• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.116
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• pp.351-370
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• 2010

Whitehead's metaphysics and philosophy of nature rest on his awareness of the metaphysical problem of the relation between "I", the "creative advance" and forces of the universe. Whitehead attempted to systematize human experience of the world based on logical explorations. In this context it is important to note that his discussion of proposition and language is closely connected with his works on a systematic theory of nature. Whitehead proposes a metaphysical concept of proposition also based on the creative advance of the universe. His theory of proposition is designed to show that human language is constructions of the relations between logical and real events in the creative universe which refer to a particular point of view. In this view, a variety of verbal possibilities in the multiple worlds can be realized in the same proposition. For Whitehead the emergence of novelty in the function of proposition is an essential property of the creative universe. This paper will try to give a discussion to Whitehead's theory of proposition with regard to the emergence of nature. Especially I emphasize in this paper Whitehead's idea and meaning of proposition for the development of the creative advance of nature as one aspect of particular importance.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2009

The Galois ring is a finite extension of the ring of integers modulo a prime power. We consider characters on Galois rings. In analogy with finite fields, we investigate complete Gauss sums over Galois rings. In particular, we analyze [1, Proposition 3] and give some lemmas related to [1, Proposition 3].

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-76
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• 2011

We explain some basic elements of Martin-L$\ddot{o}$f's type theory and examine the distinction between propositions and judgments. In section 1, we introduce the problem. In section 2, we explain the concept of proposition in the intuitionistic type theory as a development of the intuitionistic conception of proposition. In section 3, we explain the concept of judgment in the intuitionistic type theory. In section 4, we explain some basic inference rules and examine a particular derivation in the theory. In section 5, we examine one route from the Fregean distinction between propositions and judgments to the distinction between them in the intuitionistic type theory, paying attention to the alleged necessity for introducing different forms of judgments.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-62
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• 2009

Internet computing is a disruptive IT innovation. Semantic Web can be considered as an IT innovation because the Semantic Web technology possesses the potential to reduce information overload and enable semantic integration, using capabilities such as semantics and machine-processability. How should organizations adopt the Semantic Web? What factors affect the adoption and diffusion of Semantic Web innovation? Most studies on adoption and diffusion of innovation use empirical analysis as a quantitative research methodology in the post-implementation stage. There is criticism that the positivist requiring theoretical rigor can sacrifice relevance to practice. Rapid advances in technology require studies relevant to practice. In particular, it is realistically impossible to conduct quantitative approach for factors affecting adoption of the Semantic Web because the Semantic Web is in its infancy. However, in an early stage of introduction of the Semantic Web, it is necessary to give a model and some guidelines and for adoption and diffusion of the technology innovation to practitioners and researchers. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a model of adoption and diffusion of the Semantic Web and to offer propositions as guidelines for successful adoption through a qualitative research method including multiple case studies and in-depth interviews. The researcher conducted interviews with 15 people based on face-to face and 2 interviews by telephone and e-mail to collect data to saturate the categories. Nine interviews including 2 telephone interviews were from nine user organizations adopting the technology innovation and the others were from three supply organizations. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were recorded on digital voice recorder memory and subsequently transcribed verbatim. 196 pages of transcripts were obtained from about 12 hours interviews. Triangulation of evidence was achieved by examining each organization website and various documents, such as brochures and white papers. The researcher read the transcripts several times and underlined core words, phrases, or sentences. Then, data analysis used the procedure of open coding, in which the researcher forms initial categories of information about the phenomenon being studied by segmenting information. QSR NVivo version 8.0 was used to categorize sentences including similar concepts. 47 categories derived from interview data were grouped into 21 categories from which six factors were named. Five factors affecting adoption of the Semantic Web were identified. The first factor is demand pull including requirements for improving search and integration services of the existing systems and for creating new services. Second, environmental conduciveness, reference models, uncertainty, technology maturity, potential business value, government sponsorship programs, promising prospects for technology demand, complexity and trialability affect the adoption of the Semantic Web from the perspective of technology push. Third, absorptive capacity is an important role of the adoption. Fourth, suppler's competence includes communication with and training for users, and absorptive capacity of supply organization. Fifth, over-expectance which results in the gap between user's expectation level and perceived benefits has a negative impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Finally, the factor including critical mass of ontology, budget. visible effects is identified as a determinant affecting routinization and infusion. The researcher suggested a model of adoption and diffusion of the Semantic Web, representing relationships between six factors and adoption/diffusion as dependent variables. Six propositions are derived from the adoption/diffusion model to offer some guidelines to practitioners and a research model to further studies. Proposition 1 : Demand pull has an influence on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Proposition 1-1 : The stronger the degree of requirements for improving existing services, the more successfully the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 1-2 : The stronger the degree of requirements for new services, the more successfully the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 2 : Technology push has an influence on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Proposition 2-1 : From the perceptive of user organizations, the technology push forces such as environmental conduciveness, reference models, potential business value, and government sponsorship programs have a positive impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web while uncertainty and lower technology maturity have a negative impact on its adoption. Proposition 2-2 : From the perceptive of suppliers, the technology push forces such as environmental conduciveness, reference models, potential business value, government sponsorship programs, and promising prospects for technology demand have a positive impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web while uncertainty, lower technology maturity, complexity and lower trialability have a negative impact on its adoption. Proposition 3 : The absorptive capacities such as organizational formal support systems, officer's or manager's competency analyzing technology characteristics, their passion or willingness, and top management support are positively associated with successful adoption of the Semantic Web innovation from the perceptive of user organizations. Proposition 4 : Supplier's competence has a positive impact on the absorptive capacities of user organizations and technology push forces. Proposition 5 : The greater the gap of expectation between users and suppliers, the later the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 6 : The post-adoption activities such as budget allocation, reaching critical mass, and sharing ontology to offer sustainable services are positively associated with successful routinization and infusion of the Semantic Web innovation from the perceptive of user organizations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.45-49
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• 2001

