• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.1095-1101
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• 2012

As the amount of data increases explosively, a large scale database system is emerged to store, retrieve and manipulate it. There are several issues in this environments such as, consistency, availability and fault tolerance. In this paper, we address a efficient range-query method where data management services are separated from transaction management services in large-scale database systems. A study had been proposed using partitions to protect independence of two modules and to resolve the phantom problem, but this method was efficient only when range-query is specified by a key. So, we present a new method that can improve the efficiency when range-query is specified by a key attribute as well as other attributes. The presented method can guarantee the independence of separated modules and alleviate overheads for range-query using partial index.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2003

With the rapid development of information and communication technology, a lot of multi-media learning programs are being developed and reported in the field of Emergency medicine both home and abroad. In this connection, this study was aimed at developing a foreign-body airway obstruction courseware in adults for EMT. The development period of CAI courseware lasted from May 2003 through November 2003. Among CAI courseware patterns, private instruction and repeat practice and simulation patterns were used as an instruction-learning strategy. The learning contents of the CAI courseware consisted of five chapters concerning (1) A relief of partial FBAO in the responsible victim, (2) A relief of complete FBAO in the responsible victim, (3) In case of unconsciousness in the responsible victim without removing all foreign body, (4) In case of consciousness in all victims after getting removed all foreign body and (5) A complete airway obstruction in victims without consciousness on the basis of assess responsiveness and the degree of airway obstruction. The way to use this courseware, with just a click on one specific chapter, was developed to proceed a course with progressive algorithm, a method of solving problems by choosing one between two situations. A characteristic of this CAI courseware is the enhanced efficiency of an instruction-learning method by providing an opportunity of choice based on situations in its effort to encourage learners to use a self-initiated learning method, not one-way method and to enhance problem solving skills among situations. Moreover, this courseware went through the diverse phases such as development, application, feedback in connection with learning process by practicing teachers, so that the courseware could be used frequently in the future. The contents of this courseware were written with the web, so that, if necessary, the contents could be continuously modified and complemented and handed out in the form of CD-ROM. This study indicates that the development of a variety of CAI courseware requires institutional and financial assistance and initiatives reflecting a reality in terms of learning process, technical assistance and resources.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

In this study, the performance characteristics of turbocharged engine is analyzed. The methods of engine performance improvements are suggested not only for full load characteristics of the engine but also for partial load characteristics of the engine, which is more frequently used in actual driving conditions. The compression ratio of the compressor is increased rapidly in a straight line pattern until 1260 engine rpm, and after that it is increased slowly to 2.5 ratio. Also the brake mean effective pressure increased until 1260 engine rpm and decreased rapidly after 1600 engine rpm. The higher the pressure ratio, the better the fuel consumption, air excess ratio and brake mean effective pressure. But those are higher in the rated revolution range than in the mid-low revolution range. The turbocharger is operated in a stable condition from 1260 rpm and its efficiency is low in the low speed range for the reason of its characteristics. The results of this study can be applied in the fundamental control methods of turbocharged engine for stable load and speed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2013

In order to support mobility for sink groups, it is important to get the current location of a mobile sink group and then to offer the location to a source. Typically, previous works calculate a region including all member sinks by flooding; then, it notifies this region information to a source. However, flooding and location updates are periodically performed regardless of the group movement so that it causes considerable control overhead. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient scheme supporting mobile sink groups. The proposed scheme obtains a location of a group without flooding. It exploits the inherent property of mobile sink groups which could approximate entire group movement by only partial member sinks movement. Also, the scheme learns group location by back-propagation learning method through exploiting overhearing feature in wireless communication environment. Our simulation studies show that the proposed scheme significantly improves in terms of energy consumption compared to the previous work.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.2077-2083
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• 2000

For the application of wet air oxidation(WAO) process reactive dyes, remazol blacks has been selected as the subject for this study. The rate of decomposition relating to the reaction temperature and catalyst has been summarized during the catalytic wet air oxidation reaction. When 1.5 gram per liter of platinum is added titanium-dioxide and the partial pressure is adjusted to 6 atmosphere at the reaction temperature exceeding $200^{\circ}C$, more than 95% of the remazol blacks dyes were decomposed. When the reaction temperature was raised to $200^{\circ}C$, $220^{\circ}C$ and $250^{\circ}C$, respectively, for 240 minutes after adding the catalyst, the remaining rate of ultraviolet absorbance had dropped significantly to 18%, 12%, and 4%. At the reaction temperature of $250^{\circ}C$, color removal efficiency was approximately 95% or more after 120 minutes from the beginning of the reaction.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.417-431
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• 2016

