• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.197-200
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• 2001

Agrobacterium tumefaciens MP90 harboring PAT (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase) and NPTII-GUS gene were used for the genetic transformation of lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.). Shoot regeneration from cotyledon explants were obtained from the MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg.L$^{-1}$ NAA, 1.0 mg.L$^{-1}$ 2ip, 50 mg.L$^{-1}$ kanamycin and 500 mg.L$^{-1}$ carbenicillin after cocultivation with A. tumefaciens for 2 days. Kanamycin resistance test of transgenic plants indicated that the NPTII gene was integrated into the lettuce genome and was stably expressed. PCR and northern blot analysis indicated that bialaphos resistance gene (PAT) was stably integrated into the lettuce genome. The transgenic plant sprayed with Basta (1500x) remained healthy with continuous growth, while the control group exhibited fatality.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.2357-2364
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• 2008

In this paper, we consider the problem of exploiting a taxonomy of propositionalized attributes in order to generate compact and robust classifiers. We introduce Propositionalized Attribute Taxonomy guided Naive Bayes Learner (PAT-NBL), an inductive learning algorithm that exploits a taxonomy of propositionalized attributes as prior knowledge to generate compact and accurate classifiers. PAT-NBL uses top-down and bottom-up search to find a locally optimal cut that corresponds to the instance space from propositionalized attribute taxonomy and data. Our experimental results on University of California-Irvine (UCI) repository data set, show that the proposed algorithm can generate a classifier that is sometimes comparably compact and accurate to those produced by standard Naive Bayes learners.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 1999

In this study, three simple methods were established to confirm the transgenic potato plants. The leaf disc was used in the first method. After leaf discs of transgenic and non-transgenic potato were transfered into the liquid MS medium with bialaphos 5mg/l, 25 days, the chlorosis occurred in the non-transgenic leaf discs while it could not find in the transgenic leaf discs, In the second method, shoot tips of potato were transferred into MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l bialaphos and 0.6% agar. After 7-10 days, a lot of roots developed from the transgenic shoot tip, but the non-transgenic shoot tip was dead. The third method was using chlorophyll contents. Leaf discs were transferred into the liquid MS medium with bialaphos 0.5 mg/l. After 15 days, the content of chlorophyll A in transgenic plant was at least 2.5 times higher than in non-transgenic plant. In addition, the PAT enzyme activity were detected in the transgenic potato, but not detected in normal potato.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2009-2018
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• 2018

Leuconostoc mesenteroides can be used to produce mannitol by fermentation, but the mannitol productivity is not high. Therefore, in this study we modified the chromosome of Leuconostoc mesenteroides by genetic methods to obtain high-yield strains for mannitol production. In this study, gene knock-out strains and gene knock-in strains were constructed by a two-step homologous recombination method. The mannitol productivity of the pat gene (which encodes phosphate acetyltransferase) deletion strain (${\Delta}pat::amy$), the fk gene (which encodes fructokinase) deletion strain (${\Delta}fk::amy$) and the stpk gene (which encodes serine-threonine protein kinase) deletion strain (${\Delta}stpk::amy$) were all increased compared to the wild type, and the productivity of mannitol for each strain was 84.8%, 83.5% and 84.1%, respectively. The mannitol productivity of the mdh gene (which encodes mannitol dehydrogenase) knock-in strains (${\Delta}pat::mdh$, ${\Delta}fk::mdh$ and ${\Delta}stpk::mdh$) was increased to a higher level than that of the single-gene deletion strains, and the productivity of mannitol for each was 96.5%, 88% and 93.2%, respectively. The multi-mutant strain ${\Delta}dts{\Delta}ldh{\Delta}pat::mdh{\Delta}stpk::mdh{\Delta}fk::mdh$ had mannitol productivity of 97.3%. This work shows that multi-gene knock-out and gene knock-in strains have the greatest impact on mannitol production, with mannitol productivity of 97.3% and an increase of 24.7% over wild type. This study used the methods of gene knock-out and gene knock-in to genetically modify the chromosome of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. It is of great significance that we increased the ability of Leuconostoc mesenteroides to produce mannitol and revealed its broad development prospects.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2022

