• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

This paper proposes a decision method of fuzzy weights by utilizing degrees of contribution in order to classify insect footprint patterns having difficulties to classify species clearly. Insect footprints revealed delicately in the form of scattered spots since they are very small. Therefore it is not easy to define shape of footprints unlike other species, and there are lots of noises in the footprint patterns so that it is difficult to distinguish those from correct data. For these reasons, the extracted feature set has obvious feature values with some uncertain feature values, so we estimate weights according to degrees of contribution. If the one of feature values has distinct difference enough to decide a class among other classes, high weight is assigned to make classification. A calculated weight determines the membership values by fuzzy functions and objects are classified into the class having a superior value.atu present experimental resultseighrontribution. Iinsect footprints with noises by the proposed method.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.50.1-50.1
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• 2021

The Gaia mission opens a new window to study the kinematics and dynamics of young stellar systems in detail. The kinematic properties of young stars provide vital constraints on the formation process of their host systems. Here, we present a kinematic study of the two associations Monoceros OB1 (Mon OB1) and R1 (Mon R1). Member candidates are first selected from the published list of member candidates, a compilation of OB star catalogues, and the classification of young stellar objects with the AllWISE data. According to the conventional wisdom, we selected a total of 728 members with similar proper motions at almost the same distance. Mon OB1 and Mon R1 have high levels of substructures that are also kinematically distinct. We identify six stellar groups in these associations, of which five show a pattern of expansion. In addition, the signature of rotation is found in two stellar groups of Mon OB1. Star formation history is inferred from a color-magnitude diagram. As a result, star formation in Mon OB1 has been sustained for several million years, while Mon R1 formed at almost the same epoch as the recent star formation in Mon OB1. Some old members in the outskirt of Mon OB1 have outward motions, which rules out the previously proposed outside-in star formation scenario. Star-forming regions including Mon OB1 and Mon R1 are found along a large arc-like gas structure. Hence, the formation of these two associations may originate from the hierarchical star formation along filaments in a turbulent molecular cloud.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.59-80
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• 2023

Traditional models for categorizing researcher types have mostly utilized research output metrics. This study proposes a new model that classifies researchers based on the characteristics of research collaboration. The model uses only research collaboration indicators and does not rely on citation data, taking into account that citation impact is related to collaborative research. The model categorizes researchers into four types based on their collaborative research pattern and scope: Sparse & Wide (SW) type, Dense & Wide (DW) type, Dense & Narrow (DN) type, Sparse & Narrow (SN) type. When applied to the quantum metrology field, the proposed model was statistically verified to show differences in citation indicators and co-author network indicators according to the classified researcher types. The proposed researcher type classification model does not require citation information. Therefore, it is expected to be widely used in research management policies and research support services.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2009

This study has introduced folksonomy to general patterns of folksonomy tags for the university libraries that have practically implemented Library 2.0. From the results, we can see that average about 1.35 tag is used for one content. Typical pattern of the tags follow a power function that frequency of use decreases as No. of uses increases, 79.51% of tags are expressing topic of contents, and 84.61% of tags are tag of social motivation. The results of analysis on increase/decrease rate for tags divided into 4 quarters said that A university library has big differences from quarters while B university library has similar data between quarters. The users have used average 5.25 tags. Trends of the users can be divided into 3 groups according to tagging patterns of the users.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1D
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• pp.133-140
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• 2006

This paper suggests to reclassify railroad accident types and to standardize them as the standardized code for the railroad safety management system. The existing railroad accident types in both domestic and foreign cases have been carefully analyzed in the beginning. Based on the case studies, the new railroad accident types are classified into 9 classes which are not overlapped one another and 9 classes have been subdivided into 40 different accident patterns. All these patterns are linked with 9 different accident objects and 6 accident locations. Therefore, this study suggested the combination of 4 distinct code factors: accident class, accident pattern, accident object, and accident location to standardize them. In addition, inter-operation between the proposed codes and the existing accident types is suggested. This code will play a major role in the railroad safety management system composed of accident prevention, accident preparedness, accident response, and accident recovery.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.313-322
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• 2020

The recognition of the risk hazards is a vital step to effectively prevent accidents on a construction site. The advanced development in computer vision systems and the availability of the large visual database related to construction site made it possible to take quick action in the event of human error and disaster situations that may occur during management supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk factors that need to be managed at the construction site and review appropriate and effective technical methods for each risk factor. This research focuses on analyzing Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) related to risk zone identification rules that can be adopted by the image recognition technology and classify their risk factors depending on the effective technical method. Therefore, this research developed a pattern-oriented classification of OSHA rules that can employ a large scale of safety hazard recognition. This research uses joint reasoning of risk zone Identification and numeric input by utilizing a stereo camera integrated with an image detection algorithm such as (YOLOv3) and Pyramid Stereo Matching Network (PSMNet). The research result identifies risk zones and raises alarm if a target object enters this zone. It also determines numerical information of a target, which recognizes the length, spacing, and angle of the target. Applying image detection joint logic algorithms might leverage the speed and accuracy of hazard detection due to merging more than one factor to prevent accidents in the job site.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.108-123
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• 2024

