• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on paternity leave and family health over the last 10 years. Methods: Nine studies that met the criteria were selected from sixty-four studies. General characteristics, study design, and major findings about paternity leave were analyzed using an established analysis framework. Results: From the integrative review, paternity leave was found to affect the health of fathers, mothers, and children, as well as family health and gender equality. The father's paternity leave resulted in an increase in mothers' breast feeding rate, a decrease in maternal depression, a reduction in parenting stress, a reduction in all-cause mortality of men, feelings of instinctive paternal love, increased parenting, skills, and positive parent-child relationships. It was interpreted that paternity leave had a positive effect on the mental and physical health of individual members of the family. Conclusion: This study provides the basic data on the health effects of father's parental leave on the family system in a holistic view. In addition, this study proposes the direction of paternity leave and family health research and policy needs.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.531-546
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• 2005

This study is to examine current child care support policies and their limitations and to make some suggestions by means of statistics and previous literature. Major findings are as follows: First, As the women have younger children, the effect is more negative. Second, a maternity leave of Korea is 90 days, which is below ILO standard. Moreover, it is not well supported by the companies they work for. Third, the increasing number of men has spent a paternity leave since the pertinent law was enforced in 2001. The rate of spending the leave, however, is not as high as expected, because it has not yet been decided whether the leave would be paid or not. Lastly, the number of the employer-supporting child care center is rather few due to the legal standard of the facility and the expense that a company should cover. Only 46.5% of the companies that has been appointed to obligatorily establish the center now operate the facility. Therefore, child care support policies should be reformed or improved to help reduce married women's child care burden obviously hindering women from being employed, and this will consequently promote their economic activities. It is also urgently required to expand the application of the parental leave in terms of both object and scope. It is important that employers and employees get ready to compromise each other on the wage issue during the leave. In addition, the flexibility in period and form of the parental leave and the connection of working places with local community for better child care service must be taken into consideration.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.48-54
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• 2017

Public holidays are periods set aside by nations or states to observe particular events like national days, independence anniversary or religious festivals. These days are different from the usual periods of statutory leave or vacation provided for workers in the collective agreement or rule of engagement at the point of entry. These periods of leave enjoyed by workers include annual vacation, casual leave, sick leave, maternity leave, paternity leave and others as may be recognized within an establishment. Individual worker's period of leave is personal and at the discretion of the worker or the organization as the case may be, but public holidays involve the stoppage of work by the entire workforce within the period it would last. Nigeria observes many public holidays some of which, at times, are unplanned for by the people. This has attracted arguments for and against on the basis that these holidays are too many and detrimental to productivity and the national economy. Using secondary data, this paper examines the issue and opines that there is the need to review these public holidays with a view to halting their negative effects on the nation's economy. Also, measures to manage these holidays in line with constitutional provisions are espoused.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2015

Purpose: We conducted a descriptive study to: 1) understand how husbands are aware of the importance of Sanhujoiri(i.e, Korean traditional postpartum care) and 2) identify their needs to learn how to take care of postpartum women and newborns and to strengthen family bonding. Methods: The subjects consisted of 123 husbands who had children under the age of 5 years. Data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: The mean age of subjects was $37.1{\pm}4.63$ years. The mean scores of awareness, needs for education on postpartum mother and newborn care, and family strength were $4.57{\pm}1.18$, $4.61{\pm}1.18$, $4.92{\pm}1.07$, and $4.01{\pm}0.95$, respectively, indicating higher scores. There were statistically significant differences in awareness (F=5.08, p<.05), newborn care (F=3.70, p<.05), and family strength (F=4.64, p<.05) by husband's role in Sanhujori There was a positive correlation among study variables. Conclusion: This study shows that even though husbands want to participate in Sanhujori, they do not have enough information on Sanhujori and mother/newborn care and adequate paternity leave. Realistic paternity leave system and effective Couple Centered Childbearing (from pregnancy to postpartum) Education Program CCCEP development are required to help husbands' participation in mother/newborn care with confidence and competence in home based Sanhujori.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.223-249
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to classify OECD countries in regard to levels of supporting fathers' care work. Several meaningful conclusions were reached. First, examining the level of supporting fathers' care work and the strength of the traditional bread-winner model, OECD countries can be classified into 5 different clusters. The result is different from the mainstream typology of welfare states and suggests the new typology of welfare states. Second, the level of supporting fathers' care work and the strength of the traditional bread-winner model were found to be related to total fertility rates and women's labor market participation rates. Third, in regard to the level of supporting fathers' care work, Korea was the lowest among OECD countries. This result points to one of the important reasons to the low level of total fertility rat, and low rate of women's labor market participation in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was performed for the effective management of nursing organization as surveyed choice motives and job satisfaction about nurses who changed to public hospitals. Methods: This study is a descriptive study. This study surveyed 214 nurses who changed jobs to public hospital in six Gyeonggi-do hospitals from October 23 to November 20, 2015. The collected data were analyzed for descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, sheffe test, multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: Most of the nurses chose public hospitals due to benefits correspond to public officials. They had worked in general hospitals located on provinces and changed jobs due to a heavy workload and low benefits. Of the participants 84.1% were satisfied with changing jobs to public hospitals and the advantages of public hospitals of their choice were job stability and good employee benefits(guaranteed maternity and paternity leave, etc). On the other hand there were complaints about low salaries compared to the workload after changing jobs to public hospitals. Conclusion: Hospitals need to enhance job stability and provide nurses with good employee benefits to reduce turnover rate.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.35-54
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• 2020

