• 제목/요약/키워드: pathogen infection

검색결과 787건 처리시간 0.031초

Molecular detection and genotype analysis of Kudoa septempunctata from food poisoning outbreaks in Korea

  • Gyung-Hye Sung;In-Ji Park;Hee-Soo Koo;Eun-Hee Park;Mi-Ok Lee
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제61권1호
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2023
  • Concerns about foodborne illnesses caused by Kudoa septempunctata are steadily growing, but reports of K. septempunctata in clinical and food specimens related to food poisoning in Korea are limited. This study aimed to genetically identify K. septempunctata in patients with acute diarrhea and in clinical and food samples related to food poisoning caused by sashimi consumption. Both real-time and nested polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to detect K. septempunctata 18S and 28S rDNA genes in the stools of 348 patients with acute diarrhea, 11 samples (6 stool and 5 rectal swab samples) from patients with food poisoning, and 2 raw Paralichthys olivaceus samples collected from a restaurant where a food poisoning incident occurred. K. septempunctata was identified in 5 clinical specimens (4 stools and 1 rectal swab) and 1 P. olivaceus sashimi sample. All detected K. septempunctata were of genotype ST3. This is the first study to identify K. septempunctata in both patients and food samples with epidemiological relevance in Korea, providing evidence that it is a pathogen that causes food poisoning. Also, this is the first study to confirm the presence of K. septempunctata genes in rectal swabs. Despite continuing suspected occurrences of Kudoa foodborne outbreaks, the rate of identification of K. septempunctata is very low. One reason for this is the limitation in obtaining stool and vomit samples for the diagnosis of Kudoa infection. We strongly suggest the inclusion of rectal swabs among the diagnostic specimens for Kudoa food poisoning.

Isolation of feline panleukopenia virus from Yanji of China and molecular epidemiology from 2021 to 2022

  • Haowen Xue;Chunyi Hu;Haoyuan Ma;Yanhao Song;Kunru Zhu;Jingfeng Fu;Biying Mu;Xu Gao
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.29.1-29.12
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    • 2023
  • Background: Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a widespread and highly infectious pathogen in cats with a high mortality rate. Although Yanji has a developed cat breeding industry, the variation of FPV locally is still unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to isolate and investigate the epidemiology of FPV in Yanji between 2021 and 2022. Methods: A strain of FPV was isolated from F81 cells. Cats suspected of FPV infection (n = 80) between 2021 and 2022 from Yanji were enrolled in this study. The capsid protein 2 (VP2) of FPV was amplified. It was cloned into the pMD-19T vector and transformed into a competent Escherichia coli strain. The positive colonies were analyzed via VP2 Sanger sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis based on a VP2 coding sequence was performed to identify the genetic relationships between the strains. Results: An FPV strain named YBYJ-1 was successfully isolated. The virus diameter was approximately 20-24 nm, 50% tissue culture infectious dose = 1 × 10-4.94/mL, which caused cytopathic effect in F81 cells. The epidemiological survey from 2021 to 2022 showed that 27 of the 80 samples were FPV-positive. Additionally, three strains positive for CPV-2c were unexpectedly found. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the 27 FPV strains belonged to the same group, and no mutations were found in the critical amino acids. Conclusions: A local FPV strain named YBYJ-1 was successfully isolated. There was no critical mutation in FPV in Yanji, but some cases with CPV-2c infected cats were identified.

Recent Advances in the Prevention of RSV in Neonates and Young Infants

  • Ki Wook Yun
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2023
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)는 전 세계적으로 영유아에게 질병 부담과 사회적 비용이 매우 높은 병원체이지만 그 백신 개발은 상당히 지연되고 있다. 현재로선 단기-지속형 단클론항체인 palivizumab이 유일한 예방법이다. 그러나 최근 RSV 감염의 병태생리학에 대한 이해, 유전학의 발전, 모체 예방접종의 성공적인 시행 등으로 RSV 예방을 위한 단일클론 항체 및 백신의 개발이 급속히 추진되고 있다. 현재 2개의 장기-지속형 단클론항체 제제(nirsevimab 및 clesrovimab)와 2개의 모체 RSV pre-F 백신이 임상 3상 시험을 진행 중이거나 막 완료하였으며, 지금까지의 결과는 효과와 안전성 측면에서 매우 긍정적이다. 가까운 장래에 장기-지속형 단클론항체와 모체 예방접종을 통해 고위험군은 물론이고 기저질환이 없는 신생아 및 영유아들을 RSV로부터 효과적으로 보호할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. RSV 예방의 새로운 시대에 빠르고 적절히 대비하기 위해서는 이러한 새로운 전략들에 익숙해지고 국내 RSV에 대한 역학 자료들을 계속 수집해 나갈 필요가 있다.