This study aimed to explore sustainable fashion design plans and directions by analyzing Marine Serre's collection. Previous research was reviewed to derive classifications of the aesthetic characteristics of sustainable fashion design. This classification was then used to analyze the characteristics of the Marine Serre collection. Design analysis was conducted on Marine Serre's 2018 FW to 2023 SS collections. Marine Serre's sustainability characteristics are functionality, surprise, handicraft, and inclusion. The results are as follows. First, functionality is the highest among the four characteristics and includes the functionality of movement, the functionality of form, and futurism. This characteristic was observed in the use of all-in-one body suits, pockets, and workwear, showing the will and values of designers who value daily activity. Second, surprise includes the scarcity of materials and the unexpectedness of composition. The value of the clothing is enhanced by the use of scarce materials not typically used in clothing. In addition, Marine Serre is highly regarded for expanding clothing into life by incorporating material upcycling into the theme of the collection. Third, handcrafted features include exaggerated decorations, logo, retro designs, and natural properties, and intentional utilization is differentiated. Marine Serre's signature pattern suggests a suitable expression for the fabric to use the crescent moon for the season. Fourth, the collection expresses themes of inclusivity and cultural diversity. The results indicate that Marine Serre wants to contribute to a better future characterized by global coexistence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.135-146
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develope, based on the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) system. a set of standardized nursing interventions which had been validated. and their associated activities. for use with nursing diagnoses related to home health care for women who have had a caesarian delivery and for their newborn babies. This descriptive study for instrument development had three phases: first. selection of nursing diagnoses. second, validation of the preliminary home health care interventions. and third, application of the home care interventions. In the first phases, diagnoses from 30 nursing records of clients of the home health care agency at P. medical center who were seen between April 21 and July 30. 1998. and from 5 textbooks were examined. Ten nursing diagnoses were selected through a comparison with the NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) classification In the second phase. using the selected diagnoses. the nursing interventions were defined from the diagnoses-intervention linkage lists along with associated activities for each intervention list in NIC. To develope the preliminary interventions five-rounds of expertise tests were done. During the first four rounds. 5 experts in clinical nursing participated. and for the final content validity test of the preliminary interventions. 13 experts participated using the Fehring's Delphi technique. The expert group evaluated and defined the set of preliminary nursing interventions. In the third phases, clinical tests were held at in a home health care setting with two home health care nurses using the preliminary intervention list as a questionnaire. Thirty clients referred to the home health care agency at P. medical center between October 1998 and March 1999 were the subjects for this phase. Each of the activities were tested using dichotomous question method. The results of the study are as follows: 1. For the ten nursing diagnoses. 63 appropriate interventions were selected from 369 diagnoses interventions links in NlC., and from 1.465 associated nursing activities. From the 63 interventions. the nurses expert group developed 18 interventions and 258 activities as the preliminary intervention list through a five-round validity test 2. For the fifth content validity test using Fehring's model for determining lCV (Intervention Content Validity), a five point Likert scale was used with values converted to weights as follows: 1=0.0. 2=0.25. 3=0.50. 4=0.75. 5=1.0. Activities of less than O.50 were to be deleted. The range of ICV scores for the nursing diagnoses was 0.95-0.66. for the nursing interventions. 0.98-0.77 and for the nursing activities, 0.95-0.85. By Fehring's method. all of these were included in the preliminary intervention list. 3. Using a questionnaire format for the preliminary intervention list. clinical application tests were done. To define nursing diagnoses. home health care nurses applied each nursing diagnoses to every client. and it was found that 13 were most frequently used of 400 times diagnoses were used. Therefore. 13 nursing diagnoses were defined as validated nursing diagnoses. Ten were the same as from the nursing records and textbooks and three were new from the clinical application. The final list included 'Anxiety', 'Aspiration. risk for'. 'Infant behavior, potential for enhanced, organized'. 'Infant feeding pattern. ineffective'. 'Infection'. 'Knowledge deficit'. 'Nutrition, less than body requirements. altered', 'Pain'. 'Parenting'. 'Skin integrity. risk for. impared' and 'Risk for activity intolerance'. 'Self-esteem disturbance', 'Sleep pattern disturbance' 4. In all. there were 19 interventions. 18 preliminary nursing interventions and one more intervention added from the clinical setting. 'Body image enhancement'. For 265 associated nursing activities. clinical application tests were also done. The intervention rate of 19 interventions was from 81.6% to 100%, so all 19 interventions were in c1uded in the validated intervention set. From the 265 nursing activities. 261(98.5%) were accepted and four activities were deleted. those with an implimentation rate of less than 50%. 5. In conclusion. 13 diagnoses. 19 interventions and 261 activities were validated for the final validated nursing intervention set.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.123-127
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• 1978

