• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.39-48
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of paternal marital satisfaction and caregiving behavior on children's paternal representations. 112 preschoolers(67 boys and 45 girls, aged 4-5) and their fathers participated in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling analysis. The results were as follows: firstly, paternal marital satisfaction had a direct effect on caregiving behaviors. Secondly, paternal caregiving behavior did not have a direct effect on children's paternal representations. Thirdly, paternal marital satisfaction had a direct effect on children's paternal representations. Fourthly, paternal caregiving behavior did not have a mediatory effect between paternal marital satisfaction and children's paternal representations. In conclusion, paternal marital satisfaction has influenced on caregiving behavior and children's paternal representations.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine group differences in paternal behaviors (i.e., paternal connection, paternal punitiveness, and paternal knowledge) within and across three academic achievement levels-low, moderate, and high, and to explore the effects of paternal behaviors on the academic motivation of Chinese adolescents within these three achievement groups. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) indicated that adolescents with low achievement perceived their fathers as more punitive than teens with moderate and high academic achievement. Regression analyses also revealed that paternal punitiveness (negative) and paternal knowledge (positive) were significant predictors of academic motivation for teens with low levels of academic achievement; while paternal punitiveness was a significant negative predictor of academic motivation among adolescents with moderate achievement. In contrast, for adolescents with high achievement, paternal connection was a positive significant predictor of academic motivation. The present findings provide some evidence that the impact of parental behaviors on teen's motivation varies across adolescent academic achievement levels, which may prove useful for professionals working with fathers to help target the most effective parenting behaviors to foster academic motivation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.215-226
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data needed to examine the relationship between father and son by investigating correlations among male college students' perceptions of the degree of closeness to their fathers their fathers' paternal role and their own paternal role in the future. The subjects of this study were 474 male college students(sophomores juniors and seniors) from Seoul and Daegu. The questionaire the means of this research is composed of classified questions on related studies and on the researches of reference literatures, Statistical methods applied for data analysis were frequencies mean standard deviation Pearson's correlation. Major findings are as follows; 1) When a son perceives that he is on intimate terms with his father he perceives that his father performs paternal role well. Intimate relation between the father and the son can be considered essential to good performance of paternal role. 2)When a son perceives that he is on intimate terms w th his father he believes that he will perform his own paternal role will in the future. That is the son seems to accept his future paternal role positively as he feels close to his father. 3) Male college students who perceive their fathers' paternal role is properly performed tend to believe they will perform their own paternal role well in the future. Judging from the relation between fathers' performance of paternal role and sons' perception of thir future paternal role we can say good performance of paternal role is important is building up sons' affirmative perception of paternal role.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2005

This study was conducted to find out the paternal attachment to neonate, and to identify factors affecting paternal attachment. The purpose was to make the base data for nursing intervention to improve paternal attachment. The subjects of this study were 93 fathers whose partners have delivered normal neonate in 1 hospital in Busan. Data were collected from Sep. 1th to Oct. 31th 2005 by a self-report questionnaire. The instrument for this study was based on 7 kinds of characteristics of paternal attachment by Greenberg & Morris(1974), and modified by researchers. The statistical methods for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS program Ver 10. The conclusions are as follows. Fathers had the high degree of paternal attachment to neonate. But, there were not significant correlations between paternal attachment and the father's demographic characteristics, pregnancy plan, delivery pattern, delivery order, sex of neonate and past experience. Also there were not significant correlations between paternal attachment and early visual contact frequency of father-neonate. Further research about factors affecting paternal attachment to neonate and high risk neonate as well as low birth weight neonate is required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2004

Purpose. This study was conducted to compare the paternal rearing behavior and rearing stress level between fathers with a preschooler and fathers with school children so that it can be utilized as a basic source for developing parental rearing education programs. Methods. A descriptive comparative methods was conducted to identify the paternal rearing behavior and paternal rearing stress. Respondents were 361 fathers who had either preschoolers (n=189) or children of elementary age (n=l72). Results. Comparing the two group's means, the rearing activity score and rearing stress there were significant differences. In the school children's group's father, 'outdoor activity' and 'guidance on discipline activity' were significantly higher than the other group. In the preschool children's fathers group, 'play interaction activity' was statistically significant higher than the other, and the child-part mean score of paternal rearing stress was significantly higher than the other group. The correlation between paternal rearing behavior and paternal rearing stress, it can be shown that more paternal rearing behavior means less paternal rearing stress. Conclusion. These results of this study will help design rearing program for fathers that have either preschool children or school children by providing the basic data for paternal rearing behaviors and paternal rearing stress.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.330-340
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find out the degree of paternal attachment to neonate, and to identify factors affecting paternal attachment. The main purpose was to make the base data for nursing intervention to improve parternal attachment. The subjects of this study were 20 fathers whose partners have delivered premature neonate and 30 fathers whose partners have delivered normal neonate in 3 university hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from Feb. 10 to Apr. 10 1994 by self report questionaires. The instrument for this study was based on 7 kinds of characteristics of paternal attachment by Greenberg St Morris(1974), and developed by re-searcher The statistical methods for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, 1-test, ANOVA with S.P.S.S. program. The conclusions are as follows. 1. Fathers had the high degree of paternal attachent to neonate, but were afraid of active touch. 2. The factors that affect paternal attachment were delivery odor, past experience about own father except delivery pattern, pregnancy plan, sex of nonate. 3. There were not significant correlations between paternal attachment and early visual contact frequency of father-neonate. 4. In the degree of paternal attachment, though normal neonate father showed somewhat higher result than premature neonate father, there was not statistically significant difference between two groups(t=-1.83, P=0.076). But in the character of tactail awarness there were significant differences between two groups, hence nursing interventions are needed to help the premature neonate's father bring early tactile con-tact. Pother research about factors affecting paternal attachment to neonate and high risk neonate as well as low birth weight neonate is reguired.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2013

