• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 1998

Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata were leaf blight fungi detected from 45 seed samples of Job's tears and B. coicis was the predominant species in seed samples followed by C. lunata, B. cynodontis and B. maydis. When the seed components were plated on test tube agar, B. coicis and C. lunata were highly detected from invelucre, glume, endosperm and stamen, but not detected from plumule. Seed infection with B. coicis casued seed rot, coleoptile blight and seedling blight of Job's tears. Conidial characteristics of leaf blight fungi were as follows; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~5 distoseptate, and 16.8-48$\times$7.2-16.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~8 distoseptate, and 16.8-72$\times$9.6-19.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$; B. maydis was fusiform, brown, distintly curved, 0~10 distoseptate, and 28.8-110.4$\times$12-21.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. C. Lunata was fusiform, brown, typically curved, 0~3 distoseptate, and 7.2-24$\times$4.8-12 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. B. coicis was highly pathogenic to Job's tears and corn, weakly pathogenic to rice, but not pathogenic to wheat and barley. c. lunata was highly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 2), corn, wheat and barley, weakly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 1), but not pathogenic to rice. All treatments were effective to inhibition of leaf blight fungi when carboram, benoram, fludioxonil, prochloraz, thioram, and tap water treated to infected seeds.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2020

This study was conducted with the support of the Information and Communication Technology Promotion Center, funded by the government (Ministry of Science and ICT) in 2019. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is an acute infectious disease of birds caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection, causing serious damage to poultry such as chickens and ducks. High pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is caused by focusing on winter rather than year-round, and sometimes does not occur at all during a certain period of time. Due to these characteristics of HPAI, there is a problem that does not accumulate enough actual data. In this paper study, GAN network was utilized to generate actual similar data containing missing values and the process is introduced. The results of this study can be used to measure risk by generating realistic simulation data for certain times when HPAI did not occur.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.324-334
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• 1995

The actinomycete strain A 11 was antagonistic to plant pathogenic fungi Phytophthora capsid and Magnaporthe grisea. Based on the diaminopimelic acid (DAP) type and morphological characteristics examined by scanning electron microscopy, the strain A 11 was confirmed to belong to the genus Streptomyces. Based on Willcox probability and similarity level, the strain A 11 was numerically identified as Streptomyces flaveus using TAXON program of Ward and Goodfellow. Antibiotic production of S. flaveus strain A 11 was most favorable when cultured on glycerol yeast extract peptone (GYP) agar for 20 days at $28^{\circ}C$. The crude antibiotics from solid GYP agar cultures of the strain A 11 were most effective against Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum among the fungi tested. Antifungal activity of the antibiotics against Alternaria solani, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Cercospora capsici, Magnaporthe grisea, and Rhizoctonia solani was somewhat high, whereas Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum were rarely inhibited even at high concentrations.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2021

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is caused by autosomal dominant pathogenic variants in one of 14 currently known monogenic genes. Characteristics of patients with MODY include early-onset clinical disease with a family history of diabetes and negative autoantibodies and may present with heterogeneous phenotypes according to the different subtypes. Here, we report a patient with early-onset diabetes who presented asymptomatic mild fasting hyperglycemia with the absence of autoantibodies. She was diagnosed with glucokinase (GCK)-MODY caused by a GCK variant, c.1289T>C (p.L430P), identified by targeted gene-panel testing, and the affected father had the same variant. We interpreted this rare missense variant as a likely pathogenic variant and then she stopped taking oral medication. This case highlights the usefulness of gene-panel testing for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of MODY. We also note the importance of familial genetic testing and genetic counseling for the proper interpretation of MODY variants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.189-199
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• 2000

To search for the antifungal substances, various actino-mycete isolates were obtained from various soils of Korea using plate dilution method on the humic acid vitamin agar plates. In the screening procedures using a dual culture method, 32 actionomycete isolates were selected, which showed the inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi Altirnaria mali, Colletotrichum gloeosporides, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, Magnaporthe grisea, Phytophthora capsici, and Rhizoctonia solani. Bioassay of the crude extracts from culture filtrates and mycelial mets revealed that 12 antagonistic actionomycetes produced highly active antifungal substances. Actinomycete strain S5-55 which showed the substantial antifungal activity against the tested fungi was selected for production of the antifungal substances. Based on the cytochemical and morphological characteristics, strain S5-55 was identified as a Streptomyces species. The results of the numerical identification using the TAXON program confirmed that Streptomyces strain S5-55 was identical with Streptomyces humidus including in TAXON major cluster 19. The production of antifungal substance was most favorable when S. humidus strain S5-55 was cultivated for 10 dats on soluble starch broth supplemented with $K_2$HPO$_4$. The antifungal substances active against the plant pathogenic fungi P. capsici and M. grisea were partially purified using $\textrm{C}_{18}$ reversed-phase column chromatography.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate incidence of extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains and characteristics of ESBL gene in pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from poultry during the period from April 2003 to December 2005 in Korea. Among 203 isolates, 4 isolates (3 from broilers and 1 from layer) were confirmed as ESBL producing strains by double disk synergy test, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for ${\beta}$-lactamase genes. $bla_{CTX-M-15}$ and $bla_{CMY-2}$ were detected in these 4 isolates and were transferred to recipient by conjugation, respectively. Also, these ESBL producing strains were associated with multiple drug resistance. In conclusion, these results exhibit incidence of CTX-M and CMY-2 ${\beta}$-lactamase in pathogenic E coli from poultry in Korea, and clinically important meaning in human. And they also suggest the needs for rapid and broad surveillance to monitor ESBL genes and R plasmid transferring resistant gene in poultry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.330-336
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• 2004

