• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1149-1154
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• 2014

Background: In Malaysia, data from the Malaysian Health Ministry showed colorectal cancer (CRC) to be the second most common type of cancer in 2007-2009, after breast cancer. The same was apparent after looking at males and females cases separately. In the present study, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed to describe the distribution of CRC cases in Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia, according to socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity and district). Materials and Methods: This retrospective review concerned data for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the years 1995 to 2011 collected from the Wilayah Persekutuan Health Office, taken from the cancer notification form (NCR-2), and patient medical records from the Surgical Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A total of 146 cases were analyzed. All the data collected were analysed using ArcGIS version 10.0 and SPSS version 19.0. Results: Patients aged 60 to 69 years accounted for the highest proportion of cases (34.2%) and males slightly predominated 76 (52.1%), Chinese had the highest number of registered cases at 108 (74.0%) and staging revealed most cases in the 3rd and 4th stages. Kernel density analysis showed more cases are concentrated up in the northern area of Petaling and Kuala Lumpur subdistricts. Spatial global pattern analysis by average nearest neighbour resulted in nearest neighbour ratio of 0.75, with Z-score of -5.59, p value of <0.01 and the z-score of -5.59. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) showed clustering significant with p<0.01, Z score 3.14 and Moran's Index of 0.007. When mapping clusters with hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi), hot and cold spots were identified. Hot spot areas fell on the northeast side of KL. Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant spatial patterns of cancer incidence in KL. Knowledge about these spatial patterns can provide useful information to policymakers in the planning of screening of CRC in the targeted population and improvement of healthcare facilities to provide better treatment for CRC patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.259-274
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• 1995

The study is to grasp the problems related to operation of Maternity clinic of public health centers in seoul and needs for public health of community in relation to consumers and providers in order to improve efficiency of community public health for mothers and children. Four pregnancy woman, who receive medical care at the maternity clinic of M public health centers in seoul and understand the purpose of this study, and one nurse who works at the were the objects of this field study. Participating observation and intensive interviews were conducted to collect data. All of them were performed as necessary from time to time since December, 1994, and not during a specific period. Through an data analysis in the order of sector analysis and classification analysis, the data were classified into specific patterns and the results are the following; 1. All of the subjects were using both private hospitals and public clinics, but managing activities prior to delivery were not carried out in accordence with theories for those activities. 2. The subjects showed two types of response to utilizing maternity clinic. they answered that the advantages of the clinic were 'short waiting time for medical treatment', 'medical treatment by female doctors' and 'economical benefit.' Meanwhile, they gave negative response to the problems of 'non-implementation of delivery' 'uncleanness and insufficient facilities', 'limited time of treatment', 'lack of expertise' and 'want of public health education for materity.' 3. Problems related to operation of maternity clinic were 'lack of experts', 'irrational facility structure' and 'absolutely lack budget'. In terms of the status of managing the subjects, 'programs only aimed at attaining the central-government-assigned objects' and 'limited management before and after delivery by non-implementing delivery' were pointed out to be problems. Regarding public health education before delivery and PR relations, 'superficial public health education for maternity' and 'absence of PR programs' were named. In planning and evaluation, 'absence of autonomous planning and evaluation by the clinic itself' was a major problem in operating the clinic. 4. 'Substantial health education and PR', 'supplementation of facilities and eqipment', 'development' and supply of demanded service by the subjects', 'implementation of autonomous programs', and 'reinforcement of supplementary education' were presented as alternatives for efficient opration of maternity clinics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-34
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• 2013

