• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.157-164
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• 2015

This paper describes subspace clustering of categorical data for convergence and integration. Because categorical data are not designed for dealing only with numerical data, The conventional evaluation measures are more likely to have the limitations due to the absence of ordering and high dimensional data and scarcity of frequency. Hence, conditional entropy measure is proposed to evaluate close approximation of cohesion among attributes within each cluster. We propose a new objective function that is used to reflect the optimistic clustering so that the within-cluster dispersion is minimized and the between-cluster separation is enhanced. We performed experiments on five real-world datasets, comparing the performance of our algorithms with four algorithms, using three evaluation metrics: accuracy, f-measure and adjusted Rand index. According to the experiments, the proposed algorithm outperforms the algorithms that were considered int the evaluation, regarding the considered metrics.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.43-57
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• 2006

The Villa Mairea (1937-39) designed by Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) has been studied by many researchers from various viewpoints. However, few studies have devoted their attention to the major issue raised by Aalto at the Yale University lecture and "Mairea" article in arkitekten in 1939. The issue is to fuse art with life in the living room with mobile partition walls that can function both as art exhibition walls and as art storage cabinets at the same time. Through this device, he maintained, the client can change displayed pictures easily according to the situation and so "painting and everyday life can evolve in a more direct manner." This paper argues that Aalto's concept originated from Japanese 'tokonoma' in Tetsuro Yoshida's Das japanische Wohnhaus (1935), which he referred to during the project. Differently from other Japanese features in the house, this tokonoma idea is more than formal, but more decisive than passing in driving the plan. And, whether coincidently or not, his idea exactly corresponds to Japanese aesthetes' and critics' own interpretation of the tononoma as the symbolic centre of Japanese people's everyday life. More importantly, however, this art display concept discloses secret strata of modern architecture during the time when the petrified rationalism was still at its power Even through the tokonoma motif alone, we see diverse trails in modern architecture: fusion of the East and the West, fusion of the traditional and the modern, to say nothing of fusion of art with life.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

To do fuzzy modelling of a nonlinear process needs to analyze the characteristics of input-output of fuzzy inference systems according to the division of entire input spaces and the fuzzy reasoning methods. For this, fuzzy model is expressed by identifying the structure and parameters of the system by means of input variables, fuzzy partition of input spaces, and consequence polynomial functions. In the premise part of the fuzzy rules Min-Max method using the minimum and maximum values of input data set and C-Means clustering algorithm forming input data into the clusters are used for identification of fuzzy model and membership functions are used as a series of triangular, gaussian-like, trapezoid-type membership functions. In the consequence part of the fuzzy rules fuzzy reasoning is conducted by two types of inferences such as simplified and linear inference. The identification of the consequence parameters, namely polynomial coefficients, of each rule are carried out by the standard least square method. And lastly, using gas furnace process which is widely used in nonlinear process we evaluate the performance and the system characteristics.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

This study is purposed to understand the spacial usage of the furniture in detail for interior architecture. Many documents have prescribed the spacial furniture at random. While modernist have been interested in the spacial usage of the furniture, the importance of the spacial furniture stands out in architectural space. Since long ago, a great deal of effort has been put into creating a relational harmony between the space and furniture. The villa, the weekend home of the Savoye family, was built between 1928 and 1931. Particularly, the villa Savoye was focused for this study. Le Corbusier viewed desks and case pieces for storage as architecture, and the unite furniture and architecture by developing cabinets in standard modules that could be painted either the wall color to become part of the wall or in contrasting colors to stand out as furniture. Spacial furniture was used architecturally in the interior as well, it gives the space an unexpected playfulness with the color of the finishing materials. The various usage of the Spacial furniture constitute an element of great architectural richness. They have a unique principle based on emotional order and make the man move to another space and experience the spacial connection. In particular, the furniture that was considered by Corbuisier have rational function, division of the space, leaning the structure, and so on. The furniture as the element of the space composition can change the architectural space and view as well as connecting each other. Spacial furniture appear as physical ones called wall, floor, column, and existential value as a living space.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.353-361
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• 1977

In this paper we propose a new theory of multilayer physical adsorption based on the view that a second or higher layer molecule will be adsorbed above the center of a square or triangular array of molecules, rather than on top of molecules themselves, in the next lower layer and the corresponding adsorption isotherm is derived. The derived isotherm contains three adjustable parameters; $v_m$ (monolayer capacity), q/$q_1$ (ratio of the molecular partition function for the second or higher layer vs. that for the first layer) and n (a parameter characterizing the piling pattern of adsorbed molecules). When applied to adsorption of argon on "Carbolac" carbon and nitrogen on Linde silica, excellent agreements between observed and calculated values are obtained up to p/$p_0$ = 0.8. In both cases n = 3 gives the best fit and this probably indicates that adsorbed molecules are piled up in a closest packing pattern.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 1993

