• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

The grain rot of caused by Bukholderia glumae was fist reported in japan in 1955 and then reported in other countries as well as in Korea in 1986. The pathogen causes both seedling and grain rot of rice but it cannot attack any other parts of adult rice plant. Bacterial colonies grow slowly, and are circular and greyish white. The causal bacterium is Gram-negative and rod shape with 1-3 polar flagella, and produce a diffusible yellow-greenish nonfluorescent pigment on King's medium B. Biochemical characteristics such as negative in arginine dehydrolase, oxidase reaction and nitrate reduction and positive in lecithinase, and the utilization of L-arginine and inositol are useful in differentiation of this from other nonfluorescent bacteria pathogenic to rice. This pathogenic bacterium had belonged to the genus of Pseudomonas but recently was transferred to the new genus Burkholderia on the basis of physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data. However, other characteristics such as colony heterogenicity or colonial variation after subcultures, phytotoxin, secreting antibiotics, and relationship between yellow greenish pigment production and pathogenicity need to be clarified more. To develop an effective control strategy for this disease, understanding of detailed life cycle of the disease and critical environmental factors affecting disease development is prerequisite. Although 5,435 ha of rice paddy in Korea was infested during 1998, there is no exact estimation of yield losses and distribution of the pathogen. The review will focus on recent progress on the understanding of the bacteriological and ecological characteristics of the causal bacterium and control means of the disease.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-68
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• 1996

This thesis is a try for examining the historical characteristics of Constiutional medicine. For this purpose, I have examined their theory, and made a comparison carefully. Through this study, I have obtained several results as following. Both Chang and Lee lived in the time of change, which was unstable and uncertain. Under the condition, they both rejected following the existing trends of learned circles, and developed new thoughts and clinical techniques. They rejected superstitious beliefs and fatalism, and conducted the pursuit of experimental knowledge and rationale idea. Clinical experience was the very base of their study. They both criticized the bad habits of abuse of tonifing medication and health seeking. Especially Lee regarded control of emotion and regulation of a way of life as the best way for preservation of one's health. Chang regarded pathogenic factors as the ultimate factor of diseases, and strived for eliminating pathogenic factors, but L brought to a conclusion that the final factor of diseases was what is called "heart" itself, and emotional changes were the most essential causes of disease. It can be said that the pathogenesis insisted by Chang can be called The insistence that pathologic factors are the very etiology of all the disease (邪氣致病論), or all the diseases result from pathologic factors. And his whole remedy can be summarized as following, A study on the method of eliminating pathogenic factors. But the purpose of Constitutional medicine is to correct imbalance intrinsic to one's internal organs. In this aspect, Constitutional medicine is a "regulatory medicine". Depending on the classification of six vital substances, Chang classified all disease into six categories. These were based on symptoms and sings represented. While classification of diseases made by Lee was likely to rely upon constitutional characteristics. Chang thought that the three remedies made up of perspiration, purgation, vomiting were the most efficient way of eliminating pathogenic factors. Lee, however, thought those weren't methods of eliminating pathogenic factors but the best ways restoring one's self-regulation power. Chang thought that all the febrile disease essentially has a tendency in properties to belong to "heat", but Lee pointed out that pathologic processes are variable in accordance with constitutional features. They both regarded pathogenesis of diabetes as fire. That is to say, fire is the most essential factor of diabetes. And there are many risk factors such as inappropriate foods, drugs, climate, etc., but Lee thought what is most important is heart. Putting all accounts together, medical characteristics of Chang are similar to those of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, and have no relation to those of those of Shaoyinjen. Therefore we can conclude that Chang understood pathologic processes of disease of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, whether he knew about constitutional features or not.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was examined the characteristics of bacteria isolated from the dental stone that is made ??in the dental laboratory. Methods: 104 dental stones samples were collected from the 4 dental laboratory. Characteristics of bacteria were investigated by microorganism isolation culture method using a Blood Tryptic Soy Agar(TSA) medium. Results: The detected various bacteria was confirmed as pathogenic bacteria, non-pathogenic bacteria and natural bacteria. The isolated bacterial number was confirmed $2.9{\times}10^3CFU$ and maxium bacterial number of $3.0{\times}10^4CFU$. Conclusion: Therefore, infection prevention education is required, it must be to live up the hand-washing and wear protective clothing to protect themselves when working in a dental laboratory.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2018

