• Title/Summary/Keyword: pathogenic

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Control and Prevention Strategies of Avian Influenza (조류독감 방제전략)

  • 송창선;권지선;이현정;이중복;박승용;최인수;이윤정;김재홍;모인필
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.129-136
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    • 2004
  • Avian influenza viruses infect humans, horses, swine, other mammals, and a wide variety of domesticated and wild birds. Modem poultry industries worldwide are at risk of infection with avian influenza. Low pathogenic avian influenza can easily change to highly pathogenic form especially when introduced into areas of high density commercial poultry. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza are becoming progressively more expensive to control according to the growth of the poultry industry worldwide. Future strategies for avian influenza control and prevention should involve a combination of early detection and characterization of virus using advanced molecular biologic techniques, quarantine, selective depopulation and vaccination of flocks.

A literatual studies on the pruritic dematoses. (皮膚?痒症에 관한 文獻的 考察)

  • Lee, Jung-yong;Roh, Sek-seon
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.219-239
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    • 1998
  • In the literatual studies on the pruritic dermatoses, the results were as follows. 1. In Oriental medicine, Pruritic dermatoses is belong to the cartegory of the 'Pung- soyang(風瘙痒)', 'Pungyang(風痒)', 'Yangpung(痒風)', 'Sinyang(身痒)' etc. 2. Pruritic dermatoses is occurring idiopathically without primary lesion, marked by intense itching. 3. The pathogenic factors of Pruritic dermatoses is divided two parts. One is exo- genous pathogenic factors which including the wind-cold and wind-heat The other is endogenous pathogenic factors which including the blood-deficiency, the blood-heat, the wetness-heat of liver & gallbladder, the spleen-asthenia and impairment of the liver & kidney etc. 4. In the prescription of Pruritic dermatoses, it was used Gyejimahwanggakbantang(桂枝麻黃各半湯) in exogenous pathogenic factors, was used Danggyiyumja(當歸飮子), Sopungsan(消風散), Bangpungtongsungsan(防風通聖散), Yanghyulyunbuyum(養血潤膚飮) etc.

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A Study on the Pathogenic Factors and Treatments of Exogenous Febrile Disease with Time (외감열병(外感熱病)의 원인(原因)과 치법(治法)에 대한 통시적(通時的) 고찰(考察))

  • Yang, Kwang-Yeol
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.295-302
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    • 2008
  • Until the middle of the 20th century, exogenous febrile disease was the most common disease that threatened the human health. For a long time, oriental medicine doctors developed many ways to cure this disease by studying pathogenic factors. The phthogenic factors and treatments of exogenous febrile disease with time are as followings. "Naegyeong(內經)" : Cold pathogen. Diaphoretic therapy, purgation therapy. Hwata : Cold pathogen. Diaphoretic therapy, emetic therapy, purgation therapy. Jangjunggyeong(張仲景) : Cold pathogen. Eight principal therapeutic methods except diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties. Yuhagan(劉河間) : Fire pathogen. Diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties. Idongwon(李東垣) : Improper diet and overstrain. Reinforcing therapy. Ouga(吳又可) : Epidemic pathogenic factors. Diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties, Heat-reducing therapy. purgation therapy Seopcheonsa(葉天士) : Warm pathogen. diaphoretic therapy, Heat-reducing therapy, expel Heat therapy, cooling the blood and eliminating stagnation of blood. Oguktong(吳鞠通) : Six pathogenic factors. Eight principal therapeutic methods including diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties.

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Distribution of Pathogenic Vibrios in the Aquatic Environment Adjacent to Coastal Areas of South Korea and Analysis of the Environmental Factors Affecting Their Occurrence (2016년도 국내 해양환경내 병원성 비브리오균의 분포 및 해양환경인자간의 상관성 분석)