Purpose: In this study effects of a paternal participation program during cesarean section on paternal infant attachment were investigate. The experimental treatment was an integrative nursing intervention to promote father to infant attachment. Methods: Study design was a non-equivalent control group posttest design. The program consisted of emotional support to spouse and father towards infant attachment immediately following cesarean birth. Participants were 66 men, partners of women with normal full term pregnancy having a cesarean section with spinal or epidural anesthesia, (experimental group, 34; control group, 32). The experiment was carried out from August 1 to October 30, 2010. Control group data were obtained from May 1 to June 30, 2012. Posttest was performed 72 hours after cesarean birth. A self-report questionnaire including a paternal attachment instrument was used. Data were analyzed using t-test, propensity score matching, and analysis of covariance with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: Total score for paternal infant attachment in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p<.001). After matching, significant differences were found between the two groups through all subcategories. Adjusted mean score for paternal infant attachment verified experimental effects. Conclusion: Results indicate that this paternal participation program during cesarean section is effective in improving paternal infant attachment.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.205-215
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• 2009

Purpose: This study aims to provide foundational data for preparing for educational programs on the role of a father that are designed to help primiparous spouses carry out the paternal role successfully. Methods: This study was conducted in two OB/GYN clinics and a study sample of 277 primiparous spouses who satisfied the selection criteria was selected. Results: Of the correlation among the childhood experiences, paternal attachment and role of a father of the subjects, the childhood experiences had a positive correlation with the paternal-infant attachment and the role of a father. The paternal-infant attachment and the role of a father also had a positive correlation. Conclusion: An infant is influenced primarily by his or her parents, who will have immense influences on the child's growth and development. Since the paternal-infant attachment is closely related to the role of a father, the development of positive paternal-infant attachment must be preceded in order for a primiparous spouse to carry out the role of a father successfully. Therefore, the development of nursing intervention programs is needed to foster the proper understanding of the role of a father, accommodate the practical needs of primiparous spouses and nurture the paternal-infant attachment for the promotion of realistic, successful role of a father.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parent's conflict, paternal/ maternal grandmother's psychological support and school-aged children's well-being. The subjects were 227 6th grade school-aged children in elementary school who were 128(56.4%) boys and 99(43.6%) girls. Instruments used in this research were CDI(Children's Depression Inventory), CPIC(The children's perception of interparental conflict scale), and psychological support scale. The data were analyzed by simple regression, standard multiple regression and hierarchical multiple regression(using SPSS 12.1). Major findings were as follows: (1) There was no difference in maternal grandmother's psychological support and paternal grandmother's psychological support. (2) Maternal grandmother's psychological support was more important variable affecting school-aged children's well-being than paternal grandmother's psychological support. (3) Paternal/maternal grandmother's psychological support operated as a main effect with school-aged children's well-being increasing as paternal/maternal grandmother's psychological support increased. There were not interaction effects of parent's conflict and paternal/maternal grandmother's psychological support on school-aged children's well-being. That result showed that paternal/maternal grandmother's psychological support did not moderate negative effects of parent's conflict on school-aged children's well-being.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 1993

We investigated the effects of maternal and paternal parentage, and ovule position in a pod on seed development, weight, and progeny performance, using an annual crop commonly called cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Nine maternal parents were randomly selected, and 3 individuals were chosen as paternal parents based on the male fitness components. Five types of hand-pollination were attempted on each flower of the maternal plants to evaluate the influence of paternal identify. Independent variables such as parentage and ovule position affected the pattern of seed development. Ovules in the middle position of the pod exhibited a much higher probability of seed maturation than those at the stylar and basal positions, confirming the position effect. These independent variables also appeared to exert a significant effect on seed weight, although it was not possible to evaluate the relative importance of those variables due to a significant interaction between parents. Mixed pollination tended to yield heavier seeds than other paternal parents. Ovules in the middle and basal end positions produced heavier seeds than those at the stylar end regardless of maternal and paternal parentage. Seed weight was independent of all measurements of progeny performance. At week 2 after germination significant paternal effects were found to be mediated through the ovule position in a pod. In particular, the progeny derived from self-pollination performed worse than the progeny from other paternal parentage. The progeny performance at week 4 after germination was affected by maternal parents independently of seed weight. These results show that paternal and maternal effects were quite consistent from the seed development to early growth of the progeny. Consequently, maternal and paternal effects on seed development and weight, and progeny performance may reflect, at least to some extent, genetic contribution of both parents. If so, it is possible for sexual selection on maternal and paternal function to generate the evolution of reproductive traits related to seed production.