Blends of elemental Ni and 20 weight % Cr powder were milled for different period in a laboratory attritor. Powder size distribution, microstructure and X-ray diffraction characteristics were investigated as a function of processing period. Saturated magnetization, Ms and coercive force, Hc we also measured and compared with plasma melted ingot to confirm the mechanically alloyed states. Mechanical alloying occurred as a consequence of the partition of powders and the increase of interfacial area driving diffusing of Cr into Ni. However, magnetic properties of chemically homogeneous solid solution like melted ingot has not been observed even though steady state of submicron grain size has been achieved after milling over 15 hrs. Further mechanical alloying period gave refinement of grain size, which resulted in the increase of alloyed layer. It is concluded that homogenization should be controlled by the increase of interfacial area between constitutive powders caused by plastic particle deformation and by the diffusion of Cr within the alloyed phase into Ni-rich phase through lattice defects.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2013

In MMORPGs(Massively Multi-player Online Role-Playing Games) a large number of players actively interact with one another in a virtual world. Therefore MMORGs must be able to quickly process real-time access requests and process requests from numerous gaming users. A key challenge is that the workload of the game server increases as the number of gaming users increases. To address this workload problem, many developers apply with distributed server architectures which use dynamic map partitioning and load balancing according to the server function. Therefore most MMORPG servers partition a virtual world into zones and each zone runs on multiple game servers. These methods cause of players frequently move between game servers, which imposes high overhead for data updates. In this paper, we propose a new architecture that apply with an arithmetic server dedicated to data operation. This architecture enables the existing game servers to process more access and job requests by reducing the load. Through mathematical modeling and experimental results, we show that our scheme yields higher efficiency than the existing ones.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.235-247
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• 2014

Based on two dimensional model partition method proposed in Part 1, Part 2 provides detailed model specification and implementation. To mathematically delineate a model's behaviors and interactions among them, we extend the DEVS (Discrete Event Systems Specification) formalism and newly propose CE-DEVS (Combat Entity-DEVS) for an upper abstraction sub-model of a combat entity model. The proposed CE-DEVS additionally define two sets and one function to reflect essential semantics for the model's behaviors explicitly. These definitions enable us to understand and represent the model's behaviors easily since they eliminate differences of meaning between real-world expressions and model specifications. For model implementation, upper abstraction sub-models are implemented with DEVSim++, while the lower sub-models are realized using the C++ language. With the use of overall modeling techniques proposed in Part 1 and 2, we can conduct constructive simulation and assess factors about combat logics as well as battle field functions of the next-generation combat entity, minimizing additional modeling efforts. From the anti-torpedo warfare experiment, we can gain interesting experimental results regarding engagement situations employing developing weapons and their tactics. Finally, we expect that this work will serve an immediate application for various engagement warfare.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2014

This paper proposes a flexible and highly reusable modeling methodology for a next-generation combat entity which enables joint analysis of performance/engagement effectiveness. According to the scope of the proposed work, the paper is divided into two parts; Part 1 focuses on a conceptual model design, whereas Part 2 proposes detailed model specification and implementation. In Part 1, we, first, classify the combat entity model as combat logic and battlefield function sub-models for joint analysis. Based on the sub-models, we propose two dimensional model partition method, which creates six groups of a single combat entity model by two dimensions: three-activity and two-abstraction. This grouping enables us to reconfigure the combat entity model by sharing the same interface within the group, and the same interface becomes the fundamental basis of the flexible model composition. Furthermore, the proposed method provides a model structure that effectively reflects the real world and maximizes the multi-level reusability of a combat entity model. As a case study, we construct a model design for anti-surface ship warfare. The case study proves enhancement of model reusability in the process of scenario expansion from pattern running to wire guided torpedo operations.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2017

Clustering algorithms attempt to find a partition of a finite set of objects in to a potentially predetermined number of nonempty subsets. Gibbs sampling of a normal mixture of linear mixed regressions with a Dirichlet prior distribution calculates posterior probabilities when the number of clusters was known. Our approach provides simultaneous partitioning and parameter estimation with the computation of classification probabilities. A Monte Carlo study of curve estimation results showed that the model was useful for function estimation. Examples are given to show how these models perform on real data.