• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.43-75
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• 2018

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) was created to focus on the procedural complexity in the resolution of sports-related disputes, confidentiality, the matter of expenses, and the necessity of prompt settlement in the field of international sports. The CAS had originally launched as one of bodies of International Olympic Committee (IOC), but later it became properly operational as an independent organization to facilitate sports-related disputes when the International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS), which came into force in accordance with the Paris Agreement in 1984 and has acted in place of IOC, took responsibility for the administration and financing of the CAS. The CAS is composed of four divisions, the Ordinary Arbitration Division and the Appeals Arbitration Division, the Ad hoc Division created later in 1996 and the CAS Anti-Doping Division (CAS ADD) established as from 2016 only to conduct proceedings and to issue decisions on an alleged anti-doping rule violation, and two (Sydney and New York) permanent decentralized offices. The head office of the CAS is Lausanne, Switzerland. Since CAS ADD was established, CAS Ad hoc Division has had jurisdiction over the appeal case against a decision pronounced by the IOC, an NOC, an international Federation or an Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games. Although there are so many virtues of CAS as a resolution authority for sports-related disputes in terms of its organization, arbitration rules and procedures, it is also true that the CAS has not been showing the consistency. The CAS should overcome these issues through much more advanced system and its instant and fair decisions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.580-591
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• 2017

In accordance with 2015 Paris agreement, each individual country around the world should voluntarily propose not only its (individual) reduction target, but also actively develop and present expansion targets of its scope and concrete reduction goals exceeding the previous ones. Accordingly, it is necessary to prepare a macroscopic, long-range strategy for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, which can cover a single building, town, city and eventually even a province. The purpose of this research is to gather and compile government-acquired data from various sources and (in accordance with contents and specificity), combine building data by stages by using multi-variable matrix and then analyze the significance of combined data for each stage. The first order data presents the probability and the cost effectiveness of energy saving on the scale of a city or a province, based only upon general information, size and power consumption of buildings. The second order data can identify a pattern of energy consumption for a building of a specific purpose and which tends to consume a larger amount of energy during one particular season (than others). Finally, the third order data can derive influential factors (base load, humidity) from the energy consumption pattern of a building, and thus propose an informed and practical energy-saving method to be applied in real time.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-236
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to make a contribution to the development of creative fashion culture through the expansion of creative fields in the fashion design area and also the combination of fashion and art techniques, by classifying the cases of Trompe $L{\oe}il$ expressed in modern fashion, and also analyzing its aesthetic characteristics. Conducting the qualitative research through the literature study and the analysis of design cases, it targeted the women's wear collections of Paris, Milan, London, and New York, limiting its range from S/S 2010 to F/W 2015. The results are as follows: First, based on the preceding research, the types of Trompe $L{\oe}il$ expressed in modern fashion were shown as realistic expression of clothing, movement of daily objects, double images, and application of human body. Second, the aesthetic characteristics of Trompe $L{\oe}il$ based on its expression types were deconstruction, avant-garde, and amusements. The deconstruction was expressed in the expression type of Trompe $L{\oe}il$ such as freedom of materials using digital printing technique, change in the position of clothes, and movement of daily items using collage technique by collecting objets like daily items or waste. The avant-garde was expressed by switching/overlapping in and out of clothes, intentionally exposing some body parts like breast or torso, displacing body parts, and moving daily items. The amusements was shown by realistically expressing accessories or details of clothes using digital printing technique, or moving daily items such as book and fork.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.704-717
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• 2015

In modern fashion fabrics became an important element that leads the current of fashion beyond materials. Also, it has a creative role that reflects emotional and visual aspects, and it is considered as a mega trend that will lead the $21^{st}$ century fashion industry. The value of fashion products is affected not only by the style and design but also the sensuous properties like color, pattern, texture, and drape of fabrics. Therefore, in this study, characteristics of fabric trend between 2007 S/S and 2010 S/S will be analyzed focused on Premiere Vision, which influenced many Korean fashion trend information companies, while looking into the fabric trends shown in the world's top four collections-Paris, Milan, London, and New York-and Seoul collection, and comparing and analyzing the acceptance level of those. Fashion fabric is an important part in fashion design and change with social environment and value, its considered that the role and importance of subject matters increases in changing fashion design toward globalization by meeting various personality which is diversified more and more. It is to provide specific and practical data to be used for the Korean fashion industry, which can be used as useful information for future fabric researchers and people in the fashion industry for integrated study of fashion design and fashion fabric.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.79-94
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the process of how modern fashion establishes new consumption cultures by analyzing the different types of fashion toys that have appeared in modern fashion, and identifying inherent meanings of the said toys. The range of this study was limited to four collections (New York, London, Milano, Paris) from 2000 to 2015. In addition to these collections, advertisement campaign and cooperative examples as well as examples of fashion toys that appeared in public interest activities and collections were included. The selected materials were classified into different types of fashion toy usage. From the results of analyzing fashion toys appearing in modern fashion, the four following characteristics. After analyzing the use of fashion toys in modern fashion, four characteristics were found. First, fashion toys were found to be a means to maximize the visual effects of the collection stage. Second, fashion toys utilized as a fashion object were key elements in transforming neo-pop into modern fashion, and constructing high fashion. Third, the fact that people's fashion and fashion toys share contemporary fashion means that customers are shared through the integration of diverse media. This leads to creation of new benefits. Fourth, fashion toys are meaningful because the products reflect contemporary culture, and extend the scope of fashion and art, as it can be considered fashion as well as art. In conclusion, fashion toys were meaningful in that high fashion broke from conservative values, and swiftly introduced contemporary culture codes. It derived a point of effective contact to present a new way of consumption and extended the scope of fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.124-132
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• 2018

