• 영미문화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.127-147
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• 2010

In Faulkner's many works, most Mulattoes are represented as tragic characters who feel confused with their racial identity and are sacrificed by the Southern racism in the end. However, in Go Down, Moses Lucas Beauchamp is an exceptional mulatto in that he survives the Southern racism and achieves some dignity as a human. It is because he maintains the relationship with his family and environment as a skilled farmer. Although Southerners idealized their lives in plantations as nature-friendly and ecological way of life, plantation owners had little direct relationship with land as plantations were cultivated by black slaves' labor. Therefore, white landowners had little knowledge about cultivation and ecological awareness. Although Lucas Beauchamp is criticized as he has the strong will to power and patriarchal attitude, it is partly caused from endeavor to overcome the suppression as a black male whose masculinity is denied in the Southern society. In spite of his limitation, he shows the possibility to escape from the curse prevailing in the South, which abuses land and other races through the relationship with others and land. He has positive aspects in that he has genuine relationship with land and others and takes his responsibility for others, searching the most suitable way to survive as a black.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1221-1244
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• 2009

The death scenes are the culmination of both Doris Lessing's "To Room Nineteen" and Toni Morrison's Sula. Lessing's Susan, an intelligent white English woman, gradually loses the meaning of life as awealthy housewife in the patriarchal society and commits suicide as her solution in Room Nineteen of Fred's Hotel. Morrison's Sula, an African-American woman, grows up without having the normal ego under Eva's matriarchy in a black community named the Bottom. Sula, after Nel's marriage, becomes a symbol of evil to her community and drifts down to death in Eva's bed. Reading these two death stories from the perspective of Jung's archetypal psychology, Susan is not able to continue to live a meaningful life because her life energy is cut off from its source which is in the unconscious. According to Jung, the symbol is the medium of the psychic energy from the unconscious to consciousness. In modern society which is represented by intelligence, the religious and mythical symbols are removed by rationalism, which means disconnection of the flow of life energy from the unconscious. Susan's death can be read as a kind of creating symbol to connect the modern people to the source of life energy. Sula's case is the opposite of Susan's. She remains in the unconscious world without having the proper ego in the absurd reality of racial and sexual problems. Sula finally rises again in Nel's awareness, becoming a symbol of the feminine goddess like goddess Inanna.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2022

지금까지 한국 사회에서 성차별적인 문화는 아주 보편적인 문화현상으로 자연스럽게 받아들여져 왔다. 남성의 우월성은 인정하면서, 여성의 보조적인 역할은 마치 상호보완적인 측면에서 반드시 필요한 것으로 합리화하였다. 21세기 주역이 되는 현재 세대들이 성 고정관념과 편견의 악순환적인 고리를 끊을 것으로 기대해보며, 그들이 성차별적인 편견을 해소할 수 있을 때 비로소 인간성의 회복을 맞게 될 것이다. 성차별적 고정관념의 타파는 결코 여성만을 위한 것이 아니라, 여성과 함께 살아가는 남성도 포함된다. 그리하여 진정한 의미의 남성과 여성의 결합과 조화가 가능할 것이라 생각한다.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.201-227
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine how France became a representative country for far-right European populism, despite its tradition of tolerance. To achieve this goal, we examine, first, how the concept of tolerance developed in France after the 16th century. Through this process, we find that within the political system, the tolerance of the liberal tradition met with universalism, a republican value, and developed into an 'institutional tolerance' that allowed 'differences' from an authoritarian perspective rather than on an equal level. This 'assimilation' policy, reflecting a 'patriarchal' and 'oppressive' institutional tolerance, formed the keynote of the immigration policy of the 20th century, which continued until the 1980s, and shows that the French government did not take practical steps for the social integration of immigrant groups under the republican universal value that does not allow 'differences.' The government came up with an 'integration' immigration policy that embraces cultural 'differences' only after encountering problems with immigrant groups. However, this was not enough to calm the antipathy towards immigrants in French society and the discontent of immigrants in French society. Also, universalism, a republican value with deep roots in France, prevented the French immigration policy from escaping its assimilationist nature even in the 21st century. In the midst of this, far-right parties have gained power by promoting xenophobic sentiments centered on immigration problems. Finally, this study also looks at how far-right populism is currently changing the French political environment.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1281-1294
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• 2010

