Panicum coloratum cv. Selection 75), 테프그라스(Eragrostis tef cv. Tiffany)를 수집하여 파종은 2020년에 5월 21일과 6월 23일에 각 각 파종하였으며 2021년에는 5월 21일과 6월 21일에 2회 파종하였다. 사료용 피와 클라인그라스의 출현소요일은 6~10일 정도로 파종 후 가장 늦게 출현되었고 재래기장과 진주조는 5~6일 소요되었으며 테프그라스는 3일로 가장 빨리 출현되었다. 파종부터 수확까지 재배기간은 사료용 피 만생종(84일 이내)을 제외하고 모든 초종이 60일 이내에 출수기에 도달하였다. 파종시기별 건물수량은 5월 파종에서 사료용 피 만생종의 건물수량이 23,872 kg/ha로 가장 높게 나타났으며 클라인그라스가 3,888 kg/ha로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 6월 파종은 사료용 피 만생종의 건물 수량이 17,032 kg/ha로 가장 높게 나타났으며 재래기장, 테프그라스와 클라인그라스가 각각 5,468, 5,442 및 5,197 kg/ha로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 조단백질 함량은 초종별로 다양하게 나타났는데 사료용 피 조생종, 테프그라스, 클라인그라스가 높은 경향을 보였으며 사료용 피 만생종이 5.7~5.9%로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 중성세제불용성섬유소(NDF)와 산성세제불용성섬유소(ADF) 함량은 5월 파종은 초종 간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 6월 파종은 클라인그라스가 나머지 초종에 비해 낮게 나타났다.

옥수수, 수수, 수수-수단그라스 교잡종 및 진주조의 Simazine과 Alachlor에 대한 저항성 (Tolerance of Corn, Sorghum, Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid, and Pearl Millet to Simazine and Alachlor)

  • 이석순;최상집
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 1989
  • 옥수수, 수수, 수수-수단그라스, 진주조 등 경지사료작물의 simazine과 alachlor에 대한 저항성과 제초효과를 알기 위하여 1988년 봄에 포장시험, 여름과 가을에 pot 시험을 하였다. 공시품종은 옥수수 진주옥, 수수는 Pioneer(P) 931, P947, P956, 수수-수단그라스는 P855F, P988, 진주조는 수원 1호, 수원 6호이었고 시험에 따라 알맞은 품종을 선택하였다. 제초제는 봄의 포장시험과 여름 pot히험은 simazine 수화제(50% ai, g/10a): alachlor 유제(43.7% ai, ml/10a)를 제품량으로 130:0, 100:0, 70:200, 0:300, 0:400의 비율로 처리하였고, 가을 pot 시험은 수수 P 931에 alachlor를 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400ml/10a과 simazine : alachlor를 70(g/10a) : 200(ml/10a)으로 처리하였다. 1. 옥수수는 포장시험과 여름 pot 시험에서 모두 simazine과 alachlor에 의하여 출아률, 입묘률, 유묘의 초장과 건물종, 간장, 건물수량 등에 영향을 받지 않았다. 2. 수수와 수수-수단그라스는 포장시험에서 simazine과 alachlor에 의해 유묘의 생육과 건물수량이 영향을 받지 않았다. Simazine은 여름 pot 시험에서 출아률과 유묘의 생존률에는 영향이 없었으나 초장과 건물종은 감소시켰다. Alachlor는 여름 pot시험에서 출아률은 약간 감소시켰지만 유묘의 생존률, 초장, 건물종을 현저히 감소시켰다. 가을 pot 시험에서 alachlor는 수수의 출아률에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 100ml/10a 이상에서는 약량이 증가할수록 유묘의 생존률, 초장, 건물종이 감소하였으나 여름보다 생육이 덜 억제되었다. 3. 진주조는 봄의 포장시험에서는 simazine에 의하여 입묘률, 간장, 건물수량에 영향을 받지 않았지만 여름 pot 시험에서는 유묘의 생존률, 초장, 건물종이 다소 감소되었다. Alachlor는 포장에서 입묘률을 감소시켜 수량이 감소하였고, 여름 pot 시험에서는 출아률은 다소 감소하였으나 출아한 개체는 하나도 생존하지 않았다. 4. Simazine은 바랭이, 강아지풀, 피 등 화본두잡초에는 효과가 적었으나 광엽잡초는 방제하였고, alachlor는 화본두 잡초와 쇠비름, 비름 등 광엽잡초는 방제하였으나 깨풀과 명아주는 방제되지 않았다. 수확기의 잡초 잔초량은 simazine과 alachlor의 혼합처리에서 가장 적었으며, 작물의 건물수량이 많으면 잔초량은 적었다.