Fifty-two pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from the environments of Busan and Yeosu, Korea. Forty-three of these strains showed protease activities, whereas 4 strains showed $\alpha / \beta$ hemolysin activities and 6 strains had urease activities. Their pathogenic factors were not overlapping except one strain, which had both protease and hemolysin activities. The 6 urease-positive strains (V. parahaemolyticus YKB4, YKB14, S25, YFB20, YFO21, and YFO22) showed the same biochemical characteristics as a reference strain [V. parahaemolyticus KCTC 2471 (urease-negative)], except for urease production. The 6 urease-positive strains showed different urease activities in their culture supernatant during the growth. The urease activity of S25 increased sharply at the late exponential phase, and was the highest at the initial stationary phase and was kept until the late stationary phase. The other 5 isolates, except C25, showed urease activities at the mid-stationary phase and increased steadily until the late stationary phase, when the urease activity was maximal. To compare the degree of virulence of V. parahaemolyticus with different pathogenic factors, hemolysin, protease, or urease-positive strains were injected into groups of 10 each of ICR mice (7- to l0-week-old males). The lethal rates of urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus, YKB14, YKB4, and S25, were significantly high, being 50, 70, and 80%, respectively. Protease-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains FM39 and FM50 showed 40% and 60% of lethal rate, respectively. Hemolysin-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains S34 and S72 had no mortality, similar to nonpathogenic V. parahaemolyticus FM12.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2064-2070
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• 2018

Pseudomonas tolaasii 6264 is a representative strain that causes bacterial blotch disease on the cultivated oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Bacteriophages are able to sterilize the pathogenic P. tolaasii strains, and therefore, they can be applied in creating disease-free mushroom cultivation farms, through a method known as "phage therapy". For successful phage therapy, the characterization of phage-resistant strains is necessary, since they are frequently induced from the original pathogenic bacteria in the presence of phages. When 10 different phages were incubated with P. tolaasii 6264, their corresponding phage-resistant strains were obtained. In this study, changes in pathogenic, genetic, and biochemical characteristics as well as the acquired phage resistance of these strains were investigated. In the phylogenetic analyses, all phage-resistant strains were identical to the original parent strain based on the sequence comparison of 16S rRNA genes. When various phage-resistant strains were examined by three different methods, pitting test, white line test, and hemolytic activity, they were divided into three groups: strains showing all positive results in three tests, two positive in the first two tests, and all negative. Nevertheless, all phage-resistant strains showed that their pathogenic activities were reduced or completely lost.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

After translating the contents of "Treatise on Bundon Disease in Chapter 8 of the Essence of the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" and it was compared with the contents of "The Lecture of Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber" and speculated to review the characteristics of the comments of Ui(尤怡) and the following conclusions were made. As the causes of bundon(奔豚) disease, which means gas rushing like a running piggy from the lower abdomen to the throat, they could be categorized into the cases belongs to miscellaneous diseases (雜病) and into the cases of suffering from cold diseases(傷寒). If it was diagnosed as miscellaneous disease, terror and fear(驚恐) could be regarded as its cause and if it was diagnosed as cold disease, insufficiency of heart Gi(心氣) due to the excessive sweating and the invasion of exterior coldness could be regarded as its cause. As the pathogenesis of this disease, the pathogenic factors of liver and kidney could be found. Since the liver and Soyang meridian(少陽經) are subjected to the exterior and interior relation in case of the pathogenic factor of liver, alternate attacks of chills and fever(寒熱往來) could be characteristic for the disease. If this disease was caused by the pathogenic factor of kidney, there are two cases. One is the palpitation under the umbilicus(欲作奔豚: 臍下動悸) developed by the lack of heart Gi(心氣) and the other is gas rushing like a running piggy from the lower abdomen to the throat which could be developed by the exterior cold disease which invade into the interior and reach into the kidney when the heart Gi(心氣) was insufficient. In its treatment, bundon disease caused by the pathogenic factor of liver could be treated with Bundontang(奔豚湯), and the understanding of Ui(尤怡) on Pinellia ternata Breitenbach(半夏) having the effect of perspiration in the prescription is quite unique concept. In case of bundon disease caused by the pathogenic factor of kidney, treatment is focused to treat exterior coldness by applying moxibustion(灸) and Gyejigagyetang(桂技加桂湯), and in case of the palpitation under the umbilicus(欲作奔豚: 臍下動悸), its pathogenic factor of kidney is controlled with Cinnamomum louerii Nees(桂技), Polia cocos Walf and the spleen Gi(脾氣) is cared by using Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer et. De Candolle(甘草) and Zizyphus jujuba Mill(大棗). Especially, Ui(尤怡) emphasized Cinnamomum louerii Nees(桂技) as the medication to treat the pathogenic factor of kidney.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2008

A total of 29 Botrytis were isolated from ginseng gray mold at 8 locations in Korea from June to July, 2004 and 2005. The causative agent of them was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on morphological characteristics of conidia and RPB2 gene sequence analysis. In inoculation experiments with sclerotia, one isolate was pathogenic to ginseng plant whereas two isolates were non-pathogenic. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the sclerotia of pathogenic isolate has rough surface and that of non-pathogenic isolate very smooth surface. Optimum temperature and culture conditions for sclerotia production were $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ and darkness, respectively. The number of sclerotia was increased tenfold on media added with 0.5% old stem fragment of ginseng.