• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2011

This article deals with an economic evalutation of the 'Pasture Project of Kum River', which is the farming plan of mitten crabs in a stream of it. An augmented model of social capital is based on the past ecological-economic system dynamics model and elaborated further with suggestions of social capital literature. During the modeling process a chain diagram of causal relations and its relevant mathematical equations are presented for simulating the project performance, and the simulation results are provided to contrast the dynamic behaviors of the former ecological-economic model with ones of the new model incorporating social capital. The results indicate that an increase in the economic benefit of the project could happen in case of considering the process of social capital accumulation around the case area, which can be regarded as a remarkable trial to approve the common confidence in the role of social capital to enhance an economic achievement.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.263-269
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• 1979

Pasture establishment techniques successfully employed in the alpine region of Korea are outlined. The subsequent management of the mixed grass/legume pasture to maintain a high producing sward is also described. Relevant overseas literature has been reviewed and related to the methods in use at the ROK/NZ Beef Farming Research and Demonstration Project in the alpine region of Kangweon-do.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.34-35
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• 1978

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-57
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• 2010

This article deals with an ecological-economic analysis of the 'Pasture Project of Kum River', which is the farming plan of mitten crabs using Jichun, a stream of the River Kum where the natural propagation of mitten crabs are blocked because of the estuary dam constructed in 1990. Toward analyzing the ecological and economic effects of the crab releasing and harvesting activities in Jichun, a two-stage cohort model of population dynamics with cannibalistic behaviors and density restrictions in biomathematics is adopted, despite of the current infertility in Kum, considering the opportunity of establishing dam fishways in the near future. This study moreover presents a method of parameter estimation especially with assuming a steady state of the ecosystem, and performs various analyses such as the risk measurement of climate change and the economic value of such fishways.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2017

There have been several complications and problems about marine ranching policy. Regional conflicts have occurred in the process of selecting land for the pasture. And conflict occurred in post-management process. The causes of these conflicts were pointed out to lack of social science research and alternatives. The government-led initiative model, which ignores participation in each sector, has been pointed out as a problem. In order to increase the effectiveness of the marine ranching project, the following points should be considered. First, at the stage of establishing the ocean ranch business plan, social science approach should be considered together with natural science approach. Second, a governance system should be established to enhance the effectiveness of the marine ranch project. The governance system refers to a consultative body in which the central government and local governments, autonomous steering committees, research institutes, local civil society organizations, and participating companies participate. We can improve the efficiency of business by establishing and promoting direction, operation policy, and action plan of sea pasture business centering on governance system. Third, it is necessary to change the management system from the existing administration-led business model to the cooperative governance system - based model. The effectiveness of the marine ranching project can be improved through the governance system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1995

This paper describes small ruminant production systems in dry areas of Pakistan. Formal and informal surveys had identified that poor feed resources, as a result of harsh climatic conditions, is a major factor responsible for low sheep and goats production. In view of their recommendations, use of approaches like supplemental feeding and pasture production through an introduction of improved forage species in the country, are reviewed. The improvement in sheep production and associated socioeconomic benefits, are discussed.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2004

The GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management System, version 3.0) water quality model was used to predict hydrology and water quality and to evaluate the effects of soil types from a cattle-grazed pasture field of Bermuda-Rye grass rotation with poultry litter application as a fertilizer in North Alabama. The model was applied and evaluated by using four years (1999-2002) of field-measured data to compare the simulated results for the 2.71- ha Summerford watershed. $R^2$ values between observed and simulated runoff, sediment yields, TN, and TP were 0.91, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.69, respectively. EI (Efficiency Index) of these parameters were 0.86, 0.67, 0.70, and 0.48, respectively. The statistical parameters indicated that GLEAMS provided a reasonable estimation of the runoff, sediment yield, and nutrient losses at the studied watershed. The soil infiltration rates were compared with the rainfall events. Only high intensity rainfall events generated runoff from the watershed. The measured and predicted infiltration rates were higher during dry soil conditions than wet soil conditions. The ratio of runoff to precipitation was ranging from 2.2% to 8.8% with average of 4.3%. This shows that the project site had high infiltration and evapotranspiration which generated the low runoff. The ratio of runoff to precipitation according to soil types by the GLEAMS model appeared that Sa (Sequatchie fine sandy loam) soil type was higher and Wc (Waynesboro fine sandy loam, severely eroded rolling phase) soil type relatively lower than the weighted average of the soil types in the watershed. The model under-predicted runoff, sediment yields, TN, and TP in Wb (Waynesboro fine sandy loam, eroded undulating phase) and Wc soil types. General tendency of the predicted data was similar for all soil types. The model predicted the highest runoff in Sa soil type by 105% of the weighted average and the lowest runoff in Wc soil type by 87% of the weighted average

