• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.75-83
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the variables that influence paternal parenting behavior. 160 fathers of five-year old preschoolers(85 boys and 75 girls) were recruited from 8 daycare centers located in Seoul, Korea and answered the questionnaire on the subject of attachment experience with their parents of origin based on their retrospective memories, marital satisfaction, spouse's gatekeeping, and their own parenting behavior as fathers cohabiting with their children. Data were analyzed through frequencies, an independent sample t-test, Pearson's correlations, the stepwise regression analyses using SPSS 15.0. The findings are as follows. First, there was no statistically significant difference in paternal parenting behavior according to children's gender. Second, marital satisfaction and attachment experience with their own mothers in childhood influenced all five subcategories of paternal parenting behavior(parental involvement, limit setting, responsiveness, reasoning guidance, intimacy) and spouse's gatekeeping influenced father's reasoning guidance and intimacy. Unexpectedly, attachment experience with their own father had no impact on any subcategories of paternal parenting behavior.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2013

The significance of father's parenting has been considered as a critical factor in facilitating growth and development and in promoting wellbeing of children. Pediatric nursing is a pertinent science to develop parenting roles, because it deals with knowledge and skills on growth and development and health of child. For this paper current studies were reviewed related to consequences to the family, content and factors influencing paternal parenting, and father's reactions to child rearing participation. Perspectives of future studies in pediatric nursing are summarized as follows. First, paternal parenting has to be studied more actively to contribute to family health and to meet the academic responsibility of pediatric nursing. Second, it is necessary to study the consequences to child's health and health behavior of paternal parenting. Also it is necessary to be concerned about fathers' reactions, like stress in parenting behavior, to understand the parenting father himself. Third, an objective measure of caregiving behavior (not self-reporting) is needed to determine whether the father is behaving appropriately. Further, experimental research has to be implemented to develop intervention programs for paternal parenting. It is hoped that the examination of these studies leads to develop of knowledge and practice in paternal parenting.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.57-68
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore whether there are gender differences in the influences of paternal parenting behavior on the relational aggression of adolescents and to examine the mediating effects of internal attribution and normative beliefs about aggressive behaviors. Methods: This study assessed 492 fifth to sixth graders from an elementary school (237 males and 255 females). Results: The results of this study were as follows: First, the effect of paternal affectionate parenting behavior on girls' reactive aggression was partially mediated by internal attribution. Second, the effect of paternal coercive parenting behavior on boys' proactive aggression was completely mediated by normative beliefs about aggressive behavior. Third, girls' proactive aggression was partially mediated by normative beliefs about aggressive behavior. Conclusion: These results suggest the need to further examine relational aggression and to help children gain positive relationships with peers.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.127-142
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of marital conflicts perceived by fathers on preschoolers' behavior problems, and to investigate the mediating effect of paternal child rearing behavior. This study used survey data on 4 year-old infants which was conducted in 2012(5th year) by KICCE. Correlation analysis and structural equation were conducted using SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 for the data analysis, and the results of this study are as follows. First, marital conflicts perceived by fathers and preschoolers behavior problems showed a positive correlation, and they especially showed a greater positive correlation with offensive behavior, anxiety/depression, and other problems. On the other hand, it was identified that paternal child rearing behavior has a negative correlation with marital conflict and preschoolers' behavior problems when paternal child rearing behavior is compassionate and dominant. Secondly, it was identified that warm parenting behavior of fathers mediates the effect of marital conflicts on preschoolers' behavior problems. However, it was verified that the mediating effect of controlling parenting behavior is not significant. On the other hand, it was identified that the mediating effect of warm parenting behavior of fathers has a greater effect on internalized problems than external problems.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.355-373
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to test the mediation effect of marital communication with spouse between maternal gatekeeping and paternal parenting involvement. The participants were 210 fathers and their toddler children. The survey was rated by the fathers. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistic, Pearson's product-moment correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. The mediating effect was tested by Baron & Kenny's(1986) four steps. The results of this study were as follows: First, the maternal gatekeeping had a negative effect on the paternal parenting involvement. Second, the maternal gatekeeping consolidated the paternal permissiveness and non interventional child rearing behavior. The mediating effect of marital communication was significantly complete. The marital communication was key factor can help to increase paternal involvement and lead to paternal positive parenting behavior. The discussion included the suggestion for encouraging the paternal involvement and positive child rearing behavior.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.191-213
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship pattern among paternal parenting behaviors, father involvement, parenting stress, and parenting self- efficacy. The subjects were 299 fathers of 3 to 4 year-old children at 2 child care centers and 11 kindergartens in Seoul and the Gyunggi-do area. Fathers responded to a modified version of Parenting Daily Hassles(Crinc & Greeberg, 1990), a re vised version of Parenting Sense of Competence(Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978), and questionnaires including questions about parenting behaviors(Park, 2000) and father involvement developed by authors. Stepwise regression analyses showed that fathers' cognitive efficacy of parenting and the frequency of play involvement on weekdays significantly explained paternal 'warmth encouragement'. Also, cognitive efficacy and the frequency and time amount of play involvement on weekdays significantly explained paternal 'setting up the limitations'. Meanwhile, fathers' emotional efficacy and the amount of play time involvement on weekdays significantly explained paternal 'over-protection permission'. Finally, the cognitive and emotional efficacy of rearing and parenting stress significantly explained paternal 'rejection non-intervention'.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.401-414
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• 2023