『트로일러스와 크리세이다』 -욕망과 죽음 (Troilus and Criseyde: Desire and Death)

  • 이동춘
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제56권4호
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    • pp.691-717
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    • 2010
  • Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde is a tale of love framed by an overarching pattern of death, set in the war-torn and doomed Troy, from which the lovers cannot separate their fate. Compared with Boccaccio's poem, the attention paid to death in Chaucer's version underlies his complex treatment of love. Above all, the language of death in Chaucer's poem provides the thread from which the entangled web of love is woven. Death together with desire pervades the language and rhetoric of the poem, prominent not only in the courtly love tropes, but also in the characters' asides and speeches. The prominence of these two concepts, desire and death, seem to be central to the various issues that the poem contains explicitly and implicitly. That is, two concepts are the basis for the breadth and depth of Chaucer's examination of love in light of the social and political realities of late fourteenth century England. The language of death in Chaucer's poem reflects the powerful influence on his imagination. With the devastation wrought by the plague and the changing fortunes of England in the war with France, Chaucer's world was once saturated in death, and one that could amply parallel the turn from prosperity to downfall. In particular, Chaucer's poem is suffused with the language of contagion and death in connection with desire. Troilus's lovesickness mimics the progress of a viral infection. Once breached, his body performs its newly compromised identity through fever, loss of appetite, and physical disintegration. On the other hand, Chaucer depicts Boccaccio's conventional portrait of Criseyde into a elaborate paramour of a pathogen. She is characterized as the contaminant that infects male hero. In addition, Criseyde is cast as sole earthly cure of illness that Troilus suffers from. In spite of Criseyde's role as nurturer and healer, Troilus longs for his own death and feels death clutching his heart. Finally, Troilus's love toward Criseyde is doomed to death.

Membrane-Bound Protease FtsH Protects PhoP from the Proteolysis by Cytoplasmic ClpAP Protease in Salmonella Typhimurium

  • Hyungkeun Song;Eunna Choi ;Eun-Jin Lee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제33권9호
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    • pp.1130-1140
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    • 2023
  • Among the AAA+ proteases in bacteria, FtsH is a membrane-bound ATP-dependent metalloprotease, which is known to degrade many membrane proteins as well as some cytoplasmic proteins. In the intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, FtsH is responsible for the proteolysis of several proteins including MgtC virulence factor and MgtA/MgtB Mg2+ transporters, the transcription of which is controlled by the PhoP/PhoQ two-component regulatory system. Given that PhoP response regulator itself is a cytoplasmic protein and also degraded by the cytoplasmic ClpAP protease, it seems unlikely that FtsH affects PhoP protein levels. Here we report an unexpected role of the FtsH protease protecting PhoP proteolysis from cytoplasmic ClpAP protease. In FtsH-depleted condition, PhoP protein levels decrease by ClpAP proteolysis, lowering protein levels of PhoP-controlled genes. This suggests that FtsH is required for normal activation of PhoP transcription factor. FtsH does not degrade PhoP protein but directly binds to PhoP, thus sequestering PhoP from ClpAP-mediated proteolysis. FtsH's protective effect on PhoP can be overcome by providing excess ClpP. Because PhoP is required for Salmonella's survival inside macrophages and mouse virulence, these data implicate that FtsH's sequestration of PhoP from ClpAP-mediated proteolysis is a mechanism ensuring the amount of PhoP protein during Salmonella infection.

Basic concepts, recent advances, and future perspectives in the diagnosis of bovine mastitis

  • Samah Attia Algharib;Ali Sobhy Dawood;Lingli Huang;Aizhen Guo;Gang Zhao;Kaixiang Zhou;Chao Li;Jinhuan Liu;Xin Gao;Wanhe Luo;Shuyu Xie
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.18.1-18.27
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    • 2024
  • Mastitis is one of the most widespread infectious diseases that adversely affects the profitability of the dairy industry worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and identification of pathogens early to cull infected animals and minimize the spread of infection in herds is critical for improving treatment effects and dairy farm welfare. The major pathogens causing mastitis and pathogenesis are assessed first. The most recent and advanced strategies for detecting mastitis, including genomics and proteomics approaches, are then evaluated. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, potential research directions, and future perspectives are reported. This review provides a theoretical basis to help veterinarians select the most sensitive, specific, and cost-effective approach for detecting bovine mastitis early.

