• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.159-168
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• 1999

Swine whipworm(Trichuris suis) is cosmopolitan nematode which can cause serious pathology in immature stage(larva2~larva5) of infected pigs, such as anorexia, diarrhea, anemia, and death in heavy infections. In this larval stages, it is very difficult to diagnose the infection of whipworm and to differentiate from other common swine gastrointestinal disorders such as 21 day scours which are associated with TGE virus, rota virus, coccidium, and the stress of weaning. In this experiment, the isolated antigens of Trichuris spp. were carried out to examine the structure and specificity of antigens and to select the reasonable antigens which would be used in serological diagnosis by electrophoresis, Western blotting, ELISA. The results of this experiment were as follows; 1. The common fractions of each Trichuris suis antigen were identified 28,32,45, 80kDa by SDS-PAGE with silver stain and four major fractions could be detected in positive swine sera by Western blot analysis. 2. The OD(optical density) values of somatic and excretory-secretory antigens which were reacted against positive(negative) sera from pigs infected with Trichuris suis by ELISA reader were; 1) OD values($mean{\pm}SD$) of adult somatic antigen against positive(negative) sera were $0.30{\pm}0.12(0.09{\pm}0.006)$ and third-stage larva of somatic antigen were $0.28{\pm}0.038(0.10{\pm}0.005)$. And OD values of excretory-secretory antigens of adult and third-stage larva were $0.24{\pm}0.031(0.11{\pm}0.005)$ and $0.08{\pm}0.013(0.10{\pm}0.003)$, respectively. 2) OD values of adult somatic, larval somatic antigen and adult excretory-secretory antigen response to positive sera were significantly (p<0.01) associated with negative swine sera. And the Cut-off OD values(minimum positive value) were determined to be mean negative value plus 3 SD that would minimized the risk of false positives. 3. The OD values of somatic antigens of T suis and T vulpis against swine positive(negative) sera were $0.30{\pm}0.120(0.09{\pm}0.006)$ and $0.25{\pm}0.141(0.09{\pm}0.003)$. These data mean that the somatic antigens of T suis and T vulpis were able to diagnose T vulpis infection in dogs as well as T suis infection in pigs. These results suggest that somatic antigen of third-stage larva and excretory-secretory antigen of adult T suis could be used the diagnostic antigen by serological test(ELISA) in immature Trichuris spp. infection.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 1997

Squamous cell carcinoma originating in the parotid gland has rare occurrence. The primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland comprise about 0.3% and 9.8% of all parotid malignant tumor. We investigated the clinical behavior and treatment outcome of patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. We reviewed all cases of possible primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland treated at Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea, from 1981 through 1995. A total of 128 had primary parotid malignancy. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were excluded in this study. Ten cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland were identified. 6 cases of them are men & 4 cases are women. The age of patients ranged from 31 to 68 years with median age of 55 years. On physical examination, 5 cases had palpated cervical neck node and 6 cases had facial nerve palsy. Staging was done according to the current guidelines established by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (1992). Two cases were stage I, 1 in stage III, and 7 in stage IV. Six cases were performed operation and postoperative radiation therapy. Four cases were treated by curative radiation therapy, dose of more than 65 Gy on parotid gland region. The 5 year actual survival rate and the 5 year disease free survival rate were 30.8%, and 40.0%. Initial complete response rate was 70% for all patients. Local failure were occurred 3 of 7 patients with local controlled cases, failure sites were primary site, ipsilateral cervical neck node, contralateral supraclavicular node. Most recurrences developed within 1 year of initial treatment. Distant metastasis was appeared 2 of 3 patients who did not achieved local control. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland occured infrequently. A retrospective study at the Yonsei Cancer Center indicates incidence of 7.8%. At diagnosis, advanced stage, neck node presentation, facial nerve paralysis were associated with a poor prognosis. These results may suggested that radical surgical excision may be treatment of choice and that planned postoperative radiotherapy may be bendicial for reducing locoregional recurrence rates.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2001

Background: Primary malignant lymphoma of the parotid gland is a rare disease and defined as any malignant lymphoma that first manifests in the parotid gland, regardless of the subsequent stage of the diseases, whether it arises in the parenchyma or intraglandular lymph nodes. This study was performed to review the clinicopathological characteristics of primary parotid lymphoma and identify its optimal treatment modality. Materials and Methods: Six cases with parotid mass as first presentation of malignant lymphoma between 1988 and 2000, were studied on the basis of clinical features, diagnostic tools, treatment modality, treatment outcomes, and clinical stage by Ann Arbor Criteria. All were microscopically reevaluated and classified by NCI working formulation. Results: All patients were males and mean age was 36.7 years (2-66 years). Rapid growing non-tender mass was presented in all the cases and cervical lymphnodes were palpated in 4 cases. However, there was not any evidence of concurrent autoimmune disease such as Sjogren's syndrom or Rheumatoid arthritis. One case was confirmed by surgical specimen after superficial parotidectomy, 2 by excisional biopsy, and 3 by incisional biopsy. The stage of disease by NCI working formulation was IE in 1 patient, IIE in 4 and IV in 1. All were classified into non-Hodgkin' lymphoma, of which there were 5 cases of B-cell type and 1 case of T-cell type. There were 3 diffuse large cell lymphomas, 1 Burkitt lymphoma, 1 MALT lymphoma and 1 T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Three cases were treated by chemotherapy only, 2 by radiotherapy only and 1 by chemo-radiotherapy. One case with Burkitt lymphoma was died from the disease and one case was lost to follow-up. The others are alive with no evidence of recurrence. Conclusions: Although primary parotid lymphoma is rare and difficult to diagnose preoperatively, most were detected in early stage and showed a relatively good response to the chemotherapy or radiotherapy like other types of extranodal malignant lymphoma.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.148-152
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• 2005