Success in Knowledge Management depends critically on the evaluation system that managers of an organization evaluate objectively performance of members of the organization. In particular, the differences in the standard of Performance evaluation used by managers in Governmental Institution or Agency of make an issue of the standardization of Performance evaluation. Therefore, in this paper we propose the alternative evaluation method, which minimizes the bias resulted from the different standards by measuring ranking of knowledge workers, instead of quantitative analysis, using Median Rank method in Reliability and verify our proposition using the analysis of examples.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.28-36
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• 2009

While existing literature has focused extensively on the strengths and weaknesses of the Chaebol and their ownership and governance, there have been few studies of Korean non-Chaebol firms. However, Lee, Lee and Pennings (2001) did not specifically investigate the competitive strategies that non-Chaebol firms use to survive against the Chaebol in the domestic Korean market. The motivation of this paper is to document, through four exploratory case studies, the successful competitive strategies of non-Chaebol Korean companies against the Chaebol and then offer some propositions that may be useful to other entrepreneurial firms as well as public policy makers. Competition and cooperation as conceptualized by product similarity and cooperative inter.firm relationship respectively, are major dimensions of firm.level marketing strategy. From these two dimensions, we develop the following $2{\times}2$ matrix, with 4 types of competitive strategies for non-Chaebol companies against the Chaebol (Fig. 1.). The non-Chaebol firm in Cell 1 has a "me-too" product for the low-end market while conceding the high-end market to a Chaebol. In Cell 2, the non-Chaebol firm partners with a Chaebol company, either as a supplier or complementor. In Cell 3, the non-Chaebol firm engages in direct competition with a Chaebol. In Cell 4, the non-Chaebol firm targets an unserved part of the market with an innovative product or service. The four selected cases such as E.Rae Electronics Industry Company (Co-exister), Intops (Supplier), Pantech (Competitor) and Humax (Niche Player) are analyzed to provide each strategy with richer insights. Following propositions are generated based upon our conceptual framework: Proposition 1: Non-Chaebol firms that have a cooperative relationship with a Chaebol will perform better than firms that do not. Proposition 1a; Co-existers will perform better than Competitors. Proposition 1b: Partners (suppliers or complementors) will perform better than Niche players. Proposition 2: Firms that have no product similarity with a Chaebol will perform better than firms that have product similarity. Proposition 2a: Partners (suppliers or complementors) will perform better than Co.existers. Proposition 2b: Niche players will perform better than Competitors. Proposition 3: Niche players should perform better than Co-existers. Proposition 4: Performance can be rank.ordered in descending order as Partners, Niche Players, Co.existers, Competitors. A team of experts was constituted to categorize each of these 216 non-Chaebol companies into one of the 4 cells in our typology. Simple Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS statistical software was used to test our propositions. Overall findings are that it is better to have a cooperative relationship with a Chaebol and to offer products or services differentiated from a Chaebol. It is clear that the only profitable strategy, on average, to compete against the Chaebol is to be a partner (supplier or complementor). Competing head on with a Chaebol company is a costly strategy not likely to pay off for a non-Chaebol firm. Strategies to avoid head on competition with the Chaebol by serving niche markets with differentiated products or by serving the low-end of the market ignored by the Chaebol are better survival strategies. This paper illustrates that there are ways in which small and medium Korean non-Chaebol firms can thrive in a Chaebol environment, though not without risks. Using different combinations of competition and cooperation firms may choose particular positions along the product similarity and cooperative relationship dimensions to develop their competitive strategies-co-exister, competitor, partner, niche player. Based on our exploratory case-study analysis, partner seems to be the best strategy for non-Chaebol firms while competitor appears to be the most risky one. Niche players and co-existers have intermediate performance, though the former do better than the latter. It is often the case with managers of small and medium size companies that they tend to view market leaders, typically the Chaebol, with rather simplistic assumptions of either competition or collaboration. Consequently, many non-Chaebol firms turn out to be either passive collaborators or overwhelmed competitors of the Chaebol. In fact, competition and collaboration are not mutually exclusive, and can be pursued at the same time. As suggested in this paper, non-Chaebol firms can actively choose to compete and collaborate, depending on their environment, internal resources and capabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2015