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주요 사료작물의 곤포 Silage 조제이용에 관한 연구 I. 작물의 생리적 특성과 곤포 Silage 조제이용 (Study on Baled Silage Making of Selected Forage Crop and Pesture Grasses I. Discussion on baled silage making as affected by phtsiological characteristics of tth plants)

  • 김정갑;강우성;한정대;신정남;한민수;김건엽
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 1995
  • A simple conservation technique baled silage making of selected froage materials was discussed in Suwon and in Muan county during 1991 - 1992. Eleven species of forage crops and pasture grasses(maize. sorghum, pearl millet, barnyardgrass, rye, barley, spring oat, Italian ryegrass, orchardgrass, alfalfa and grass-legume pasture mixtures) were harvested at different growth stage from young plant to maturity and baled in a self constructed square baling chamber, and wrapped in a 0.05mm thick polyethylene plastic film. Each bales measured by 90cm long, 60cm wide and 50cm height and weighted between 15~20kg in dry matter basis. physio-molphologcal characteristics of the plants, leaf weight ratio(LWR), leaf area ratio(LAR), stalk ratio (SR), stalk hardness(SH) and other growth parameters, were analysed and were used as a parameter to evaluate the suitability of materials for baling. Italian ryegrass including orchardgrass, alfalfa and pasture mixtures produced high quality baled silage. Silage quality point(F1ieg-point) of Italian ryegrass was improved from 63 point in crushed custom silage to 75 piont in baled silage. Meterial of grass-legume pasture mixtures showed 55 point in crushed silage and 67 point in baled silage. Fodder rye, barley, spring oat and barnyardgrass were also evaluated as a good materials for baled silage making. On the other hand, meize including sorghum and peral millet were evaluated as a not suitable materals for baling due to its high value of SR and SH. Quality of maize was excellent with 88 point in clushed silage and medium with 47 point in baled silage making.

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Characterization of Plant-Growth-Promoting Traits of Acinetobacter Species Isolated from Rhizosphere of Pennisetum glaucum

  • Rokhbakhsh-Zamin, Farokh;Sachdev, Dhara;Kazemi-Pour, Nadia;Engineer, Anupama;Pardesi, Karishma R.;Zinjarde, Smita;Dhakephalkar, Prashant K.;Chopade, Balu A.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.556-566
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    • 2011
  • A total of 31 Acinetobacter isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of Pennisetum glaucum and evaluated for their plant-growth-promoting traits. Two isolates, namely Acinetobacter sp. PUCM1007 and A. baumannii PUCM1029, produced indole acetic acid (10-13 ${\mu}g$/ml). A total of 26 and 27 isolates solubilized phosphates and zinc oxide, respectively. Among the mineral-solubilizing strains, A. calcoaceticus PUCM1006 solubilized phosphate most efficiently (84 mg/ml), whereas zinc oxide was solubilized by A. calcoaceticus PUCM1025 at the highest solubilization efficiency of 918%. All the Acinetobacter isolates, except PUCM1010, produced siderophores. The highest siderophore production (85.0 siderophore units) was exhibited by A. calcoaceticus PUCM1016. Strains PUCM1001 and PUCM1019 (both A. calcoaceticus) and PUCM1022 (Acinetobacter sp.) produced both hydroxamate-and catechol-type siderophores, whereas all the other strains only produced catechol-type siderophores. In vitro inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum under iron-limited conditions was demonstrated by the siderophore-producing Acinetobacter strains, where PUCM1018 was the most potent inhibitor of the fungal phytopathogen. Acinetobacter sp. PUCM1022 significantly enhanced the shoot height, root length, and root dry weights of pearl millet seedlings in pot experiments when compared with controls, underscoring the plant-growth-promoting potential of these isolates.