In Written on the Body, by creating the narrator's ungendered and unsexed identity, Winterson makes her text open to the reader's assumption of the narrator's sexual and gender identity. Thus, this novel has been read, on the one hand, as a lesbian text by those who assume that the narrator is a female and, on the other hand, as a suspicious text colluding with patriarchal and heterosexual values by those who define the narrator as a male. Those readings of the narrator as one of either sex/gender, however, demonstrate how (academic as well as general) readers have been accustomed to the gender-based reading habits in which textual meanings are dichotomously arranged along the lines of sex and gender of characters. Challenging those dualistic "gendered" readings, this paper reads Winterson's Written on the Body as a queer text which interrogates, troubles, and subverts the heterosexual concepts of narrative, desire, and body without reducing the narrator's identity to the essentialist sex and gender system. More specifically, this paper examines how the narrator's 'un-/over-' determined sexual and gender identity queers the narrative structure of author-character-reader; how the narrator's queer (fluid) desire is passing and traveling across categorical contours of (homo-/hetero-) sexual desires; how Winterson challenges the concept of a coherent body and queers the concept of body as a hermeneutic text with myriad textual grids which are not coherently mapped by power but randomly inscribed by nomadic desires.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.719-751
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• 2010

While Lukacs advocated the progressive effect that Darwin's evolutionary theory had on Goethe and Balzac, he was convinced that the "influences of Nietzsche, Freud, or Spengler on the writers" of his own time were "devastating." He maintains that to the "'vacuous' reality" of bourgeois life, "the bourgeois writer counterposes 'the life of the soul,' which is 'alone decisive.' This life of the soul then becomes the centre of gravity, and sometimes the sole content of his portrayal." Naming this creative tendency psychologism, he warns against the danger of "depicting only the 'inner life,' and carrying on a more or less conscious education in the direction of political and social indifferentism, of ignoring and pushing aside the 'inessential,' 'external' struggles of the world, in favour of the 'life of the soul,' which is all that matters." However, Frantz Fanon's analysis of the psychology of the colonized in Black Skin, White Masks displays that after all, "the life of the soul" cannot be separated from the "external' struggles of the world." Pat Barker's Regeneration Trilogy, which criticizes the conduct of World War I by British leaders and the British society in general with its patriarchal, gender, and class repression by depicting the psychopathology of the shell shock victims of the same war amply shows the possibility of portraying the "external struggles of the world" through the in-depth probing into "the life of the soul" and finding political and social relevance in the process.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.1167-1191
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• 2012

For Romantic women writers the paratext itself is essentially a masculine literary space affiliated with established writing practices; however, this paper suggests that Charlotte Turner Smith's mode of discourse in her use of notes and their relation to the text proper are never fixed in her contemplative blank-verse long poem, Beachy Head (1807). Even though the display of learning in the paratext partly supports the woman writer's claim to authority, this paper argues that Smith's endnotes also indicate her way of challenging the double bind for women writers, summoning masculine authority on the margins of her book while simultaneously interrogating essentialist thinking and instructions about one's identity in a culture and on the printed page. The poem shows how the fringes of the book can be effectively transformed from a masculine site of authority to an increasingly feminized site of interchange as Smith writes with an awareness of patriarchal, imperial abuses of power in that area of the book. There is a persistent transgression of cultural/textual boundaries occurring in Beachy Head, which explores the very scene and languages of imperial encounter. Accordingly, if Wordsworth's theory of composition suggests a subjective and abstract poetic experience-an experience without mediation-in which its medium's purpose seems to be to disappear from the reader's consciousness, an examination of the alternative discourse of self-exposure in Smith's poem reveals the essentially fluid nature of media-consciousness in the Romantic era, which remains little acknowledged in received accounts of Romantic literary culture.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.87-105
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• 2006