Incidence of canine viral diseases and prevalence of virus neutralization antibodies of canine distemper virus, adenovirus type 2, parvovirus, and parainfluenza virus type 5 in Korean dogs

  • Dong-Kun Yang;Ha-Hyun Kim;Hye Jeong Lee;Young-Ju Cheong;Lee-Sang Hyeon;Minuk Kim;Bang-Hun Hyun
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제64권1호
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    • pp.3.1-3.8
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    • 2024
  • Canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine parvovirus (CPV), and canine parainfluenza virus 5 (CPIV-5) are the major viral pathogens in dogs. Despite the availability of vaccines for dogs against these 4 viral pathogens, investigations of antibodies against these pathogens have rarely been reported in South Korea. In this study, we investigated the recent incidence of viral diseases in dogs and conducted sero-surveillance for CDV, CAV-2, CPV, and CPIV-5 in Korean dogs. The most frequently diagnosed canine viral disease in Korean dog samples from 2000 to 2022 was CPV infection, which accounted for 48.7% (464/953) of the cases. A total of 400 dog serum samples collected between 2019 and 2022 were screened for the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies against CDV, CAV-2, CPV, and CPIV-5. The overall seropositivity rates for CDV, CAV-2, CPV, and CPIV-5 were 83.8%, 77.8%, 99.3%, and 82.0%, respectively. The protection rate against CPV was the highest (98.3%) and that against CAV-2 was the lowest (44.8%) in dog sera. Male and female dogs showed no significant differences in seropositivity rates. CDV and CPIV-5 seropositivity increased with age in dogs, and the highest incidence and seropositivity rates of CPV indicated that Korean dogs have been continuously exposed to wild CPV, and that CPV is a pathogen that urgently requires attention among canine viral diseases.

벼 이삭누룩병(病)의 발생(發生) 생태(生態)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Ecological Studies on the Occurrence of Rice False Smut)

  • 인무성;박종성;유승헌
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.242-252
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    • 1985
  • 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 벼 이삭누룩병(病)의 발생생태(發生生態)에 관(關)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻기 위(爲)하여 전투원(專透源)인 균핵(菌核) 및 후막포자(厚膜胞子)의 발아조건(發芽條件)과 병원성(病原性)을 조사(調査)하였으며 발병(發病)에 미치는 재배환경(栽培環境)의 영향(影響)과 수도(水稻) 품종간(品種間)의 발병정도(發病程度)를 조사(調査)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 이병립(罹病粒)에 형성(形成)되는 후막포자괴(厚膜胞子塊)는 밭벼의 것이 논벼의 것보다 크고 수당(穗當) 이병립수(罹病粒數)도 밭벼에서 많았다. 균핵(菌核)의 형성율(形成率)은 밭벼 22.2%, 논벼 3.6 %로서 밭벼에서 현저(顯著)히 높았다. 2. 월동(越冬) 균핵(菌核)의 발아율(發芽率)은 7월초(月初)의 고온(高溫)에서는 81%로 높았고 발아소요일수(發芽所要日數)도 19일(日)로 짧았으며 균핵(菌核)은 지표면(地表面)이나 지하(地下) 1cm깊이에 매몰(埋沒)된 것은 $25^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ 고온(溫度)에서 잘 발아(發芽)하였고 균핵(菌核)은 1/4로 절단(切斷)되어도 발아력(發芽力)이 유지(維持)되었다. 3. 자실체(子實體)는 균핵당(菌核當) 평균(平均) 6개(個)가 형성(形成)되었고 자실체당(子實體當) 자낭각(子囊殼)은 50~140개(個)가 형성(形成)되었다. 4. 후막포자(厚膜胞子)는 형성시기(形成初期)인 황색포가(黃色胞子)가 발아력(發芽力)이 왕성(旺盛)하였고 성숙(成熟)해 갈수록 발아율(發芽率)이 저하(低下)되었다. 5. 후막포자(厚膜胞子)는 자낭포자(子囊胞子)는 수잉기(穗孕期) 주사접종(注射接種)에서 발원성(病原性)을 나타냈으며 후막포자(厚膜胞子)의 유아기(幼芽期) 접종(接種)은 병원성(病原性)이 없었다. 6. 이병주(罹病株)의 수당이병립(穗當罹病粒)의 발생수(發生數)는 1~5립(粒)이 대부분(大部分)이었으며 제일하위(第一下位) 지경절(枝梗節)의 벼알에 많이 발생(發生)되었고 상위절(上位節)로 올라갈수록 적었다. 7. 이삭누룩병(病)은 만생종(晩生種)일수록 발병율(發病率)이 높았으며 일반계(一般系) 중(中)에서는 상풍벼, 삼남(三南)벼, 은하(銀河)벼에서 통일계(統一系) 중(中)에서는 풍산, 서광(曙光), 백양(白羊)벼 등(等)에서 발병(發病)이 많았다. 8. 본병(本病)은 질소시비량(窒素施肥量)이 많으면 많을수록 발병(發病)이 많았으며 이앙(移秧)이 늦어질수록 발병(發病)이 많았다. 9. 이삭누룩병(病)의 이병립(罹病粒)이 증가(增加)할수록 수중(穗重), 등숙율(登熟率), 천립중(千粒重) 등(等)이 떨어지고 쌀의 오염도(汚染度)도 높았다. 경제적(經濟的) 피해(被害) 한계선(限界線)은 이병수율(罹病穗率) 0.8%선(線)이었다.