This study examined whether family-friendly policies at work moderate the association between fathers' gender role attitudes and their affectionate parenting behaviors. The data was derived from the Panel Study of Korean Children. The samples included 1,164 fathers who participated in the seventh and eighth panel studies. To analyze the data, Pearson's correlations, multi-regression, and simple slope analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS Macro. The key findings of the study were as follows: Among family-friendly policies, the paternity leave and a flexible work system moderated the association between gender role attitudes and affectionate parenting behavior. Such family-friendly policies strengthened fathers' affectionate parenting, and gender role attitudes tended to be egalitarian in this case. The results of the present study showed that fathers' affectionate parenting behavior reflected their egalitarian gender role attitudes and particularly emphasized the importance of the role of family-friendly policies in providing fathers with autonomous time use.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how female labor force participation, family policies, and gender equality are related to fertility rate across countries. Multiple measures has been collected from various data sources(such as OECD, UNDP, and WVS) and the panel data set which includes (mostly) OECD countries range from 1990 to 2019 are analyzed. The major findings are as follows. First, based on OECD countries samples, female labor force participation is positively associated with the fertility rate, which implies that women's labor force participation does not lead to a reduction in fertility rate. Second, the length of paternity leave is positively associated with fertility rate whereas the direction is the opposite for the relationship between the length of maternity leave and fertility rate. This is attributed to the possibility that a longer period of maternity leave incurs the a higher opportunity cost of earning income, which leads to a reduced fertility rate. Third, countries with higher gender inequality index tend to have a higher fertility rate. Similarly, countries with higher gender equality value have a lower fertility rate. When the gender equality value is devideed into three sub-categories, education, politics, and employment, the gender equality value in education is the only sub-category which is negatively associated with the fertility rate. This study confirms that female labor force participation may not be a contributing factor in the lowering of fertility rate but instead can be positively associated with the fertility rate. Also, the results show that family policies or gender equality values can be significantly affect fertility rate.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2015

Purpose: Job satisfaction, spouse support, parenting stress, and the factors that influence parenting stress in female fire fighters with preschool-aged children were examined. Methods: Data were collected from 180 female fire fighters who worked at the fire station from June to July 2013 and had preschool-aged children. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0. Results: Average job satisfaction was 2.81, spouse support was 3.54, and parenting stress was 3.61. Parenting stress was negatively correlated with spouse support and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction and spouse support were positively correlated. Factors influencing parenting stress included employment period (${\beta}$=0.093, p <.05), a husband who is not a fire fighter (${\beta}$=-8.971, p <.05), having three children (${\beta}$=27.395, p <.05), delegating childcare to relatives (${\beta}$=9.605, p <.05), income (${\beta}$=-0.920, p <.05), and spouse support (${\beta}$=-0.589, p <.05). Conclusion: To reduce parenting stress and increase job satisfaction, female fire fighters with preschool-aged children should be assigned to stable administrative work instead of stressful on-site work. Husbands who are fire fighters should take advantage of paternity leave, implemented by the Ministry of Public Safety and Security, to increase their active participation in parenting.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify difficulties that working mothers face and solutions to the identified problems. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional, descriptive survey. A survey with 8 items rated on a 5-point scale (1~5) and 5 open-ended questions was administered to 48 married nurses and nurse aides working in 5 nursing units of a teaching hospital in South Korea in April 2013. Results: The score of satisfaction with childrearing patterns (mean=$3.31{\pm}0.79$) was higher than that of satisfaction with spousal support (mean=$3.08{\pm}0.85$). The score of working mother's turnover intention (mean=$2.40{\pm}1.03$) was lowest among the 8 items, but partners did not want their wives to quit work (mean=$3.60{\pm}1.22$). Satisfaction with company employment benefits for childrearing (mean=$2.90{\pm}0.72$) had the lowest score among the 4 satisfaction types analyzed. The turnover intention and satisfactions with childrearing (r=-.51, p<.001), spousal support (r=-.43, p=.002), supervisor's support (r=-.36, p=.013), and company benefits (r=-.37, p=.009) showed significant negative correlations. Conclusion: According to these results, familial support for childrearing is highly correlated with employed mothers' turnover intention. So improvement of familial support for childrearing will reduce married nurses' turnover intention. In addition, well-organized nursery facilities are recommended for enabling working mothers to continue their careers. Furthermore, more family-friendly welfare policies such as a flextime systems or compulsory paternity leave should be reinforced in the workplace.