A novel neuropeptide with a relaxing activity on the dorsal retractor muscle (DRM) was isolated from the whole body extract of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera. The peptide was purified by gel-filtration ion-exchange and $C_{18}$ reversed-phase HPLC. The complete amino acid sequence of this peptide, which was determined by automated Edman degradation and MALDI-TOF mass, was Phe-Gly-Lys-Gly-Gly-Ala-Tyr-Asp-Pro-Leu-Ser-Ala-Gly-Phe-Thr-Asp. A comparison of the amino acid sequence with those of other known neuropeptides revealed that the asteripectin was a novel neuropeptide with smooth muscle-relaxing activity on the starfish DRM. This peptide showed threshold response to relaxing activity on the DRM at $10^{-10}M$ and the maximal relaxing effect was $120{\pn}7.0\%$ at $10^{-5}M$. The relaxing activity of this peptide on the starfish DRM increased in a dose-dependent manner.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2000

Objective: The presence of the various cytokines in human peritoneal fluid has been evaluated incompletely. Changes in cytokine levels may be related to activation of peritoneal macrophage and T-lymphocyte, development of endometriosis, and infertility. This study assesses peritoneal fluid levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in infertile women with endometriosis and normal women without endometriosis. Design: Prospective and case-control study in university hospital. Materials and Methods: Cytokine levels in peritoneal fluid obtained during laparotomy or laparoscopy from 21 patients in infertile patients with endometriosis and 24 controls undergoing laparotomy or laparoscopy with no evidence of pelvic endometriosis were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean levels of interleukin-6 in infertile patients with endometriosis and controls were $72.7{\pm}23.7$ pg/ml and $18.5{\pm}9.7$ pg/ml respectively (p=0.02). Similarly, the mean levels of interleukin-8 in infertile patients with endometriosis was significantly higher than that of controls ($445.0{\pm}89.6$, vs $45.1{\pm}48.4$, p=0.04). The mean concentration of interleukin-10 in infertile patients with endometriosis was significantly lower than that of controls ($1.09{\pm}0.04$ vs $2.19{\pm}0.03$, p=0.03). The level of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ was not significantly different between the two study groups. Conclusions: Increased IL-6 and IL-8 and decreased IL-10 levels in the peritoneal fluid may be related to pathogenesis in the endometriosis and infertility, suggesting that partially contribute to the disturbed immune regulation observed in infertili women with endometriosis.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2007

Background: The term "overlap syndromes" designates a group of diseases in which polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM) is associated with some other disorders of connective tissues. The aim of this study was to delineate the clinical features, laboratory findings, and outcome of treatment of "overlap syndromes" Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 16 patients (PM in 10, DM in 6) with well documented "overlap syndromes" between 1997 and 2004. The diagnosis was made when the criteria for two different disorders were fulfilled. Results: All patients were female. Age of onset ranged from 14 to 52 years (mean 29.8 years) with peak incidence in the third and fourth decades. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was associated in 10, systemic sclerosis in 7, and rheumatoid arthritis in 3 patients. Four of the patients had two different connective tissue diseases simultaneously. The characteristic clinical features were muscle weakness, arthralgia, Raynaud's phenomenon, and myalgia. In laboratory tests, creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and transaminases were usually abnormal. Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and cryoglobulin were found in 100%, 69%, and 67% of the patients, respectively. Needle electromyography (EMG) showed abnormal findings compatible with myopathy in 15 patients. The pathology of muscle biopsy from 14 patients revealed findings compatible with inflammatory myopathy. Glucocorticoids were administered to 15 patients. The muscle strength improved in all the treated patients, which was well correlated with repeat CK level and EMG findings. Conclusions: The presence of autoantibodies such as ANA, RF, and cryoglobulin in patients with PM or DM highly suggests the possibility of an overlap syndromes. These syndromes reveal a strong female predominance. The myositis associated with them usually shows a good response to glucocorticoids treatment.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 2011