Objectives : A common cold is a viral disease. There exists only allopathy for it depending on symptoms because of no cure. Korean medicine has taken a serious view of common cold patients with digestive problems as well as patients of the common cold. Accordingly, this study is aimed at finding out the traits of patients with digestive problems among common cold patients. Methods : A survey was conducted with 62 cold patients who got medical treatment in Korean medicine clinics located in small cities and towns including metropolitan cities. The SPSS for Windows( 19.0 Version) was used for statistical analysis. Results : Depending on which clinic common cold patients decided to go to, there was a significant difference in the number of sick days. The group of patients who decided to go straight to oriental medicine clinics had fewer sick days. Only 9.7% of the group of patients who got treatment in Koean medicine clinics had more than 6 sick days. The group of common cold patients with digestive problems had more sick days than the group with no digestive problems, which showed that there was a significant correlation between digestive problems and sick days. When it came to digestive problems depending which clinic common cold patients decided to go to, there was no significant value because of little data collection. However, while 41.9% of the group who went to hospital at first and then to Koean medicine clinic had digestive problems, 24.2% of the group who directly went to Koean medicine clinic had digestive problems. On the whole, 66.1% of the entire common cold patients were shown to have digestive problems. Conclusion : There are relatively many patients with digestive problems among common cold patients, and there is a significant correlation between digestive problems and sick days on common cold.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.1 s.94
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to survey the distribution patterns of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and formaldehyde in the various indoor environments using cluster analysis. We investigated VOCs and formaldehyde in subway stations, underground shopping areas, medical centers, maternity recuperation centers, public childcare centers, large stores, funeral houses, and indoor parking lots from June,2005 to May,2006. Concentration of TVOCs in maternity recuperations was 2,605.7 ${\mu}g/m^3$ that was higher than the guideline and other facilities. TVOCs in public childcare centers was 1,951.6 ${\mu}g/m^3$ also it exceeded the guideline. Moreover, concentration of TVOCs in every facility exceeded the guideline of Department of Environment, Korea. In case of formaldehyde, mean concentration, 336.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$, in only public childcare centers exceeded the 120 ${\mu}g/m^3$ of the guideline. Finally, by applying cluster analysis, three pattterns of the indoor air pollutions were distinguished. In the results of analysis, concentrations of TVOCs and formaldehyde of cluster 3 were higher than cluster 1 and 2 that were 2,561.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and 184.9 ${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2005

The electronic nose (e-nose) has been used in food industry and quality controls in plastic packaging. Recently it finds its applications in medical diagnosis, specifically on detection of diabetes, pulmonary or gastrointestinal problem, or infections by examining odors in the breath or tissues with its odor characterizing ability. Moreover, the use of portable e-nose enables the on-site measurements and analysis of vapors without extra gas-sampling units. This is expected to widen the application of the e-nose in various fields including point-of-care-test or e-health. In this study, a PDA-based portable e-nose was developed using micro-machined gas sensor array and miniaturized electronic interfaces. The rich capacities of the PDA in its computing power and various interfaces are expected to provide the rapid and application specific development of the diagnostic devices, and easy connection to other facilities through information technology (IT) infra. For performance verification of the developed portable e-nose system, Six different vapors were measured using the system. Seven different carbon-black polymer composites were used for the sensor array. The results showed the reproducibility of the measured data and the distinguishable patterns between the vapor species. Additionally, the application of two typical pattern recognition algorithms verified the possibility of the automatic vapor recognition from the portable measurements. These validated the portable e-nose based on PDA developed in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2003

This was preliminary study that was to find out the developing point in military meal service to focus on seafood dishes that recently increased plate waste. This study was conducted to analyze menu patterns in military meal service. The result of this study was using to develop new seafood dishes in military meal service. On the basis of some findings, several developing points how to plan meals include many kinds of seafood dishes and to modify taste and cooking method that was more highly prefered by young military persons were suggested. This preliminary study findings were as follows: 1. Each meal was served cooked rice and 4 kinds of dishes(soup or stew, main dish, side dish and kimchi) 2. The seafood dishes was served as 28.6% in soup or stew, 35.0% in main dish and 36.4% in side dish of total serving of seafood dishes. 3. All of raw materials of seafood were supplied by frozen, several items were supplied dried material. Supplying seafood items were limited. Numbers of using seafood items were using 2.7 times per day. Laver and squid was most frequently used. 4. Seafood dishes were frequently serving in breakfast, especially seasoned & toasted laver was served 28.8% of seafood menu in breakfast because of convenience. 5. The nutrients contents of each dishes were as follows, the soup was $86.5{\pm}3.2kcal$ and $10.9{\pm}8.9g$ of animal protein, stew was $165.3{\pm}70.2kcal$ and $13.3{\pm}7.9g$ of animal protein. Nutrients content of other main dish and side dishes was different from 108.1kcal (in steaming dish) to 412.4kcal (in deep-fat frying dish) according to different cooking method. The highest animal protein dish that contented $18.9{\pm}5.1g$ of protein was pan-frying dish or grilling dish. Lowest one was $8.4{\pm}4.9g$ in braising dish. 6. Major cooking method of seafood was stew and the next was deep fat frying, stirfrying and braising. Pan-frying or grilling was seldomly used in military menu because of limitation of kitchen facilities and cooking utensils. On the basis of these findings, newely developing military seafood menus were focused on combination dish(such as seafood cooked rice or seafood fried rice) and many kinds of sauce that was applied to deep-fat frying dishes.