• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.775-786
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• 2017

유사량 자료는 하천을 유지 관리하기 위하여 지속적으로 확보할 필요가 있다. 최근 해외에서는 유사량 자료 확보의 효율성 제고를 위해 초음파도플러유속계를 이용하여 간접적으로 유사량을 관측하는 연구가 시도되고 있다. 그러나, 기존 연구의 경우 주파수가 낮은 저주파 초음파도플러 유속계를 이용하여 대하천 및 실제 하천에서만 연구가 수행되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3 MHz의 높은 주파수가 적용된 수평초음파도플러유속계(H-ADCP)를 유량과 유사량 통제가 가능한 실험수로에 적용하여 획득한 신호대잡음비(SNR)를 이용하여 입경에 따른 초음파의 반사특성을 규명하고, 대하천을 기반으로 개발된 신호대잡음비 보정 알고리즘의 적용성 검토를 실시하며, 보정된 신호대잡음비를 활용하여 실험수로 규모의 하천에서 유사량 측정 가능성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해, 레이저부유사측정기(LISST-100X)를 활용하여 실측 부유사농도 데이터를 획득하고 신호대잡음비와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 수로 전 단면에 균일한 유사를 공급하기 위해 실험수로 규격에 맞게 유사공급장치를 제작하였으며, 초음파 반사특성 규명을 위해 입경이 다른 두 종류의 유사(Silt, Sand)를 활용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 기존 신호대잡음비 보정 알고리즘을 실험수로 측정결과에 대해 적용성 검토를 실시한 결과, 적절한 보정 결과를 보여 보정 알고리즘이 실험수로 규모에도 적용 가능함을 확인하였으며, 보정된 신호대잡음비와 부유사농도 사이의 상관관계 경향을 분석한 결과, 실트와 모래에 대해 전체적으로 일정한 연관성을 보여, 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 신호대잡음비를 이용한 간접적인 유사량 관측이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2002

Sediment from six piston cores from the East Sea (Sea of Japan) was analyzed for evidence of paleoceanographic changes and paleoclimatic variation. A distinct geochemical boundary is evident in major element concentrations and organic carbon content of most cores near the 10-ka horizon. This distinctive basal Holocene change is interpreted to be largely the result of changing sediment sources, an interpretation supported by TiO_2/Al_2O_3$ ratios. Organic carbon and carbonate contents also differ significantly between the Holocene and glacial intervals. The C/N ratio of organic matter is greater than 10 during the glacial period, but is less than 10 for the Holocene, suggesting that the influx of terrigenous organic matter was more volumetrically important than marine organic matter during glacial times. The chemical index of weathering (CIW) is higher for the Holocene than the glacial interval, and changes markedly at the basal Holocene geochemical boundary. Silt fractions are higher in the glacial interval, suggesting a strong effect of climate on silt particle transportation: terrigenous aluminosilicates and continental organic carbon transport were higher during glacial times than during the Holocene. Differences in sediment composition between the Holocene and glacial period are interpreted to have been climatically induced.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.783-790
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to suggest the alternative measures to properly manage the water quality of Lake Euiam, Chuncheon. Current pollution level of Gongji stream (influent to Lake Euiam) and sources of contamination in Lake Euiam were investigated. Particle size, organic matter and nutrient contents, heavy metals were analyzed for sediment samples taken from lower region of Gongji stream. Average organic matter content of nine sediment samples was 5.7%, and for nitrogen and phosphorus it was 750 mg/kg and 977mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metals including aluminum, iron, manganese and zinc were measured, whereas Cd and As were not detected. Effluent from Chuncheon Wastewater Treatment Plant appeared to be one of the main cause of organic matter and nutrients level in Lake Euiam. Inhibition of primary production and consequent reduction of organic matter content within the Lake should be a key measure to protect the water quality of Lake Euiam. Preventive measures to reduce the level of nutrients in wastewater treatment effluent were found necessary.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.655-664
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• 2018

하상재료 조사는 유사량 계산 및 하상변동과 같은 하도 계획에 필요한 기초 자료로서 입도분포, 비중, 다공성 등을 조사하는 것이다. 원칙적으로, 조사 지점은 하천 종단 방향으로 1 km 간격이고 하나의 횡단면에 3 개 이상이다. 따라서 조사 대상 하천의 종단 길이에 따라 조사 지점이 아주 많아지기 때문에 조사에 소요되는 시간과 비용이 상당히 증가한다. 본 연구는 입도분석법인 체적법과 화상해석법의 작업 효율성과 비용을 비교하고, 화상해석법의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 화상해석법에 의하여 환산된 등가원의 직경이 하상재료 입도분석에 적용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 체적법과 화상해석법의 작업효율성과 비용을 분석한 결과 약 80%의 절감효과가 있음을 입증하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1999

