• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2000

Three dimensional flow fields around passenger car body was computed by PAM-FLOW, well-known and validated computer program for thermal and fluid analysis. Regarding the computational method, a Navier-Stokes solver based on finite element method with various turbulent models and adaptive grid technique (H-refinement)was adopted. The results were physically reasonable and compared with experimental data, giving good agreement. It was found that three dimensional flow simulation with H-refinement technique had potential for prediction of low fie이 around vehicle and the ability to predict vortex in the wake, which is vital for CFD to be used for automobile aerodynamic calculation.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1995

This paper presents performance investigation of a continuously variable ER(Electro-Rheological) damper for passenger vehicles. A dynamic model of the damper is formulated by incorporating electric field-dependent Bingham properties of the ER fluid. The Bingham properties are experimentally obtained through Couette type electroviscous measurement with respect to two different particle concentrations. The governing equation of the hydraulic model treating three components of fluid resistances;electrode duct flow, check valve flow and piston gap flow, is achieved via the bond graph method. A prototype ER damper is then designed and manufactured on the basis of parameter analysis. The damping forces of the system are experimentally evaluated by changing the intensity of the electric field, the particle concentration and the electrode gap.

• 한국기계기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2011

For the purpose of the enhancement of the air conditioner performance and fuel effciency, several cases of centrifugal impeller for passenger car air conditioner have been numerically analyzed by changing central angle of blades and length of outlet for shape optimization of the impeller. Commercial CFD program Fluent 6.3.26 has been used to compute velocity, temperature, pressure and turbulence intensity that can lead numerous results. The central angles of two blades and three cases of outlet length led 4~12% and 3.5~6.4% differences of velocity and flow rate, respectively. The velocity distribution near the blade surface was axisymmetric and had a maximum value of 22.19 m/s and velocity of the vertical direction of the impeller showed linear increase with horizontal direction. At case 3 of oultet length, there existed a a minimum pressure value of -133320 Pa.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2008

2003년 대구지하철 중앙역에서 화재사고로 인한 화재 유동 및 승객 피난시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 화재의 발화 지점은 지하 3층의 객차 내이며, 지하 3층 및 2층의 화재 유동이 FLUENT 6.2를 이용하여 수행되었다. 객차 내 및 역사 내의 CO (이산화탄소) 및 온도의 분포가 분석되었으며, 이의 data가 피난 시뮬례이션 data로 사용되었다. 해석된 온도장중 가장 높은 온도는 1500k 이다. 승객 피난 시뮬레이션을 인하여 EXODUS가 사용되었으며, 객차 내에 640명, 역사 내에 360명의 승객이 분포하고 있는 것으로 가정하고 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 층 135명이 사망하고, 평균 피난 시간은 10분 19초로 계산되었으며, 피난 경로들이 분석이 되었다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.158-172
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• 2017

본 연구는 동적 시각화 방법을 토대로 서울 대도시권 지하철 통행흐름의 요일 간 변동성을 분석한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 수도권의 1주일치 교통카드 자료에서 요일별로 1분 간격으로 지하철 승객흐름을 추출한다. 지하철망상의 통행흐름의 시공간적 분포를 나타낼 수 있도록 동적 시각화 방법을 고안하여 지하철 승객의 시공간적 분포에 나타나는 요일 간 변동성을 직관적으로 분석한다. 그 결과로 주중과 주말 지하철 승객흐름의 시공간적 분포 패턴은 확연한 차이를 보인다. 주중과 주말에도 요일에 따라 다소 다른 양상을 보인다. 서울의 주요 중심업무지역들과 유흥지역들의 승객흐름에도 요일별 승객흐름 양상에 뚜렷한 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 분석결과는 도시계획과 교통계획의 토대가 될 뿐 만 아니라 도시 재해 재난이 발생할 경우 피해에 노출되는 인구규모를 파악하고 신속한 대피대책마련에 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있다.