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) powder was treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide to obtain partially defluorinated fluoropolymers with expected properties such as improving hydrophilicity and fouling resistance. Raman spectrum and FT-IR results confirmed the existence of conjugated carbon double bonds after alkaline treatment. As the concentration increased, the degree of defluorination increased. The morphology and structure of membranes were examined. The permeation performance was investigated. The results showed that membrane's hydrophilicity increased with increase of the percentage of alkaline treated PVDF powder. Moreover, in terms of the water contact angle, it decreased from $92^{\circ}$ to a minimum of $68^{\circ}$; while water up take increased from 128 to 138%. Fluxof pure water and the cleaning efficiency increased with the increase of alkaline treated PVDF powder. The fouling potential also decreased with the increase of the percentage of alkaline treated PVDF powder. The reason that makes blending PVDF show different characteristics because of partial defluorination, which led the formation of conjugated C = C bonds and the inclusion of oxygen functionalities. The polyene structure followed by hydroxide attack to yield hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Therefore, the hydrophilicity of blending membrane was improved. The SEM and porosity measurements showed that no obvious variations of the pore dimensions and structures for blend membranes were observed. Mechanical tests suggest that the high content of the alkaline treated PVDF result in membranes with less tolerance of tensile stress and higher brittleness. TGA results exhibited that the blend of alkaline treated PVDF did not change membrane thermal stability.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.47-61
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this research is to develop new animal-experimental model for Sasang Constitutional Medicine, especially for partial Taeyangin(one of four constitution which has good pulmonary function and poor hepatic function) by AAP intraperitoneal injection, and to estimate from the viewpoint of obesity and lipid metabolism. Methods: The C57bl/6J mice was divided into 4 groups ; Normal group, AAP group, High-Fat-Diet(HFD) group, and HFD+AAP group. 200mg AAP was injected intraperitoneally to the AAP group twice a week for six weeks, and HFD group was fed with 60%-High-fat Diet for six weeks. HFD+AAP group got both AAP injection and 60%-High-fat Diet at the same time for the same period. In this period, We measured the weight and Food Efficiency Ratio(FER, %) once a week. After six weeks, We conducted the blood chemical test from the groups, and extracted the fat tissue to measure weight. Results & conclusion: In the liver function test, two AAP groups had higher AST and ALP, and normal LDH. The blood level of creatinine from all groups were normal. The rate in weight was lesser by 7.8% in HFD+AAP group, and had lesser FER than HFD group. Also They had lesser Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, and had more HDL cholesterol than HFD group. HFD+AAP group hadmore glucose in serum and lesser Insulin-like Growth Factor 1(IGF-1) than HFD group.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.10A no.4
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• pp.357-368
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• 2003

Evaluation of shape similarity for 3D models is essential in many areas - medicine, mechanical engineering, molecular biology, etc. Moreover, as 3D models are commonly used on the Web, many researches have been made on the classification and retrieval of 3D models. In this paper, we describe methods for 3D shape representation and major concepts of similarity evaluation, and analyze the key features of recent researches for shape comparison after classifying them into four categories including multi-resolution, topology, 2D image, and statistics based methods. In addition, we evaluated the performance of the reviewed methods by the selected criteria such as uniqueness, robustness, invariance, multi-resolution, efficiency, and comparison scope. Multi-resolution based methods have resulted in decreased computation time for comparison and increased preprocessing time. The methods using geometric and topological information were able to compare more various types of models and were robust to partial shape comparison. 2D image based methods incurred overheads in time and space complexity. Statistics based methods allowed for shape comparison without pose-normalization and showed robustness against affine transformations and noise.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2010

Since it is of great importance to know how a ligand binds to a receptor, there have been a lot of efforts to improve the quality of prediction of docking poses. Earlier efforts were focused on improving search algorithm and scoring function in a docking program resulting in a partial improvement with a lot of variations. Although these are basically very important and essential, more tangible improvements came from the reduction of search space. In a normal docking study, the approximate active site is assumed to be known. After defining active site, scoring functions and search algorithms are used to locate the expected binding pose within this search space. A good search algorithm will sample wisely toward the correct binding pose. By careful study of receptor structure, it was possible to prioritize sub-space in the active site using "receptor-based pharmacophores" or "hot spots". In a sense, these techniques reduce the search space from the beginning. Further improvements were made when the bound ligand structure is available, i.e., the searching could be directed by molecular similarity using ligand information. This could be very helpful to increase the accuracy of binding pose. In addition, if the biological activity data is available, docking program could be improved to the level of being useful in affinity prediction for a series of congeneric ligands. Since the number of co-crystal structures is increasing in protein databank, "Ligand-Guided Docking" to reduce the search space would be more important to improve the accuracy of docking pose prediction and the efficiency of virtual screening. Further improvements in this area would be useful to produce more reliable docking programs.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.54-66
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to figure out relationships of perceived Technology Readiness Index(TRI), usefulness, acceptance intension, and the recognition of substitute employment of medical personnel on the artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT) among main technologies. Methodology: To achieve the purpose, this study utilized structured survey tools to conduct a questionnaire survey of nursing, administrative and medical technology professionals at six university hospitals in Korea metropolitan area. A PLS(Partial Least Square) Path analysis was utilized To analyze the material. Findings: In the relation with the technology readiness and perceived usefulness, it had a positive influence to the perceived usefulness when the optimism and innovativeness were higher and the discomfort was lower. In the relation with the technology readiness and acceptance intension, it showed a positive influence when the innovativeness was higher and the discomfort was lower. In the relation with the perceived usefulness and acceptance intension, it had a positive influence to the acceptance intension when the perceived usefulness was higher. In the relation with the acceptance intension and the recognition of substitute employment, it showed a positive influence to the recognition of substitute employment when the acceptance intension was higher. Practical Implications: Judging based on the above study results and reference reviews, it confirmed that it is necessary to prepare in the level of hospital organization in the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution. They should increase the efficiency of human resources through the technological factors or changes of employment types for the additional demands of human resources to handle increasing medical demands or induce to secure necessary abilities which are changing at the right time by performing the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution related re-training continuously to develop the value of existing human resources.