The supply of renewable energy has become more vigorous due to Paris Agreement. In Korea, supply policies of renewable energy is being promoted with priority given to public buildings, so, the supply of fuel cell system that are relatively easy to install in buildings is expected to expand, so it is important that study on anti-islanding evaluation of grid-connected power conditioning system(PCS) for fuel cell. In this study, we consider that KGS AB934 PC53 in domestic certification standard of PCS for fuel cell correspond with abroad standard and analyze anti-islanding evaluation that important safety performance when connected grid. Additionally, we constructed a prototype for anti-islanding evaluation of PCS for fuel cell connected in parallel and carried out the demonstration evaluation, so, we have conducted ways that ensure safety performance in accordance with the circumstances where several fuel cell systems are installed.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.291-298
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to suggest a smart city strategy through smart growth considering the human, social and cultural meaning. It seeks opportunities to develop the cities that has not grown by integrating the ICT, a new growth tool for smart cities, into the spatial and physical renewal project. Method: Analyzing policy and strategy of smart living lab and digital cultural contents on the smart growth process under the experience in Amsterdam and Paris. Results: Smart city is expected to be reflected not only the technical aspects but the social characteristics of the city in order to enhance the living environment of the citizens by embracing diverse viewpoints throughout the city. It examines the smart growth plan in the improvement of the living conditions of the citizens. Conclusion: Planning smart city is to discover the smart city adaptability that can enhance the capability of cities to improve the life condition and quality of citizens by applying the core strategies and specialized programs with community service and urban marketing, which are emerging as smart cities based on ICT technologies.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1996

Variation in triacylglycerols(TGs) and fatty acids in Fucus serratus was analyzed for a period of one year. TGs were more concentrated during the summer(2.8mg/g dw)and autumn(2.6mg/g dw) than during the spring (0,7mg/g dw)and winter (0.5mg/g dw). The dominant fatty acides in total liqid were palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$, 24.1%), oleic acid (($C_{18:1}$, 22.4%) and arachidonic acid (($C_{20:4}$, 14.4%) but the dominant ones in TG were $C_{16:0}$(22.8%), $C_{18:1}$(36.4%) and $C_{18:2}$(linoleic acid, 16.4%). The levels of $C_16$ fatty acids were high in winter while $C_18$ in summer and autumn. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) were more abundant in the $C_20$ series, while the UFAs of the $C_16$ were low. Especially, the amount of arachidonic acid ($C_{20:4}$, 14.4% of total fatty acids (TFA) was more abundant than that of eicosapentaenoic acid ($C_{20:5}$, 10.4% of TFA). The amount of $C_{20:4}$ and $C_{20:5}$,in TG was 9.2% and 4.8%, respectively. These UFAs in total lipid were thus higher than TG. Therefore, the synthesis of TG and fatty acid was stimulated by the alternation of emersion and submersion of thalli from sea water and eco-physiological conditions during summer: high temperature and light, and low concentration of nitrogen.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.247-261
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• 1973

In the past, what we call "fashion" was monopolized by only a small highly privileged group of individuals. To-day, we know that fashion field has become progressive democratization of taste not only in clothing, but in all expressions of contemporary living, from automobiles to refrigerators. So, we can find out how wonderful it is that our recent fashionable history was changed so fast. Whatever highly characteristic costume may be in the former, the way people dress was the reflection of their contemporary lives as well as their political status, economics, cultures, arts religions, so that a history of fashion is a history of life. Now, that categorical silhouettes make an exclusion across centuries of past history into the world of aesthetics, particularizes following ; symbolic voluminous toga of Roman authority, the religious but gorgeous Byzantine tunic, extravagant vertical bell-skirt of the Renaissance, the romantic Rococo style, the elegant crinoline and the bustle of the Cul de Paris of the nineteenth. It came true that women was intoxicated ostentations and elegances, since they had on ornamently costume which bear some relationship to the more formal Co-stesy, till the beginning of the twentieth. As Jonney Ironside said, "Nowadays, those exessive ornamentations and cumbersome design hardly belong to a civilization run by machines and in a hurry". These were once a sign of wealth and class ; at the beginning of the twentieth it was disappearing step by step. What is the reason\ulcorner At the end of the nineteenth, the emancipation of women, the movement of the Art Nouveau and the opening of the ready-made, have influenced on modern style, directly or indirectly. Finally, democratically popular costume was caused by fighting against the masculine prejudice excluded them from activities.hem from activities.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2009

The simulation of dynamic load was conducted based on surface profile on asphalt concrete pavement, vehicle speeds, and suspension types using a truck simulation program. The results of the simulated dynamic load based on different surface profile, vehicle speeds, and suspension types are analyzed. As pavement roughness and vehicle speed are increased, the dynamic load was increased. Walking beam suspension produces greater dynamic load than air spring suspension. Pavement damage index is calculated based on covariance of dynamic load and Paris-Erdogan fracture parameter, n which is based on creep compliance tests of asphalt mixtures used in Korea. The higher covariance of dynamic load, confidence level, and fracture parameter are used, the greater pavement damage index is obtained. Specification of pavement roughness can be developed in various vehicle speeds and asphalt mixtures, and pay factor can be determined after constructing asphalt concrete pavement using pavement damage concepts.