Moisture Concentration Variation of Silages Produced on Commercial Farms in the South-Central USA

  • Han, K.J.;Pitman, W.D.;Chapple, A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제27권10호
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    • pp.1436-1442
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    • 2014
  • Preservation of forage crops as silage offers opportunity to avoid the high risk of rain-damaged hay in the humid south-central USA. Recent developments with baled silage or baleage make silage a less expensive option than typical chopped silage. Silage has been important in the region primarily for dairy production, but baleage has become an option for the more extensive beef cattle industry in the region. Silage samples submitted to the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Forage Quality Lab from 2006 through 2013 were assessed for dry matter (DM) and forage nutritive characteristics of chopped silage and baleage of the different forage types from commercial farms primarily in Louisiana and Mississippi. Of the 1,308 silage samples submitted, 1,065 were annual ryegrass (AR) with small grains (SG), the warm-season annual (WA) grasses, sorghums and pearl millet, and the warm-season perennial (WP) grasses, bermudagrass and bahiagrass, providing the remaining samples. Concentration of DM was used to indicate an effective ensiling opportunity, and AR silage was more frequently within the target DM range than was the WA forage group. The AR samples also indicated a high-quality forage with average crude protein (CP) of 130 g/kg and total digestible nutrient (TDN) near 600 g/kg. The cooler winter weather at harvest apparently complicated harvest of SG silage with chopped SG silage lower in both CP and TDN (104 and 553 g/kg, respectively) than either AR silage or baleage of SG (137 and 624 g/kg for CP and TDN, respectively). The hot, humid summer weather along with large stems and large forage quantities of the WA grasses and the inherently higher fiber concentration of WP grasses at harvest stage indicate that preservation of these forage types as silage will be challenging, although successful commercial silage samples of each forage type and preservation approach were included among samples of silages produced in the region.

The Effect of Harvesting Interval on Herbage Yield and Nutritive Value of Napier Grass and Hybrid Pennisetums

  • Manyawu, G.J.;Chakoma, C.;Sibanda, S.;Mutisi, C.;Chakoma, I.C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권7호
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    • pp.996-1002
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    • 2003
  • A 6 (accession)${\times}$5 (cutting interval) factorial experiment was conducted over two years to investigate the effect of stage of growth on herbage production, nutritive value and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of Napier grass and Napier grass${\times}$Pearl millet hybrids (hybrid Pennisetum). The purpose of the experiment was to determine the optimum stage of growth to harvest the Pennisetums for ensilage. Two Napier accessions (SDPP 8 and SDPP 19) and four hybrid Pennisetum (SDPN 3, SDPN 29, SDPN 38 and Bana grass) were compared at five harvest intervals (viz. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks). Basal fertilizers were similar in all treatment plots, although nitrogen (N) top-dressing fertilizer was varied proportionately, depending on the harvesting interval. The application was based on a standard rate of 60 kg N/ha every six weeks. Stage of growth had significant effects on forage yield, WSC content and nutritive value of the Pennisetums. Herbage yields increased in a progressively linear manner, with age. Nutritive value declined as the harvesting interval increased. In particular, crude protein content declined rapidly (p<0.001) from $204g\;kg^{-1}$ DM at 2 weeks to $92g\;kg^{-1}$ DM at 8 weeks of growth. In vitro dry matter digestibility decreased from 728 to $636g\;kg^{-1}$ DM, whilst acid and neutral detergent fibre contents increased from 360 and 704 to 398 and $785g\;kg^{-1}$ DM, respectively. Rapid changes in nutritive value occurred after 6 weeks of growth. The concentration of WSC increased in a quadratic manner, with peaks ($136-182g\;kg^{-1}$ DM) at about 6 weeks. However, the DM content of the forage was low ($150-200g\;DM\;kg^{-1}$) at 6 weeks. Therefore, it was concluded that Pennisetums should be harvested between 6 and 7 weeks, to increase DM content and optimize herbage production without seriously affecting nutritive value and WSC content. Accessions SDPN 29 and SDPP 19 appeared to be most suited for ensilage. It was suggested that WSC content should be incorporated as a criterion in the agronomic evaluation and screening of Pennisetum varieties.