• 오토저널
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1990

A wind tunnel experiment for the flow around a 1/5 scale passenger vehicle model has been carried out. A 5-hole Pitot tube is used for measuring velocity distributions around the model and a scanivalve with 48 ports is used for measuring surface pressure distribution at various Reynolds numbers. In order to observe the flow on the surface and in the wake region, a flow visualization experiment has been performed using wool tuft with and without paper cones. In addition, a 2-dimensional viscous calculation considering only the mid-plane section of the model has been performed. A complex wake structure in the immediate rear of the model has been confirmed. The distributions of the surface pressure coefficient are not sensitively dependent on the Reynolds Number. In the first half of the model, they do not seem to vary form section to section. However, in the second half, they do vary from section to section, especially at the bottom surface, which indicates that the cross flow vortex is more affected by the bottom surface than the top surface. The qualitative agreement of the measured and calculated velocity field also explains the usefulness of the 2-dimensional calculation in the limited sense.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2020

Currently, subway crowding is estimated by observing a specific point at specific hours once or twice every 1 or 2 years. Given the extensive subway network in Seoul Metropolitan Area covering 588 stations, 11 lines and 80 transfer stations as of 2017, implementing crowding mitigation policy may have its limitations due to data uncertainty. A proposal has recently been made to effectively use smart card data, which generates big data on the overall subway traffic related to an estimated 8 million passengers per day. To mitigate subway crowding, this study proposes two viable options based on data related to smart card used in Seoul Metropolitan Area. One is to create a subway passenger pattern model to accurately estimate subway crowding, while the other is to prove effectiveness of early bird policy to distribute subway demand that is concentrated at certain stations and certain time. A subway passenger pattern model was created to estimate the passenger routes based on subway terminal ID at the entrance and exit and data by hours. To that end, we propose assigning passengers at the routes similar to the shortest routes based on an assumption that passengers choose the fastest routes. In the model, passenger flow is simulated every minute, and subway crowding level by station and line at every hour is analyzed while station usage pattern is identified by depending on passenger paths. For early bird policy, highly crowded stations will be categorized based on congestion level extracted from subway passenger pattern model and viability of a policy which transfers certain traveling demands to early commuting hours in those stations will be reviewed. In particular, review will be conducted on the impact of policy implemented at certain stations on other stations and lines from subway network as a whole. Lastly, we proposed that smart card based subway passenger pattern model established through this study used in decision making process to ensure effective implementation of public transport policy.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.589-594
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• 1998

Heat and fluid flow in the motor block room of a motorized car is numerically simulated. The motorized car, composed of a motor block room and a passenger room, supplies additional Power to achieve the design speed. A motor block, a transformer, and a fan are equipped in the motor block room. Flow phenomena in the ducts on the motor block and power transformer are investigated. Also, the three dimensional heat and fluid flow in the motor block room is simulated to give a qualitative information of the flow characteristics.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.17-20
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• 2006

Passenger safety is fundamental factor in automobile. Among much equipment for passenger safety, the air bag system is the most fundamental and effective device. Beside of the front air bag system which installed on most of all automobiles, a curtain-type air bag is increasingly adapted in deluxe cars fur protecting passengers from the danger of side clash. Curtain type airbag system consists of inflator housing, fill hose, curtain airbag. Inflator housing is a main part of the curtain-type air bag system for supplying high-pressure gases to deploy the air bag-curtain. Fill hose is a passageway to carry the gases from inflator housing to each part of curtain airbag. Therefore, it is very important to design the vent holes of fill hose for good performance of airbag deployment. But, the flow information from vent holes of fill hose is very limited. In this study, we measured instantaneous velocity fields of a high-speed flow ejecting from the vent holes of fill hose using a dynamic PIV system. From the velocity Held data measured at a high frame-rate, we evaluated the variation of the mass flow rate with time. From the instantaneous velocity fields of flow ejecting from the vent holes in the initial stage, we can see a flow pattern of wavy motion and fluctuation. The flow ejecting from the vent holes was found to have very high velocity fluctuations and the maximum velocity was about 480m/s at 4-vent hole region. From the mass flow rate with time, the accumulated flow of 4-vent hole has occupied about 70% of total flow rate.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2857-2861
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• 2007

Flow and aerodynamic characteristics were analyzed numerically for a commercial passenger airplane, Boeing 747-400, flying in the cruising condition. The model geometry with 100:1 in scale was obtained by the photo scanning measurement with the maximum error of 1.4% comparing with the real airplane dimension. The three-dimensional inviscid steady compressible governing equations were solved by the finite volume method in the unstructured grid system. The convective terms were treated by the Crank-Nicholson and first-order upwind schemes. In the computational results, the strong wing-tip vortices were clearly observed and the pressure contours on the airplane surface were suggested. The lift and drag forces in the wing with engines increase by 1.49% and 3.9%, respectively compared with the case without engines. The aerodynamic forces were estimated quantitatively for each element which consists of the airplane.