Warehouse Management System (WMS) is a key control for Material Handling System (MHS) and Inventory Control System (ICS). How to design and implement for WMS is crucial factor for achieving the key performance index for Manufacturing Industry. In particular, iron and steel making industry, where the volume and weight is large and hence FIFO (First Input First Out) is not working, how to design WMS is a key factor. In this paper, we systematically define the problem of WMS via developing StR (Stakeholders' Requirements) or ORD (Operational Requirement Documents), SyR (System Requirement), and SA (System Architecture) based on the emerging technologies. In particular, IoT (Internet of Things), CPS (Cyber Physical System) concepts and enabling technologies haves been incorporated in developing Smart WMS. The deliverables of the research can provide a conceptual framework for developing the next generation industrial WMS.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2004.10d
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• pp.323-328
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• 2004

The main concern of the paper is to establish a hypothesis in which the form thi is treated as a particular Contrastive Topic marker in Vietnamese sentence structure. We have investigated that the form thican be placed after a topical nominal or verbal to compose a Contrastive Topic phrase. Not only the subjects or objects but predicates in Vietnamese can have a CT interpretation with the marker thi. The thi-phrase not only refers to an entity or event the speaker wants to talk about, but also indicates that there exist contrastive alternatives the speaker wants to talk about. The nature of the contrastive topic decides the nature the alternative set and the choice of the topic of the implicated proposition. When the set of alternatives does not have the characteristic of scale, we have a descriptive opposite implicature. Again, if the contrastive set is a scalar set, we gat a denial-of expectation implicature.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.636-641
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• 2009

ZnO nanofibers were electro-spun from a solution containing poly 4-vinyl phenol and Zn acetate dihydrate. The calcination process of the ZnO/PVP composite nanofibers brought forth a random network of polycrystalline wurtzite ZnO nanofibers of 30 nm to 70 nm in diameter. The electrical properties of the ZnO nanofibers were governed by the grain boundaries. To investigate possible applications of the ZnO nanofibers, their CO and $NO_2$ gas sensing responses are demonstrated. In particular, the $SnO_2$-deposited ZnO nanofibers exhibit a remarkable gas sensing response to $NO_2$ gas as low as 400 ppb. Oxide nanofibers emerge as a new proposition for oxide-based gas sensors.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.12
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• pp.37-80
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• 2005

Archival appraisal has been a significant field and demanding task in thoughts and practice about modern archive, in particular, because of insufficiency of resources for the preservation in comparison with the large scale of recorded information. Appraising records does naturally go with the selecting and acquiring them. In the field of appraisal, however, comprehensive accountability on appraisal is much more important than selection and acquisition. The purpose of this study is the proposition of the theoretic approach to the analysis of the factors concerning the archival appraisal. For this purpose, I would try not the actual practice of the archival appraisal but theoretical categories of archival appraisal decision. The archival Characteristic, Value, and Context will be proposed as theoretical categories for the analysis of archival appraisal decision. Firstly, Characteristic category makes it clear to identify the reliable and authentic records, and then, Value provides us with elucidation about the appraisers' recognition of values. Lastly, Context explains the priority of selection throughout creating, using, interrelationship, and social meaning of archives.