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1996

Effects on feed intake, liveweight gain and economic benefits of supplementing lambs with urea molasses blocks, were studied. Forty eight crossbred lambs were divided into 6 groups and assigned randomly to grazing on native pasture (CONT) or along with supplements of Commercial ration (COM) and urea molasses blocks (UMBs) containing two levels of cement and calcium oxide as a binding agent. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p<0.01) differences in dry matter (DMI, g/day), crude protein (CPI, g/day) and metabolizable energy (MEI, MJ/day) intakes. Differences in liveweight gain (LWG, g/day), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and net economic benefit of supplementation were also highly variable. The intake of DM, CP and ME varied from 974 to 1002, 66-70 and 7.6-8.4 in lambs supplemented with UMBs, significantly (p<0.01) greater than 848, 52.5 and 5.6 in lambs supplemented with COM or FCR and net economic benefits (54.3; 57.8; 17.1 and 1.96; 2.4) in lambs supplemented with COM and UMB-2, were CONT or supplemented with UMB-1, UMB-3 and UMB-4 respectively. Factors responsible for differences in feed intake, liveweight gain and economic benefits, are discussed.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.278-289
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• 2007

본 연구는 한라산국립공원내 1100도로와 5 16도로변의 식물상 및 식생을 조사하여 귀화식물의 분포특성을 분석하였다. 한라산국립공원내 도로변에 분포하는 관속식물은 62과 145속 총 197분류군이었으며, 이중 귀화식물은 11과 29속 37분류군인 것으로 나타났다. 도로변 식생구조는 1100도로변인 경우 큰김의털-오리새 군집으로 대부분 이루어졌으며, 이 군집은 붉은토끼풀-창질경이 아군집과 제주조릿대-풀고사리 아군집으로 구분되었다. 5 16 도로변인 경우 큰김의털-오리새 군집과 주름조개풀-양지꽃 군집 및 돼지풀-고마리 군집으로 구분되었다. 이들 지역에 분포하는 귀화식물은 1년생 식물이 전체 51.4%를 차지하였으며, 유럽원산이 70.3%로 가장 높은 구성율을 보였다. 도입배경은 사료 또는 곡물에 혼입되거나 목초용으로 유입된 경우가 각각 35.1%, 21.6%로 나타나 다른 도입경로보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 한라산국립공원내 도로변에는 귀화식물인 큰김의털-오리새 군집이 대부분의 도로변에서 형성되어 있고 다양한 귀화식물이 분포하고 있었는데, 이는 도로 개설이나 확장, 정비 등에 따른 훼손지역 녹화용으로 큰김의털과 오리새 등이 주로 사용되었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.100-111
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• 1983