  • Jeong, Young-Il;Myung, Go-Eun;Choi, Eun-Jin;Soh, Sang-Moon;Park, Gi-Jun;Son, Tae-Jong
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.133-142
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: The pathogenic Vibrios genus denotes halophilic bacteria that are distributed in aquatic environments, including both sea and freshwater. Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are the most important species since they can be potent human pathogens and leading causes of septicemia, wound infections, and seafood borne gastroenteritis. The recent emergence of a potential pandemic clone, V. cholera serotype O1 and the cholera outbreak in South Korea in 2016 indicates the importance of consistent surveillance of pathogenic Vibrio genus within coastal areas. Methods: The present study was undertaken to determine where and how vibrios live in the aquatic environment adjacent to coastal areas of South Korea. For this survey, a total of 838 samples were obtained at 35 different sites in South Korean coastal areas during the period from January 2016 to December 2016. Pathogenic vibrios was determined using the real-time PCR method, and its clones were isolated using three selective plating media. We also monitored changes in seawater and atmospheric temperature, salinity, turbidity, and hydrogen ion concentration at the collection points. Results: The total isolation rates of V. vulnificus, V. cholera (non-pathogenic, non-O1, non-O139 serogroups), and V. parahaemolyticus from seawater specimens in 2016 were 14.2, 13.48, and 67.06%, respectively. Conclusions: The isolation rates of pathogenic vibrios genus showed a positive correlation with temperature of seawater and atmosphere but were negatively correlated with salinity and turbidity.

Seed Transmission of Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata causing Leaf Blight of Job's tears (율무에 잎마름 증상을 일으키는 Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis 및 Curvularis lunata의 종자전염)

  • Kim, Ji-Soo;Lee, Du-Hyung
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 1998
  • Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata were leaf blight fungi detected from 45 seed samples of Job's tears and B. coicis was the predominant species in seed samples followed by C. lunata, B. cynodontis and B. maydis. When the seed components were plated on test tube agar, B. coicis and C. lunata were highly detected from invelucre, glume, endosperm and stamen, but not detected from plumule. Seed infection with B. coicis casued seed rot, coleoptile blight and seedling blight of Job's tears. Conidial characteristics of leaf blight fungi were as follows; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~5 distoseptate, and 16.8-48$\times$7.2-16.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~8 distoseptate, and 16.8-72$\times$9.6-19.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$; B. maydis was fusiform, brown, distintly curved, 0~10 distoseptate, and 28.8-110.4$\times$12-21.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. C. Lunata was fusiform, brown, typically curved, 0~3 distoseptate, and 7.2-24$\times$4.8-12 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. B. coicis was highly pathogenic to Job's tears and corn, weakly pathogenic to rice, but not pathogenic to wheat and barley. c. lunata was highly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 2), corn, wheat and barley, weakly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 1), but not pathogenic to rice. All treatments were effective to inhibition of leaf blight fungi when carboram, benoram, fludioxonil, prochloraz, thioram, and tap water treated to infected seeds.

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Antimicrobial resistance and transfer of R plasmid of pathogenic Eseherichia coli isolated from poultry in Korea (가금 유래 병원성 대장균의 항균제 내성 및 R plasmid 전달 양상)

  • Sung, Myung-Suk;Kim, Jin-Hyun;Cho, Jae-Keun;Seol, Sung-Yong;Kim, Ki-Seuk
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.275-285
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    • 2008
  • Antimicrobial drugs are widely used in poultry industry as growth promoters or to control infectious diseases. However, this practice is reported to have caused high resistance to antimicrobial drugs in normal chicken flora and pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance to Escherichia coli (E. coli) from chicken has been mainly reported in normal flora, but rare in pathogenic organism in Korea, recently. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate prevalence of antimicrobials resistance, transfer of R plasmid, and association between antimicrobial drug resistance and O serotype of 203 pathogenic E. coli from poultry in Korea during the period from April 2003 to December 2005. These isolates showed a high resistance to tetracycline (Tc, 93.6%), nalidixic acid (Na, 92.6%), streptomycin (Sm, 81.8%), ampicillin (Ap, 77.3%), ciprofloxacin (Ci, 70.9%), sulfisoxazole (Su, 66.5%), and trimethoprim (Tp, 58.1%). Two hundred-one (99.0%) of the isolates were resistant to one or more drugs. They showed 57 different resistant patterns, and the most prevalent resistant pattern among them was Tc, Sin, Su, Ap, Tp, Ci, Na. Sixty-eight (33.8%) of the isolates transferred all or a part of their antimicrobial resistant pattern to the recipient strain by R plasmid. The most common antimicrobial resistant pattern was Tc, Sm, Su, Ap, Tp, Ci, Na in serotype O78, O88 and O15, respectively. These results exhibit high individual and multiple resistance to antimicrobials of pathogenic E. coli from poultry in Korea. They also suggest the needs for surveillance to monitor antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria that can be potentially transmitted to humans from food animals and to regulate the abuse of antimicrobials on food-producing animals in Korea.