The Hg, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn in bottom sediments of han river and their tributaries were analyzed to evaluate the seasonal variations of heavy metals. Leaching tests were also performed for estimation of availability of heavy metal retention in sediments. Sediments of Anyang stream showed the highest concentration of heavy metal in the sediment samples. Heavy metal concentration was heavily depended upon the heavy metal source of tributaries of han river and particle distribution. Clay and silt had higher concentration of heavy metals than very fine san and fine sand due to difference of retention capability of heavy metal. The highest concentration of heavy metal was observed in bottom sediments irrespective of sites investigated. Heavy metals and ignition loss showed positive relations, and higher relationships with p-value <0.01 were observed between copper and lead. copper and zinc, and depended on the pH condition of leaching test, and leachated fraction increased with decrease of the pH.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

In this experiment the effects of the packing structure of pigment on the surface characteristics (smoothness and gloss) of coated paper are studied. Four different kinds of inorganic pigments(clay), ground calcium carbonate(GCC), two of precipitated calcium carbonates(PCC), and two organic pigments(solid bead and hollow type) were used. The method of measuring the relative sediment volume(RSV) was used to analyze the packing structure of coating layer. The relative sediment volume was measured, using the pressure dewatering dry-cake method(PDDM) and centrifuge method. Also, the particle size distribution of coating pigment was determined. The results showed that small amount of organic pigment, added to inorganic pigment, improved smoothness and its effect was greater when GCC was used as inorganic pigment. The efficiency of organic pigment depended upon the inorganic pigment since the organic pigment is packed in the pores formed by the inorganic pigment.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.133-136
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• 2004

In-situ collection experiments were performed to analyze inflowing sedilnents behavior as a basic study of topographical change in Nakdong River Estuary. Sediment rate and bed load flux ranged from 0.0004 to $0.472\;g/cm^2/day\;and\;0.0005\~1.7579\;g/cm^2/day$, respectively. The settling velocity of suspended particulate matter was estimated in tire range of $0.339\~1.010\;cm/sec$, The grain size analysis shows that surface sediments in backside of sandbar and bed load in front of dike have a similar grain size distribution. It is considered that the source of surface sediments in backside of sandbar were flowed in from Nakdong River. In order to verify the characteristics of inflowing sediments behavior, detailed surveys around Nakdong River Estuary need to be carried out, continuously.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 1984년도 제26회 수공학연구발표회논문초록집
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• pp.7-21
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• 1984

Entrainment and deposition experiments were counducted in fresh water on four groups of sediments: three well-defined sediments of uniform composition and narrow-size distribution (1 to 9 um, 10 to 50 um, and 50 to 90 um), and a fourth group which was a mixture of these three sediments. In the entrainment experiments and at a particular stress, the steady-state suspended sediment concentration of the coarse group was the lowest while the concentrations of the fine and medium groups were higher that that of the coarse group but were similar to each other. Deposition experiments generally showed an exponential decrease of suspended sediment concentration with time with the decay time being a function of particle size and applied stress.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1996

The species of four heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb) associated with sediments (viz exchangeable, carbonates, reducible, organic and residual fractions) were determined with respect to the particle sizes and depths at four locations of the lower Kumho river. In the exchangeable fraction, 3.7~19.52% of Ni and 2.8~14.81% of Pb were found, and in the carbonates fraction 2.12~19.43% of Ni and 1.39~15.42% of Pb were found. The reducible fraction retained about 8.66~44.93% of Cr, 0.41~9.79% of Cu, 17.38~35.74% of Ni and 9.5~44.89% of Pb. In the organic fraction about 0~21.06% of Cr, 2.95~35.74% of Cu, 0~14.66% of Ni and 0~10.65% of Pb were found. The residual fraction retained about 52.6~83.53% of Cr, 63.86~86.39% of Cu, 39.66~66.16% of Ni and 39.97~71.75% of Pb. The order of release or mobility of heavy metals was Ni > Pb > Cr > Cu. Mobile fraction of heavy metals by particle sizes (1.0~0.5 mm and 0.5~0.25 mm) was found to be higher in particle sizes 1.0~0.5 mm than that of 0.5~0.25 mm. The release or mobility of heavy metals by depths (0~5 cm, 5~10 cm and 10~15 cm) was found to be higher in the upper sediments than in the lower sediments, except Cu.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.173-185
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• 2020

Calcareous soil is originated from marine biogenic sediments and weathering of carbonate rocks. The formation history for calcareous sediment includes complex physical, biological and chemical processes. It is preferably selected as the major fill materials for hydraulic reclamation and artificial island construction. Calcareous sands possess inter pores and complex shape are liable to be damaged at normal working stress level due to its fragile nature. Thus, the engineering properties of calcareous soil are greatly affected by its high compressibility and crushability. A series of triaxial shear tests were performed on calcareous sands derived from South China Sea under different test conditions. The effects of confining pressure, particle size, grading, compactness, drainage condition, and water content on the total amount of particle breakage for calcareous soil were symmetrically investigated. The test results showed that the crushing extent of calcareous sand with full gradation was smaller than that a single particle group under the same test condition. Large grains are cushioned by surrounding small particles and such micro-structure reduces the probability of breakage for well-graded sands. The increasing tendency of particle crushing for calcareous sand with a rise in confining pressure and compactness is confirmed. It is also evident that a rise in water content enhances the amount of particle breakage for calcareous sand. However, varying tendency of particle breakage with grain size is still controversial and requires further examination.