In the field of patents, as NLP(Natural Language Processing) is a challenging task due to the linguistic specificity of patent literature, there is an urgent need to research a language model optimized for Korean patent literature. Recently, in the field of NLP, there have been continuous attempts to establish a pre-trained language model for specific domains to improve performance in various tasks of related fields. Among them, ELECTRA is a pre-trained language model by Google using a new method called RTD(Replaced Token Detection), after BERT, for increasing training efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to propose KorPatELECTRA pre-trained on a large amount of Korean patent literature data. In addition, optimal pre-training was conducted by preprocessing the training corpus according to the characteristics of the patent literature and applying patent vocabulary and tokenizer. In order to confirm the performance, KorPatELECTRA was tested for NER(Named Entity Recognition), MRC(Machine Reading Comprehension), and patent classification tasks using actual patent data, and the most excellent performance was verified in all the three tasks compared to comparative general-purpose language models.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to produce herbicide resistant potatoes hawing only chimeric phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) genes without using antibiotic selectable marker. The pDY502 vector having only PAT gene was reconstructed for transformation of potato. The reconstructed vector was introduced to Agrobacterium tumefaciens MP90 disarmed, and they were used for potato transformation. Hormonal requirement for plant regeneration from leaves and stem explants of potato was investigated. From this experiment, MS medium treated with IBA 0.1 mg/L + BA 0.5 mg/L was the best for potato regeneration, and the ratio of shoot regeneration was 54% for leaf and 46% for stem in that condition. For transformation, explants of potato leaves and stems were cocultured with A. tumefaciens MP90 containing reconstructed vector harvoring only PAT gene. When the potato explants were placed on various concentrations of bialaphos and all the potato explants were dead on medium with over 5.0mg/L bialaphos. By this selection methods, the explants cocultured with Agrobacterium produced the putative transgenic shoots on medium with 5mg/L bialaphos treatment after 3-4 weeks. Second selection was performed by transferring the shoot tips of putative transgenic to medium containing 20mg/L of bialaphos. The shoot tips grew well on the second selection medium, indicating the production of successful transgenic plants. But normal shoots were dead in same cytotoxic medium. Incorporation of the PAT gene into transgenic potatos were confirmed by PCR analysis of DNA and Southern hybridization. These results show that the PAT gene can serve as a selectable marker and herbicide resistant genes for transformation of potato.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.270-278
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a performance appraisal tool (PAT) for postoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses. Methods: This study was a descriptive, non-experimental methodological study. The PAT was developed through a literature review and tests for validity and reliability. Results: Subsequent to a review of the literature on nursing performance of PACU nurse, a 63 item questionnaire was developed. Through factor analysis, 61 items in 3 domains with 8 factors were derived. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the final instrument was .99. Conclusion: This tool is an efficient PAT for PACU providing meaningful feedback for professional growth in PACU nurses.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.2349-2351
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• 2010

Photo Acoustic Tomography (PAT) is a hybrid imaging modality which combines high contrast of optical imaging and spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging, thus it is suitable to image biological tissue noninvasively. Laser-induced photoacoustic signals were measured from a sample by means of an unfocused ultrasound transducer, then PAT image was reconstructed based on a universal back-projection algorithm. To evaluate the feasibility of our system, phantom test was performed, consequently, the PAT images obtained using our system showed highly analogous shape and volume with those of the phantom. This result demonstrated that our system can provide a powerful tool for imaging the substructure of biological tissue in non-invasive manner.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.879-884
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• 2012

Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) is a promising medical imaging modality by reason of its particularity. It combines optical imaging contrast of optical imaging with the spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging and can demonstrate change of biological feature in an image. For that reason, many studies are in progress to apply this technic for diagnosis. But, real-time PAT system is necessary to confirm a biological reaction induced by external stimulation immediately. Thus, we developed a real-time PAT system using linear array transducer and self-developed Data acquisition board (DAQ) resources, To evaluate the feasibility and performance of our proposed system, two type of phantom test were also performed. As a result of those experiments, the proposed system shows enough performance and confirm its usefulness.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.345-351
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop a model system using selection method for disease resistant plant breeding programs using a herbicide bialaphos-resistant patII gene as a gene-based marker. Spraying bialaphos could eliminate the susceptible plants from the segregating populations such as ${F_2}^{\prime}s$ and thereafter. Tomato cv. Momotaro-yoke was transformed with patII gene 60 independent transformants were acquired. Total 42 transformants were analyzed in transgene copy numbers by Southern blotting and the segregation ratios for the bialaphos resistance. Statistical analysis revealed that the transgene copy numbers and the segregation ratios were not always coincided, especially having the tendency of underestimating the real numbers of the transgenes in the multicopy lines. A two-stepwise screening method was applied to select $T_1$ tomato plants which linked the transgenic patII to a disease resistance gene (I2 and Ve). Based on the resistant to susceptible ratios, T-20 plant was finally selected due to the estimated linkage 12-13 cM between the patII gene to the I2 gene on chromosome 11. This newly developed system could be applied to any economical crop in breeding programs.