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객담에서 Carbapenem 내성 Acinetobacter baumannii가 동정된 중환자실 환자의 임상적 특징 (Clinical Characteristics of Intensive Care Unit Patients with Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated from Sputum)

  • 이성원;조희숙;김우진
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제60권2호
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    • pp.228-234
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    • 2006
  • 연구배경 : A. baumannii는 중환자실내의 원내감염의 중요 원인균으로 인식되고 있으며, 원내 폐렴, 요로 감염증, 균혈증 등을 일으킨다. 현재 이 균의 다약제 내성이 문제되고 있으며 특히 carbapenem에 내성을 보이고 있는 것이 가장 큰 문제가 되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 중환자실 환자의 객담에서 배양된 A. baumannii 중 carbapenem 내성군과 감수성군 두 군으로 나누어 위험인자를 알아보고 임상적 특징을 비교 및 분석하는 것이다. 방 법 : 2003년 1월 1일부터 2003년 12월 31일까지 강원대학교 중환자실에 입원한 성인 환자들 중 객담 배양 검사상 A. baumannii가 한 번이라도 검출된 환자들을 대상으로 챠트 기록을 통한 후향적 분석을 하였다. 위험인자로 연령, 성별, APACHE II score, 동반질환, 사용한 항생제, 재원기간, 중환자실 재원기간, Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score, 인공호흡기 여부를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 총 49명으로 A. baumannii에 대한 carbapenem 감수성군은 23명 내성군은 26명이었다. 단일변량분석에서는 신장 질환, 이전의 aminoglycoside 및 carbapenem 사용력이 통계적인 의미를 보였고 다변량분석에서는 이전의 aminoglycoside 사용력은 carbapenem 내성과 음의 상관관계를(p=0.026; OR, 0.18; CI, 0.04 to 0.82), 이전의 carbapenem 사용력은 carbapenem 내성과 양의 상관관계를(p=0.024; OR, 8.17; CI 1.32 to 50.68) 보여주었다. 사망률에서는 양 군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(30 vs 42%, P=0.39). 결 론 : Carbapenem 내성 A. baumannii의 발생의 위험인자로 이전의 aminoglycoside와 carbapenem 사용력이 있으며 carbapenem 사용 시 A. baumannii의 carbapenem 내성정도가 증가함을 볼 수 있다.

리포다당질 (lipopolysaccharide)에 의한 기관지 점액 생성 기전에서 호중구와 상피세포 성장인자 수용체 (epidermal growth factor receptor)의 역할 (The Role of Neutrophils and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mucus Hypersecretion)

  • 박상면;박수연;허규영;이승헌;김제형;이상엽;신철;심재정;인광호;강경호;유세화
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제54권1호
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    • pp.80-90
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    • 2003
  • 배경 : 본 연구에서는 세균성 리포다당질(lipopolysac-charide, LPS)로 인한 호중구성 염증이 EGFR 시스템을 통해서 배상 세포의 이형성 및 점액의 과다 분비를 유발할 것이라는 가설 하에, LPS와 MMPs 억제제(matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, MMPI)를 투여한 후 EGFR 및 MMP-9의 발현을 연구하고자 하였다. 방법 : Pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley 를, 다양한 농도의 LPS를 투여한 군과 투여하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 기도의 조직학적인 변화를 날짜 별로 관찰하였고, MMPI(CMT-3)를 LPS 투여 3일 전부터 매일 구강을 통해 섭식시켰다. 호중구의 침윤은 다섯 개의 고배율 시야에서 관찰된 호중구의 수로 정량화하여 비교하였고, mucus glycoconjugate에 대한 AB/PAS 염색 및 MUC5AC, EGFR, MMP-9에 대한 면역조직화학 염색 (immunohistochemical stain)을 시행하였다 결과 : LPS를 투여한 경우 기도 상피의 AB/PAS 및 MUC5AC의 염색 정도는 시간 및 용량 의존적으로 증가하였고, MMPI를 치료할 경우에 LPS로 인한 배상세포의 과형성이 유의하게 감소하였다. LPS를 주입할 경우 호중구의 침윤이 증가하였고 기도 상피에서 EGFR의 발현을 증가시켰다. MMPI로 치료할 경우 LPS로 인한 호중구의 침윤 및 EGFR의 발현 그리고 배상세포의 과형성이 현저하게 감소되었다. 결론 : Matrix metalloproteinase는 호중구성 염증 및 EGFR에 의해 발생하는 LPS에 의한 배상 세포의 과형성 및 점액 과다분비의 기전에 있어서 밀접하게 관련되고, 따라서 점액 과다분비를 특징으로 하는 세균 감염으로 인한 기도 질환의 치료에 있어서 MMPI가 잠재적인 임상적 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.