This study examined the sequential mediation effects of academic achievement attribution and career decision-making self-efficacy on the effect of paternal and maternal helicopter parenting on high-school students' career preparation behavior. A total of 285 (119 male and 166 female) Korean high-school students in the second grade participated in the study. Research variables were measured using the Career Preparation Behavior Scale (Kim, 1997), Helicopter Parenting Scale (LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011), Attribution Questionnaire (Weiner, 1979), and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (Betz et al., 1996). To examine the sequential mediating effect, data analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 and PROCESS MACRO (v4.2) Model 6. The results revealed no correlations between helicopter parenting and academic failure attribution. However, higher paternal and maternal helicopter parenting were found to indirectly reduce high-school students' career preparation behavior through lower internal academic success attribution (effort and ability) and higher external academic success attribution (task difficulty and luck), which reduced career decision-making self-efficacy. These findings can be employed to develop more effective intervention programs comprising career guidance for adolescents, which emphasizes the negative effect of helicopter parenting. This study expands the research field, as previous findings on helicopter parenting mostly focus on college students.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-97
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine 1) the relations among parent-reported, teacher-reported, and task-observed effortful control, and 2) the differences of preschoolers' effortful control based on preschoolers' gender and parenting behaviors (affectionate, controlled). In this study, the subjects were 221 preschoolers (104 boys, 117 girls) and their parents. The preschoolers' effortful controls was measured by Effortful Control Battery (Snack Delay, Turtle and Rabbit, and Red-Green Sign) and the Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form. Parenting behavior was measured by the Parenting Style scale. The major results of this study were as follows. First, there were positive correlations between parent-reported effortful control and both teacher-reported and task-observed effortful control. Second, there were significant differences in preschoolers' effortful control by gender and level of affectionate parenting behavior. And there was an interaction effect between gender and level of affectionate parenting behavior on preschoolers' effortful control. The implications of this study were as follows. It is needed to evaluate effortful control in various circumstances and by multiple raters, and affectionate parenting behavior had an important role upon boys' effortful control rather than that of girls.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.617-632
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• 2015

This study examines the effects of paternal parenting behaviors, child-rearing involvement, and father-child communication perceived by children on their leadership. A total of 197 children selected from three elementary schools and their fathers participated in this study. Data were collected using a parenting behavior index, a child-rearing involvement inventory, a father-child communication inventory, and a children's leadership index and statistically analyzed using the t-test, a one-way ANOVA ($Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test), and a multiple regression analysis. The results show significant differences in children's leadership according to the father's education level, family income, the father's warmth/acceptance, the father's family activity involvement, and open/problematic communication between the father and the child. The child's age, the father's education level, family income, the father's warmth/acceptance, open communication, and problematic communication were significant predictors of the child's leadership. These results suggest that a child's leadership may be strengthened if the father is warmer and more accepting and has open communication with the child.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2004

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of paternal and maternal grandmothers' social support, and to investigate the relationship between paternal and maternal grandmothers' social support and their school-aged grandchildren's psychological adaptation. The participants of this study were 215 students in the 5th and 6th grades and their mothers residing in Daegu. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, ANOV A, Scheffe's test, and hierarchical multiple regression. Findings of this study are as follows: 1. School-aged children perceived that their maternal grandmothers rendered more emotional and informational support than their paternal grandmothers. 2. Paternal grandmother's social support as perceived by the grandchild varied significantly with the frequency of face-to-face contact, the frequency of phone contact, and the friendship between the paternal grandmother and the mother. Maternal grandmother's social support as perceived by the grandchild, on the other hand, varied significantly by the level of grandmother's education, the frequency of face-to-face contact, and the frequency of phone contact. 3. Perceived paternal and maternal grandmothers' social support had indirect impacts on grandchildren's depression, which was mediated by their mothers' parenting.