Periodontitis results from the activation of host immune and inflammatory defense responses to subgingival plaque bacteria, most of which are gram-negative rods with lipopoly-saccharides (LPSs) in their cell walls. LPSs have been known to induce proinflammatory responses and recently it was reported also that they induce the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in host cells. In our current study therefore, we aimed to examine and compare the miRNA expression patterns induced by the LPSs of major periodontopathogens in the human gingival epithelial cell line, Ca9-22. The cells were treated with 1 ${\mu}g$/ml of E. coli (Ec) LPS or 5 ${\mu}g$/ml of an LPS preparations from four periodontopathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) for 24 h. After small RNA extraction from the treated cells, miRNA microarray analysis was carried out and characteristic expression profiles were observed. Fn LPS most actively induced miRNAs related to inflammation, followed by Aa LPS, Pi LPS, and Ec LPS. In contrast, Pg LPS only weakly activated miRNAs related to inflammation. Among the miRNAs induced by each LPS, miR-875-3p, miR-449b, and miR-520d-3p were found to be commonly up-regulated by all five LPS preparations, although at different levels. When we further compared the miRNA expression patterns induced by each LPS, Ec LPS and Pi LPS were the most similar although Fn LPS and Aa LPS also induced a similar miRNA expression pattern. In contrast, the miRNA profile induced by Pg LPS was quite distinctive compared with the other bacteria. In conclusion, miR-875-3p, miR-449b, and miR-520d-3p miRNAs are potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal inflammation induced by subgingival plaque biofilms. Furthermore, the observations in our current study provide new insights into the inflammatory miRNA response to periodontitis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.16.1-16.5
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• 2018

Background: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is an oral potentially malignant disorder, characterized by multifocal expression, progressive clinical evolution, and a high rate of malignant transformation. Evidence-based information regarding optimal PVL management is lacking, due to the paucity of data. The present report describes a case of PVL associated with HPV-16 infection and epithelial dysplasia treated by diode laser surgery, and the outcome of disease clinical remission over a 2-year follow-up period. Case report: A 61-year-old Caucasian male with oral verrucous hyperkeratosis presented for diagnosis. The lesions were localized on the maxillary gingiva and palatal alveolar ridge. Multiple biopsy specimens have been taken by mapping the keratotic lesion area. Microscopic examination was compatible with a diagnosis of PVL with focal mild dysplasia, localized in the right maxillary gingiva. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection which revealed presence of HPV DNA, and the genotype revealed HPV 16 in the sample. The PVL in the right gingival area was treated on an outpatient basis by excision with a diode laser. This approach resulted in good clinical response and decreased morbidity over a 2-year follow-up period. Conclusions: This case illustrates the benefit of a conservative approach by diode laser treatment than wide surgical excision for management of the PVL lesions associated with mild dysplasia and HPV-16 infection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.536-541
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• 1992

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a type of diffuse interstitial lung disease that primarily affects the small conducting airways and characterized by the presence of granulation tissue plugs within the lumen of small airways often extending into alveolar ducts. It is associated with a number of different causes, including a variety of infections, fume exposures, drugs, collagen diseases and idiopathic. Recently we have experienced one patient with idiopathic BOOP. The patient was a 58 year old man presented with 2 months' history of dry cough and exertional dyspnea. The phyical examination showed inspiratory crackles at both lower lung field. Chest X-ray showed bilateral multiple patchy alveolar density. Pulmonary function studies showed a moderate degree of restrictive lung disease. Open lung biopsy carried out and revealed findings characteristic of BOOP. There was a dramatic response clinically and radiologically to high dose predinisolone therapy. Chest X-ray and pulmonary function test under-taken one year later showed marked improvement. New lesion on chest PA was developed during the period of tapering of prednisolone dose, but it was soon disappeared after increasing of prednisolone dose. One year later, he is well without steroid therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 1993

Polymyositis (PM) is a inflammatory connective tissue disease involving predominantly skeletal muscles, characterized by symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness, inflammation, and frequently, degeneration. Interstitial lung disease in association with PM occurs in 5~10% of cases and carries an especially grave prognosis. Although the cause of lung involvement in PM is not known, the underlying pathologic process in the lung is an immune mediated inflammation of alveolar structures, alveolitis. It is of interest, therefore, that cyclophosphamide, an immune modulating agent, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of PM. We report a case of corticosteroid resistant PM associated with interstitial lung disease, successfully treated with cyclophosphamide. A 37-year-old female was presented with 8 months duration of cough, exertional dyspnea, and muscle weakness. She had typical symptoms, physical findings, and elevated muscle enzyme levels in serum with characteristic findings of muscle biopsy. She also had typical interstitial lung disease pattern on chest X-ray and high resolution CT with restrictive pattern on pulmonary function test. The findings of transbronchial lung biopsy was compatible with interstitial lung disease. She failed to respond to corticosteroid initially. Subsequently steroids and cyclophosphamide were given with excellent clinical improvement.