The goal of this study is to analyze the complicated and diverse nature of the relationship between work and family life for the study paper instructors of whom are married women. The survey data for these analyses were from an in depth interview which was conducted with the 21 contingent female workers as study samples. They are the married women, who started to work or returned to work after an absence to raise a family. The results showed that in reality the contingent female worker faced worse working conditions than the full time female labour force, even if women were determined to be a study paper instructor to meet work and family demand. It was the contingent women worker with a short time work experience who were in the worst position tlo adjust their working arrangements to suit their family needs and were confronted with the greater inter-role friction as a vulnerable group. The study revealed that instrumental and emotional support of husband has a positive effect on maintaining job role and lessening role conflicts and stress of the women. The work/family relationship indicated its double side, conflict and support. The women simply could not afford to depend on the psychological support form family in the midst of the inferior employment conditions and the absence of social support. This strategy, however, was based on the family ideology and the patriarchal gender division of labor. It caused the overload, stress and poor health of women involving some risk to give up the work.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.253-264
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• 2010

본 연구는 기존의 매체 경계를 허물면서 IP TV, PMP, 온라인 등을 통해 그 도달 범위가 날로 확산되는 티비 드라마가 은주를 어떤 방식으로 재현하는지 살펴보았다. 연구자는 기존 연구들이 상대적으로 적은 관심을 할애했던 음주의 맥락과 그 사회적 함의에 중점을 두면서 두 가지 목적을 달성하고자 하였다. 첫째, 최신 인기 드라마 텍스트를 분석해 음주가 재현되는 방식을 살펴보고; 둘째, 수용자 인터뷰를 통해 드라마를 적극적으로 시청하는 수용자들이 음주 현실에 대해 어떤 인식을 형성해 있는지 알아보았다. 2008년부터 2010년 현재까지 지상파 3사에서 방영된 시청률 20% 이상 현대물 드라마 12개를 분석대상으로 선정하여 텍스트 분석한 결과 술 마시기는 일상의 정서적, 사회적 문제를 해결하는 도구로서, 남녀 간 이상적인 로맨스 매개물로서 제시되는 양상이 지배적이며 인간관계에서 갈등, 어색함을 풀고 화해와 이해를 끌어내는 역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 음주자 성별 면에서는 여성 음주자의 비율이 매우 높게 나타나지만 드라마 속 여성 음주는 대부분 남성의 보호 하에 이루어지는 것으로 나타나 대중문화 산물이 구성하는 음주 현실은 가부장적 가치관으로부터 자유롭지 않음을 드러내 보이고 있다. 수용자 인터뷰 결과 응답자들이 직접적으로 경험해보지 못한 유형의 음주에 대해서는 드라마 속 음주가 관찰학습의 대상이 되고 모방욕구를 창출한다는 것이 드러났다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2014

Purpose: To provide an in-depth analysis of the physical changes in and marital experiences of immigrant women in Korea, considering the differences in their cultural backgrounds. Methods: A qualitative research methodology with a phenomenology perspective was used. Data were collected through interviews from four focus groups and through in-depth interviews from five individuals. Data analysis was carried out using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method. Results: Twenty-four participants from nine different nations were interviewed. Three phenomenological theme clusters were identified and six sub-themes were derived. These comprise: "emergence of physical changes", "experienced symptom with negative result", and "coping with my body". The derived themes comprise: "struggling for my body to survive", "changed body after pregnancy and delivery", "diagnosed as normal but", "neglected my health", "using familiar care", and "unfamiliar health service system". Conclusion: Immigrant women by marriage in Korea are new subjects of nursing care. Their physical changes and experiences in coping with marriage at an early stage of immigration as described by themselves provide valuable information for nursing professionals. Cultural differences, problems specific to women, and our social conditions regarding minorities and our patriarchal tradition that discriminates against women affect their health problems. We strongly recommend that nurses should actively determine and engage in the health problems of immigrant women.