The major objective of this research is to identify those hospital characteristics that best explain cost variation among hospitals and to formulate linear models that can predict hospital costs. Specific emphasis is placed on hospital output, that is, the identification of diagnosis related patient groups (DRGs) which are medically meaningful and demonstrate similar patterns of hospital resource consumption. A casemix index is developed based on the DRGs identified. Considering the common problems encountered in previous hospital cost research, the following study requirements are estab-lished for fulfilling the objectives of this research: 1. Selection of hospitals that exercise similar medical and fiscal practices. 2. Identification of an appropriate data collection mechanism in which demographic and medical characteristics of individual patients as well as accurate and comparable cost information can be derived. 3. Development of a patient classification system in which all the patients treated in hospitals are able to be split into mutually exclusive categories with consistent and stable patterns of resource consumption. 4. Development of a cost finding mechanism through which patient groups' costs can be made comparable across hospitals. A data set of Medicare patients prepared by the Social Security Administration was selected for the study analysis. The data set contained 27,229 record abstracts of Medicare patients discharged from all but one short-term general hospital in Connecticut during the period from January 1, 1971, to December 31, 1972. Each record abstract contained demographic and diagnostic information, as well as charges for specific medical services received. The 'AUT-OGRP System' was used to generate 198 DRGs in which the entire range of Medicare patients were split into mutually exclusive categories, each of which shows a consistent and stable pattern of resource consumption. The 'Departmental Method' was used to generate cost information for the groups of Medicare patients that would be comparable across hospitals. To fulfill the study objectives, an extensive analysis was conducted in the following areas: 1. Analysis of DRGs: in which the level of resource use of each DRG was determined, the length of stay or death rate of each DRG in relation to resource use was characterized, and underlying patterns of the relationships among DRG costs were explained. 2. Exploration of resource use profiles of hospitals; in which the magnitude of differences in the resource uses or death rates incurred in the treatment of Medicare patients among the study hospitals was explored. 3. Casemix analysis; in which four types of casemix-related indices were generated, and the significance of these indices in the explanation of hospital costs was examined. 4. Formulation of linear models to predict hospital costs of Medicare patients; in which nine independent variables (i. e., casemix index, hospital size, complexity of service, teaching activity, location, casemix-adjusted death. rate index, occupancy rate, and casemix-adjusted length of stay index) were used for determining factors in hospital costs. Results from the study analysis indicated that: 1. The system of 198 DRGs for Medicare patient classification was demonstrated not only as a strong tool for determining the pattern of hospital resource utilization of Medicare patients, but also for categorizing patients by their severity of illness. 2. The wei틴fed mean total case cost (TOTC) of the study hospitals for Medicare patients during the study years was $11,27.02 with a standard deviation of $117.20. The hospital with the highest average TOTC ($1538.15) was 2.08 times more expensive than the hospital with the lowest average TOTC ($743.45). The weighted mean per diem total cost (DTOC) of the study hospitals for Medicare patients during the sutdy years was $107.98 with a standard deviation of $15.18. The hospital with the highest average DTOC ($147.23) was 1.87 times more expensive than the hospital with the lowest average DTOC ($78.49). 3. The linear models for each of the six types of hospital costs were formulated using the casemix index and the eight other hospital variables as the determinants. These models explained variance to the extent of 68.7 percent of total case cost (TOTC), 63.5 percent of room and board cost (RMC), 66.2 percent of total ancillary service cost (TANC), 66.3 percent of per diem total cost (DTOC), 56.9 percent of per diem room and board cost (DRMC), and 65.5 percent of per diem ancillary service cost (DTANC). The casemix index alone explained approximately one half of interhospital cost variation: 59.1 percent for TOTC and 44.3 percent for DTOC. Thsee results demonstrate that the casemix index is the most importand determinant of interhospital cost variation Future research and policy implications in regard to the results of this study is envisioned in the following three areas: 1. Utilization of casemix related indices in the Medicare data systems. 2. Refinement of data for hospital cost evaluation. 3. Development of a system for reimbursement and cost control in hospitals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 1991

I tried to specify the taxa of Fagaceae in Korea by the character of their pollen grains. The light microscope(LM) and the Scanning electron microscope(SEM) were used to examine the pollen grains of 19 taxa, 5 genera. The result are as follows. 1. The pollen of Fagaceae in Korea could be grouped into four types and 4 subtypes. 1) Fagus type 2) Castanea type 3) Lithocarpus, Castanopsis type 4) Quercus type (1) Cyclobalanopsis subtype (2) Prinus subtype (3) Dentatae subtype (4) Cerris subtype. 2. The morphology of the granula on the pollen of Quercus was closely related to the differantiation of the shape of the cup scales. 1) The uniformity of branching granula on the pollen grain surface corresponds to the morphological features of the concentric arrangement of cup scales. 2) The morphological features of the pollen grain surface intermingled with large or small granula, simple-granula and tuber granula which have small points of circular prominence, corresponded to those of short cup scales. 3) The morphological features of the polllen grain surface intermingled with large or small granula, simple-granula and tuber granula with an apex of amoeba type corresponded to those of Q. dentata Thunb, with thin, fine and long cup scales. 4) The morphological features of the pollen grain surface intermingled with large of small granula of with only simple-granula, corresponded to those of Q. acutissima carr. with thick, fine and long cup scales. 3. The result of cluster analysis by coding the sculpture pattern of the pollen grain surface, the existence and nonexistence of surface perforate, the grain size and granula type were coincident with the system of classification of plants and showed an intimated relationship even under th level of species.