This study investigates the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease through quantitative analysis of intra-buccal oral pathogenic bacteria detected in smokers and aims to yield objective baseline data for applications in anti-smoking and dental health education programs. From April to May 2016, participants in an oral health management program within an intensive dental hygiene training course at Choonhae College of Health Sciences received an explanation of the study purposes and methods, after which male smokers aged 18~30 years agreed to participate voluntarily. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of oral pathogenic bacteria was performed after collecting gingival sulcus fluid samples from 67 smokers. The intra-buccal oral pathogenic bacteria distributions were analyzed based on the subjects' general characteristics, smoking behaviors, and oral care behaviors. The distribution results show that pathogens in the anterior teeth are affected (in this order) by age, toothbrush size, and smoking status; older people had fewer pathogens, those who used larger toothbrushes had more pathogens, and smokers had more pathogens, compared to non-smokers ($_{adj}R^2=19.1$). In the posterior teeth, pathogens were influenced (in this order) by smoking status, smoking duration, and the number of tooth brushings per day; smokers had more pathogens than non-smokers, and those who brushed their teeth more often had fewer pathogens ($_{adj}R^2=25.1$). The overall pathogen distribution was affected only by smoking status: smokers generally had more pathogens, compared to non-smokers. Therefore, it is necessary to provide information about the risk of periodontal disease due to smoking during anti-smoking or dental health education sessions; particularly, the use of smaller toothbrushes for anterior teeth and the need for smokers in their early twenties to quit smoking for dental health should be highly emphasized.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2004

A total of 52 pathogenic Vibrio strains was isolated from the Gwangan Beach during summer in 2003. The isolated vibrios were composed of 6 different species: V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae non O1, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, and V. mimicus. V. parahaemolyticus was most predominant as $46\%$ (24/52), V. cholerae non O1 was the second with $23\%$ (12/52), and V. fluvialis was the third with $17\%$ (9/52). Among the isolated strains, 22 strains showed hemolytic, proteolytic or ureolytic activity. Eight strains showed both hemolysin and protease activities, and either 6 strains showed only hemolysin activities and 7 strains only protease activities. Only one strain of V. parahaemolyticus isolates showed urease activity. The urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus strain (V. parahaemolyticus S25) showed the same biochemical characteristics as the reference strain, V. parahaemolyticus KCTC 2471 (urease­negative) except for urease production. To compare the degree of virulence of Vibrio strains having different pathogenic factors, hemolysin, protease, or urease-positive strains were injected into groups of 10 each of ICR mice (7- to l0-week-old male). The lethal rate of urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus S25 was significantly high, being $70\%$. Protease-positive strains showed $40-60\%$ of lethal rate. Hemolysin-positive strains showed no mortality, similar to non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus KCTC 2471 and V. parahaemolyticus FM12.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2024

Background: Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that cause tissue damage and alveolar bone destruction resulting in the loss of teeth and implants. Due to the biological differences in the tissues surrounding the implants, peri-implantitis progresses more rapidly and intensely than periodontitis, underscoring the importance of understanding the characteristics and interactions of pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the pathogenic microorganisms associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis in Korean patients and evaluate the correlation between these bacteria. Methods: A total of 98 (52 males and 46 females) were randomly selected and classified into three groups (healthy group [HG]=25; periodontitis group [PG]=31; and peri-implantitis group [PIG]=42). The relative expression levels of 11 pathogenic microorganisms collected from the gingival sulcus fluid were determined using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella nigrescens were highly prevalent in the HG, PG, and PIG patients. The results of the relative quantitative analysis of microorganisms showed that all bacteria belonging to the green, orange, and red complexes were significantly more abundant in the PG and PIG than in the HG (p<0.05). Porphyromonas gingivalis in the red complex showed a positive correlation with all microorganisms in the orange complex (p<0.05). Campylobacter rectus in the orange complex showed a significant positive correlation with all microorganisms in the red complex, and with F. nucleatum, P. nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, and Eubacterium nodatum (p<0.05). Conclusion: P. gingivalis, C. rectus, and F. nucleatum exhibit strong interactions. Removing these bacteria can block complex formation and enhance the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.366-374
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• 2012

최근 2010년 우리나라 통계에서 가장 문제가 되고 있는 최다 발생 식중독으로 노로바이러스 식중독이 31건, 1994명 환자, 병원성 대장균이 28건, 1926명의 환자가 발생하였다. 세균성 식중독인 병원성 대장균의 특성을 살펴보기 위하여 본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 2009년, 2010년 작성된 병원성대장균 역학조사 보고서에 수록된 68건의 병원성 대장균 식중독의 정보를 수집, 리뷰, 분석하여 우리나라 병원성 대장균의 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 병원성 대장균 식중독은 급식(64.8%) 및 외식(25.5%)에서 발생률이 약 90%에 해당하였다. 우리나라 발생 병원성 대장균 식중독 원인균의 대부분은 EPEC가 44.7%과 ETEC가 34.2%를 차지하여 이들이 전체의 78.9% 가량 대다수를 차지하였고 EAEC와 EHEC는 각각 10.5와 9.2%에 해당하였다. 전체 68건 사례 중에서 이들이 단일균으로 규명된 것이 모두 59건, 두 가지 타입이 혼재된 건이 8건, 그리고 최종 균의 타입이 동정되지 못한 건수가 1건 있어 오염경로 추적의 어려움을 알 수 있었다. 섭취인구에 따라 다양한 질병 발생률을 보여 평균적으로 $33.6{\pm}30.5%$의 발생률을 나타냈고 주 증상은 설사, 복통, 구토, 발열이 대부분이었다. 식품에서 병원성 대장균이 검출된 사례는 두건으로 햄버거를 섭취한 경우 냉동햄버거 패티에서 병원성 대장균이 검출된 사례와 급식에서 오징어야채무침에서 검출된 건수가 있어서 식품에서 검출률이 낮았지만 쇠고기와 수산물 혹은 야채류에서 관리가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 식품에서 병원성 대장균 검출이 어렵게 되는 원인으로 분석된 것은 식중독 발생에서 신고까지 지연 (7일 이상 소요된 건수가 14.6-18.5%), 원인 식품 수거 어려움 (음식점에서 식중독 때 섭취 식품 수거율 17.6%)과 같이 제도적 부분에서 개선이 필요하며 이들 주요 애로 사항이외에도 역학 조사반의 어려움으로는 발생기관과 환자의 비협조 및 환자들 샘플채취 미흡, 대조군 확보의 어려움, 유전자 분석의 보완과 같은 부분으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 우리나라 병원성 대장균 식중독은 서구국가와 같이 EHEC과 같은 부분이 아니라 급식 및 외식시설에서 EPEC, ETEC가 주요 원인균인 만큼 향후 대응도 원인균 유입경로 추적 및 분석기술 개발, 역학조사의 제도적 보완과 범 정부부처간의 시스템적인 지원이 필요하다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2002