Comparison of Antibacterial Activities of Green Tea Extracts and Preservatives to the Pathogenic Bacteria (녹차추출물과 보존료의 식중독세균에 대한 항균활성 비교)

  • 박찬성;차문석
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.36-44
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    • 2000
  • Survival of pathogenic bacteris(S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli and S. typhimurium) in tryptic soy broth containing green tea water extract(GTW), green tea ethanol extract(GTE), potassium sorbate (PS) and sodium benzoate(SB) stored at various pH was evaluated. Tryptic soy broth(TSB) containing 0∼2%(w/v) of green tea extracts and preservatives adjusted to pH 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 was inoculated approximately 105 CFU/ml of pathogenic bacteria and incubated at 35$^{\circ}C$ for 24∼48 hours. Survival of bacteria was determined by viable cell counts of bacterial culture at each pH. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) of green tea extracts and preservatives against pathogenic bacteria were derived from survival curves of each bacteria. Antibacterial activities of green tea extracts increased with increasing pH but those of preservatives decreased with increrasing pH. S. aureus was the most sensitive strain to GTW and GTE but the most resistant to PS and SB. The MICs of green tea extracts to S. aureus were 0.52∼0.98% at pH 5.5∼6.0 and non inhibitory at pH 7.0. S. typhimurium was the most resistant to green tea extracts while the most sensitive to SB. The MICs of green tea extracts to S. typhimurium were 0.46∼1.62% at pH 5.5∼6.0 and 2% of PS was bactericidal at pH 5.5. 1.0∼2.0% of GTE were bactericidal to all strains tested except L. m9oncytogenes at pH 7.0. GTE was most efficient at inactivating pathogenic bacteria, generally followed by GTW, PS and SB.

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Relationships of Pathogenic Vibrios and Environmental Factors Affecting their Occurrence in the Seawater of Incheon Coastal Area (인천 연안지역의 해양환경요인과 병원성 비브리오균의 분포와의 관련성)

  • Go, Yeon-Ja;Jang, Jae-Seon
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.414-420
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, turbidity and pH on the growth of pathogenic Vibrios. In this study, we was obtained the samples from 2 different sites of the Incheon coastal area between January 2012 and December 2012. The water temperature in August and September was the high. the Incheon port changes the width of a small, wherease in the case of Hanjin harbor of changes of larger width. Salinity and turbidity showed significant differences, whereas temperature and hydrogen ion concentration was not significant. Pathogenic vibrios was determined using the real-time PCR method. Pathogenic vibrios in the Incheon port and Hanjin harbor were detected in 11 samples (91.67%) and 9 samples (75.0%) of Vibrio cholerae, 7 samples (58.3%) and 6 samples (50.0%) of V. vulnificus, 10 samples (83.3%) and 12 samples (100.0%) of V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Pathogenic Vibrio bacteria were the highest at $26.8^{\circ}C$ of seawater in August. Quantitative results were the following: 102 $cell/m{\ell}$ in Vibrio cholerae, 7.876 $cell/m{\ell}$ in V. vulnificus, and 503.4 $cell/m{\ell}$ in V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. The enumeration of pathogenic vibrios showed a positive correlation with temperature and pH, but was negatively correlated with salinity and turbidity.

Effect of Mixed Oxidants and Sodium Hypochlorite on Pathogenic Microorganisms in Olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Aquaculture on Jeju Island (제주도 양식 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)에서 분리한 병원균 3종에 대한 Mixed Oxidant 및 차아염소산나트륨 살균효과)

  • Park, Cheonman;Kim, Ki-hyuk;Moon, Hye-na;Yeo, In-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.389-396
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    • 2018
  • Marine pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus parauberis, Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio harveyi, can cause lethal infections in farmed fish, ozone and antibiotics, are employed to sterilize waters used for rearing fish to mitigate this threat. The most widely used method is treatment with sodium hypochlorite solution. However, the maintenance of a constant concentration of chlorine in rearing waters can be difficult. We investigated the potential of a mixed oxidant (MO) solution generated by electrolysis of sea water to improve water quality. We measured the survival rates of fish pathogenic bacteria exposed to different concentrations of MO (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 MO) and sodium hypochlorite (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm) for various lengths of time (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min). We found a time-dependent decrease in the survival rates of the tested pathogenic microorganisms. The sterilization effect of the MO solution on pathogenic organisms was greater than that of sodium hypochlorite for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. We conclude that MO solution produced by electrolysis could be used to maintain a constant chlorine concentration in aquaculture systems.