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 강원도(江原道) 새마을 '소' 임간공동방목사업(林間共同放牧事業)의 일환(一環)으로 81년도(年度)에 개설(開設)된 105개(個)의 공동방목장(共同放牧場)과 '82년도(年度)에 개설(開設)된 103개(個)의 공동방목장(共同放牧場)의 경영실태와 분석(分析)된 문제점(問題點) 그리고 개선방안(改善方案)에 관한 연구결과(硏究結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공동방목(共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 효과 1) 방목기간중(放牧期間中) 1 일(日) 평균(平均) 증체량은 0.46kg으로서 농가(農家) 관행사육(慣行飼育)의 0.33kg보다 높았다. 2) '82년도(年度) 208개(個) 공동방목장(共同放牧場)의 방목기간(放牧期間)(5-10 월(月))중(中) 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 효과를 경제분석하면, 관행사육(慣行飼育)보다 293,075.,300원의 증체효과, 543,838,750원의 인건비(人件費) 절감효과 및 194,443,270원의 사료비(飼料費) 절감효과를 얻어 약(約) 1,031,357,320원의 소득효과를 가져왔다. 3) 208개(個) 공동방목장(共同放牧場)의 설문(設問) 조사(調査) 결과(結果), 농가(農家) 관행(慣行) 사육(飼育)보다 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 순위별(順位別) 효과에 대해서 농민들은 첫째 노동력(勞動力) 절감(節減). 둘째 사료비(飼料費) 절감(節減), 셋째 질병(疾病) 넷째 다두사육(多頭飼育) 가능(可能), 다섯째 협동심고취(協同心鼓吹), 여섯째 증체 효과, 일곱째 사양관리(飼養管理) 용역(容易), 여덟째 시설비(施設費) 절감(節減)을 들고 있다. 2. 공동방목(共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 문제점(問題點) 1) 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 2년차(年次)부터는 야생초(野生草)의 재생력(再生力)이 현저하게 저하(低下)되어 풀의 부족 현상이 일어난다. 2) 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 적지(適地)가 국유지(國有地)에 많으나 산림청(山林廳)의 이용(利用) 허가(許可)가 나지 않아 이용이 불가능하다. 3) 방목(放牧)으로 인(因)하여 발정(發精)한 암소를 발견하기 어려워서 수정시기(授精時期)를 놓치는 경우가 많다. 4) 각(各) 방목우(放牧牛)에 대한 방역(防疫) 및 진료(診療)의문제점이 많다. 3. 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 개선책(改善策) 1) 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 2년차(年次)부터는 겉뿌림초지(草地)나 제경초지(蹄耕草地)를 조성(造成)하여 충분한 조사료(粗飼料)를 확보(確保)시킬 것. 2) 정부(政府)는 강원도(江原道) 내(內) 모든 국유지(國有地)의 방목(放牧) 적지(適地)는 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場)으로 이용하여 우육(牛肉) 증산(增産), 독우(犢牛) 생산(生産) 지대(地帶)로 활용(活用)되도록 조치(措置)할 것. 3) 여지(與地)의 방목장(放牧場)에는 우수(優秀) 종빈우(種牝牛)를 혼목(混牧)시켜 번식성적(繁殖成績)을 올리도록 한 것. 그리고 발정(發情) 촉진(促進) 홀몬 주사(注射)로 동시(同時) 발정(發情)을 유도(誘導)해서 일괄 수정(授精)시킬 것. 4) 방목장(放牧場)에 토양병(土壤病)인 기종저의 예방(豫防) 주사(注射), 간질충에 대한 구충제의 년간(年間) 2회(回) 투여, 진드기 방제(防除)를 위하여 약욕(藥浴)을 시킬 것. 4. 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 육성(育成)을 위한 정책방향(政策方向) 1) 정부(政府)는 전국(全國)의 임야(林野)를 대상(對象)으로 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 적지(適地)를 조사(調査)할 것. 2) 정부(政府)는 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場) 적지(適地)로 판단되는 지역은 국공유림(國公有林)이나 법적(法的) 제한(制限) 지역(地域)도 목장(牧場) 개설(開設)이 가능하도록 조치할 것. 3) 정부(政府)는 여지(餘地)에 있는 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 적지(適地)에는 도로(道路) 개설(開設)과 전기목붕(電氣牧棚) 시설(施設)을 정부(政府) 자금(資金)으로 지원할 것. 4) 새마을 운동(運動)의 방향(方向)을 축산소득증대(畜産所得增大)에 두고 강원도(江原道)의 특성(特性)에 맞게 계속 임간공동방목(林間共同放牧) 사업(事業)이 추진(推進)될 수 있도록 정책적(政策的)인 배려가 필요하다. 5) 정부(政府)는 공동방목장(共同放牧場) 경영에 있어서 번식(繁殖) 성적(成績) 향상(向上)을 위한 인공수정상말비점(人工受精上末備点)을 보완(補完)해 줄 것. 6) 정부(政府)는 소 값의 적정(適定) 가격(價格) 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하기 위한 가격(價格) 정책(政策)을 실시(實施)할 것. 7) 정부(政府)는 임간공동방목장(林間共同放牧場)에서 초지조성(草地造成)의 신청(申請)이 있을 때는 우선적으로 허가(許可)해 줄 것.