A survey of Fusarium wilt of perilla was conducted in 12 locations in Korea from 1999 to 2001. The disease occurred in 74 out of 187 fields in the 12 locations surveyed, and incidence of the disease reached up to 30% at its maximum in some perilla fields in Seosan and Dangjin. Incidence of the disease in the other locations ranged from 0.2 to 20%. A total of 327 isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from stems and roots of the diseased perilla plants. The isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Out of the 327 isolates of Fusarium, 277 isolates from 12 locations were identified as F. oxysporum, 11 isolates from three locations as F. solani,17 isolates from two locations as F. equiseti, 4 isolates from one location as F. avenaceum and 6 isolates from one location as F. subglutinans. The other 12 isolates of Fusarium from four locations were unidentified. Twelve isolates of F. oxysporum and two isolates each of the other Fusarium spp. were tested for their pathogenicity to five cultivars of perilla. Seven isolates of F. oxysporum were strongly pathogenic to some perilla cultivars, but the other five isolates were weakly or not pathogenic. One isolate of F. solani was strongly pathogenic to all the perilla cultivars tested, but another isolate was not pathogenic. All the isolates of F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, and F. Subglutinans tested were not pathogenic to any of the perilla cultivars tested. Symptoms on the perilla plants induced by artificial inoculation with strongly pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani appeared as wilt, stem blight, and root yet, which were similar to those observed in the fields. The isolates which induced symptoms by artificial inoculation were re-isolated from the lesions of the perilla plants inoculated. All the isolates of F. oxysporum tested were not pathogenic to eight other crops inoculated. Results of this study reveal that F. oxysporum is the main pathogen of perilla wilt and that it is host specific to perilla. forma specialis of F. oxysporum causing wilt of perilla is proposed as perillae.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.1476-1480
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• 2016

본 연구는 젖산균 배양상등액(ELAM)의 항균 효과 및 저온저장 돈육의 보존성과 품질 변화를 확인하기 위해 시행되었다. 현재까지 그 항균능력이 연구되지 않은 Lactobacillus sicerae를 비롯해 두 종의 젖산균인 Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei의 비교를 통해 그 항균력과 보존제로서의 가능성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 3종의 ELAM은 모두 돈육등심의 14일간 저온저장 후의 품질에 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 돈육의 일반성분, pH, TBARS, 육색에 중대한 변화를 초래하지 않았으며 이와 대조적으로 L. sicerae는 다른 두 종의 젖산균 ELAM 처리군에 비해 3종의 병원성 미생물(Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus)에 대한 성장 억제 능력과 돈육접종 후 14일간의 저온저장 후의 미생물 수에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 우수한 효과를 나타내는 것으로 관찰되었다. 본 연구의 예비연구에서 ELAM 처리 돈육의 보수력과 가열감량에도 유의적인 변화가 없는 것으로 관찰되어 앞으로 L. sicerae의 사용 안전성 및 독성에 대한 추가 연구가 있을 시 안전하고 효율적인 자연친화적 육류보존제로서의 사용 가능성의 전망이 매우 밝다고 판단된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2006

Twenty-two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae were obtained from diseased strawberry plants and their characteristics were investigated by vegetative compatibility group (VCG), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and pathogenicity. Three major VCGs (A, B, and C) and one incompatible group were identified by nitrate reductase complementation test. The virulence pattern of the 22 isolates was studied in relation to four cultivars including Dochiodome, Red-pearl, Maehyang and Akihime. RAPD markers were used to determine genetic relationship, and created three major clusters among the 22 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae. Isolates belong to VCG-C were strongly pathogenic, and relatively high correlation was existed among VCG and RAPD, and virulence. In addition, VCG and RAPD pattern between pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates were distinctly different.