• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1139-1142
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• 2003

Human parvovirus(HPV) B19 infection causes erythema infectiosum in children, sometimes red cell aplastic crisis with hemolytic anemia and chronic bone marrow failure in immunocompromised hosts. HPV B19 is directly cytotoxic for erythroid progenitor cells and inhibits erythropoiesis. Infrequently, HPV B19 inhibits hematopoiesis of three cell lineages and causes transient pancytopenia in patients with hemolytic disorders. We report three patients with hereditary spherocytosis who developed transient aplastic crisis. A HPV B19 infection was confirmed by IgM anti-B19 parvovirus titers and characteristic findings of bone marrow examination as the causative agent associated with severe pancytopenia. Three patients recovered spontaneously after a short period of supportive care with red cell transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulin.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2020

Purpose: Human parvovirus B19 infection is widespread and has a heterogeneous clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic infection to potentially life-threatening complications. We investigated the various clinical features of human parvovirus B19 infection during an outbreak of the virus in our community. Methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted at the Pusan National University Children's Hospital from December 2017 to April 2019. We investigated the clinical features of children with parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin M or parvovirus B19 DNA detected using polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 24 children were diagnosed with parvovirus B19 infection. Twelve (50%) had lace form rashes, and four (16.7%) had petechial rashes. Two (8.3%) were diagnosed with fever without a focus. Six (25%) developed aplastic crisis as a complication of infection, of whom three were previously diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis and three with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Conclusions: In addition to erythema infectiosum, the parvovirus B19 infection can present clinically with various types of rashes and fever without a focus. Furthermore, hematologic manifestations such as neutropenia and aplastic crisis can occur during infection.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.390-397
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• 2018

For the specific detection of human Parvovirus B19 (HuPaV-B19), we designed ten specific PCR primers from 3,800~4,500 nucleotides of HuPaV-B19 complete genome (NC_000883.2). Seventeen candidate PCR primer sets for specific detecting HuPaV-B19 were constructed. In specific reaction of HuPaV-B19, seventeen PCR primer sets showed specific band, however five PCR primer sets were selected basis of band intensity, amplicon size and location. In non-specific reaction with seven reference viruses, four PCR primer sets showed non-specific band, however one PCR primer set is not. Detection sensitivity of final selective PCR primer set was $100fg/{\mu}L$ for 112 minute, and PCR amplicon is 539 base pairs (bp). In addition, nested PCR primer set was developed, for detection HuPaV-B19 from a low concentration of contaminated samples. Selection of nested PCR primer set was basis of sensitivity and groundwater sample tests. Detection sensitivity of final selective PCR and nested PCR primer sets for the detection of HuPaV-B19 were $100fg/{\mu}L$ and $100ag/{\mu}L$ basis of HuPaV-B19 plasmid, it was able to rapid and highly sensitive detection of HuPaV-B19 than previous reports. We expect developed PCR primer set in this study will used for detection of HuPaV-B19 in various samples.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

We describe a multiplex PCR method that can detect and differentiate simultaneously four different kinds of DNA viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and parvovirus B19 (B19). Primers for the multiplex PCR reaction were designed to amplify specific regions of the EBV (pol), CMV (pol), HBV (pol) and B19 (ns) viral genomes and used to simultaneously detect individual viruses. In order to achieve optimal sensitivity and specificity for multiplex PCR, the thermo-cycling parameters, primer sequences, and concentration of each reaction components were optimized systematically. The sensitivity of the detection method ranged between 5 and 10 copies of viral genome with a mixture of multiple primer pairs. Furthermore, this highly sensitive test showed no cross-reactivity among the four viruses. Thus, the results obtained in this study provide evidence that the assay system is a good tool for supporting the diagnosis of viral infection and contamination.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.275-281
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• 2005

Parvovirus B19(PV B19) is a nonenveloped single-stranded DNA virus that causes a wide variety of diseases ranging from benign childhood infection such as slapped-cheek rash(fifth disease) to life threatening diseases such as hydrous fetalis in fetuses or aplastic anemic crises in patients with hemolytic anemia. In immunocompromised hosts including organ transplant recipients, this infection can cause chronic anemia. Recently, the reports of cases of PV B19 infection have been increasing in transplant recipients and most reported cases of PV B19 infection-associated anemia in renal transplant recipients were successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. We experienced two cases of aplastic anemia caused by PV B19 infection in pediatric renal transplant recipients. The patients were an 8 year-old boy and 12-year-old boy who received allograft kidneys from their mothers. Anemia developed 2 weeks after transplantation and their serum was positive for PV B19 PCR. They were treated with 400 mg/kg of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) for 5 consecutive days. In one of the case, anemia was corrected promptly after the first 5-day course of IVIG therapy but in the other, anemia persisted but responded to the second course of IVIG therapy. One year later, the patients have normal hematocrit levels and stable renal function These are the first cases of PV B19 infection treated successfully with IVIG in pediatric renal transplant recipients in Korea. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:275-281)

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.176-179
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• 2015

Rituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody against the B-cell marker CD20, is commonly used as a treatment for antibody-mediated diseases or B-lymphocyte-mediated diseases. Destruction of B cells may reverse the disease course in many conditions; however, patients who are treated with RTX cannot respond appropriately to de novo infection due to lack of B lymphocytes. Here, we report one such case. A 7-year-old renal allograft recipient presented with severe anemia due to parvovirus infection after RTX treatment. The patient had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and had received cadaveric kidney transplantation 6 months previously. She was treated with high-dose steroid for acute rejection and RTX for Epstein Barr Virus infection 3 months previously. At presentation, her hemoglobin level was 5.4 g/dL and leukocyte and platelet counts were normal. She had microcytic normochromic anemia and high viral load of parvovirus B19(70,578 copies/mL). Intravenous immunoglobulin ($200mg/kg{\cdot}d$) treatment controlled the progression of anemia and parvovirus infection. De novo parvovirus infection during the B lymphocyte-depletion period may have precipitated the severe anemia in this case. Close monitoring of infection is required after RTX therapy.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2021

Anemia commonly occurs in kidney transplantation (KT) recipients. Many factors such as viral infection, bleeding, erythropoietin deficiency, and immunosuppressants are the causes of chronic anemia in KT recipients. We report 2 cases who developed severe anemia caused by parvovirus B19 infection and were successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin in pediatric KT recipients.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2023

Rapid immunochromatography test (RICT) kits are commonly used for the diagnosis of canine parvovirus (CPV) because of their rapid turnaround time, simplicity, and ease of use. However, the potential for cross-reactivity and low sensitivity can yield false-positive or false-negative results. There are 4 genotypes of CPV. Therefore, evaluating the performance and reliability of RICT kits for CPV detection is essential to ensure accurate diagnosis for appropriate treatment. In this study, we evaluated the performance of commercial RICT kits in the diagnosis of all CPV genotypes. The cross-reactivity of 6 commercial RICT kits was evaluated using 8 dog-related viruses and 4 bacterial strains. The limit of detection (LOD) was measured for the 4 genotypes of CPV and feline panleukopenia virus. The tested kits showed no cross-reactivity with the 8 dog-related viruses or 4 bacteria. Most RICT kits showed strong positive results for CPV-2 variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c). However, the 2 kits produced negative results for CPV-2 or CPV-2b at a titer of 10⁵ FAID₅₀/mL, which may result in inaccurate diagnoses. Therefore, some kits need to improve their LOD by increasing their binding efficiency to detect all CPV genotypes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.537-547
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• 1994

Ninety seven cases of histopathologically diagnosed spontaneous canine parvovirus enteritis(CPE) were studied gross pathologically, histopathologically, immunohistochemically, to investigate histopathological types of small intestinal lesions, and antigen distributions in each pattern related to the infected age. And also, reliability of histopathological method in diagnosis of CPE was inspected with immunohistochemistry. The results were as follows : 1. Age-related occurring ratio in histopathologically diagnosed CPE was 53.6% in 4-8 weeks, 26.8% in 9-15 weeks, 8.25 in 16-19 weeks and 11.3% in 20-45 weeks of the clog age. 2. In histopathologic classification based on patterns of villi/crypts lesions of small intestine(jejunum), the ratio of A type (initial phase of necrosis of crypt epithelia, desquamated epithelial cells in the dilated lumen of the crypt) was 20.6%; the ratio of B type(middle phase of atrophy and fission of the villi, collapse of the mucosa, loss of normal crypt structure) was 62.9%, and C type(regenerative phase of the crypt architecture) was 16.5%. 3. The ratio of A, B, C type in 4-8 weeks old, respectively, was 23.5%, 61.5%, 15.4%; in 9-15 weeks old was 19.2%, 65.4%, 15.3% in 16-19 weeks old was 25.0%, 75.0%, 0.0%; and in 20-45 weeks old was 9.0%, 54.5%, 36.4%. 4. The antigen distribution in the nuclei of the crypt epithelial cells was higher than of the cytoplasm and numerous desquamated epithelial cells in dialated crypts in A type; The antigen cytoplasm and numerous desquamated epithelial cells in dialated crypts in A type; The antigen distribution in the nuclei of the collapsed crypt epithelial cells was not higher than that of the cytoplasm, crypts were lined by and filled with released viral antigens from the destructed epithelial cells in B type; and its distribution was also higher than in the epithelial cells adjacent to the tips of the villi, but it was not reacted in the regenerative crypt epithelial cells in C type. 5. Immunohistochemically detected antigen ratio in the small intestine of histopathologically diagnosed CPE was 94.6%, and this result indicates that histopathological diagnosis is very reliable method in diagnosis of CPE.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.216-224
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• 2005

Chromatography has now been used successfully to provide the requisite purity for human plasma-derived biop-harmaceuticals such as coagulation factors and immunoglobulins. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on establishing efficient cleaning procedures to prevent potential contamination by microorganisms as well as carry-over contamination from batch to batch. The purpose of present study was to develop a cleaning validation system for the assurance of virus removal and/or inactivation during chromatography process. In order to establish an assay system for the validation of virus clearance during chromatography cleaning process, a quantitative real-time PCR method for porcine parvovirus(PPV) was developed, since PPV, a model virus for human parvovirus B19, has a high resistance to a range of physico-chemical treatment. Specific primers for amplification of PPV DNA was selected, and PPV DNA was quantified by use of SYBR Green I. The sensitivity of the assay was calculated to be 1.5 $TCID_{50}/ml$. The established real-time PCR assay was successfully applied to the validation of PPV removal and cleaning during SP-Sepharose cation chromatography for thrombin purification and Q-Sepharose anion chromatography for factor VIII purification. The comparative results obtained by real-time PCR assay and infectivity titrations suggested that the real-time PCR assay could be a useful method for chromatography cleaning validation and that it could have an additive effect on the interpretation and evaluation of virus clearance during the virus removal process.