• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2014

Moebius syndrome is a rare, congenital neurological disease involving facial paralysis and limitation of eye movements. It results from maldevelopment of the sixth and seventh cranial nerves. Dental features of this syndrome include micrognathia, microstomia, tongue deformity, cleft palate, hypoplasia of the teeth, and congenital missing teeth. A 7-year-old female with Moebius syndrome was referred from a local dental clinic for caries treatment. She presented with facial paralysis and microstomia. Oral findings included multiple caries with enamel hypoplasia, congenital missing teeth, and tongue deformity. Dental treatments including restorative and preventive procedures were performed. Oral findings and management aspects of Moebius syndrome for this case are discussed. Early evaluation and multidisciplinary care are needed for children with Moebius syndrome.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.439-442
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• 1996

Continuous epidural analgesia has been used widely for chronic pain control, especially in cancer patients. As one of the complications, paraplegia developed during continuous epidural analgesia may be caused by epidural abscess, epidural hematoma, neural damage, chronic adhesive arachnoiditis, anterior spinal artery syndrome, delayed migration of extradural catheter into subdural space or subarachnoid space and preexisting disease. A 55-years-old male with lung cancer was implanted with continuous thoracic epidural catheter for pain control. Twenty days after catheterization, moderate back pain, weakness of lower extremity and urinary difficulty were developed. We suspected epidural abscess at first and made differential diagnosis with MRI which showed metastatic cancer at T2-4 spine, And compressed spinal cord was the main cause of the lower extremity paralysis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 1999

Diaphragmatic eventration is a rare disease and is caused by congenital etiology. We operated on a patient who had had preexisting left diaphragmatic eventration which was complicated by a right diaphragmatic paralysis and a persistent respiratory insufficiency due to a traffic accident. This was a very rare case and there has not yet been any case reports worldwide. We were able to abtain good surgical results from plication of left diaphragm in this case and thus report it.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2014

Channelopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from the dysfunction of ion channels located in the membranes of all cells and many cellular organelles. These include diseases of the nervous system (e.g., generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia, and hyperkalemic and hypokalemic periodic paralysis), the cardiovascular system (e.g., long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), the respiratory system (e.g., cystic fibrosis), the endocrine system (e.g., neonatal diabetes mellitus, familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis, and familial hyperaldosteronism), the urinary system (e.g., Bartter syndrome, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, and hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia), and the immune system (e.g., myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica, Isaac syndrome, and anti-NMDA [N-methyl-D-aspartate] receptor encephalitis). The field of channelopathies is expanding rapidly, as is the utility of molecular-genetic and electrophysiological studies. This review provides a brief overview and update of channelopathies, with a focus on recent advances in the pathophysiological mechanisms that may help clinicians better understand, diagnose, and develop treatments for these diseases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.445-450
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• 2014

Purpose: Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HOKPP) is an autosomal dominant channelopathy characterized by episodic attacks of muscle weakness and hypokalemia. Mutations in the calcium channel gene, CACNA1S, or the sodium channel gene, SCN4A, have been found to be responsible for HOKPP; however, the mechanism that causes hypokalemia remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of this mechanism by investigating the expression of calcium-activated potassium ($K_{Ca}$) channel genes in HOKPP patients. Methods: We measured the intracellular calcium concentration with fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester in skeletal muscle cells of HOKPP patients and healthy individuals. We examined the mRNA and protein expression of KCa channel genes (KCNMA1, KCNN1, KCNN2, KCNN3, and KCNN4) in both cell types. Results: Patient cells exhibited higher cytosolic calcium levels than normal cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the mRNA levels of the $K_{Ca}$ channel genes did not significantly differ between patient and normal cells. However, western blot analysis showed that protein levels of the KCNMA1 gene, which encodes $K_{Ca}$1.1 channels (also called big potassium channels), were significantly lower in the membrane fraction and higher in the cytosolic fraction of patient cells than normal cells. When patient cells were exposed to 50 mM potassium buffer, which was used to induce depolarization, the altered subcellular distribution of BK channels remained unchanged. Conclusion: These findings suggest a novel mechanism for the development of hypokalemia and paralysis in HOKPP and demonstrate a connection between disease-associated mutations in calcium/sodium channels and pathogenic changes in nonmutant potassium channels.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.42-64
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the non-surgical treatment of peripheral facial paralysis sequelae such as bell's palsy and Ramsay-hunt syndrome during last 10 years. Methods : We searched articles in the RISS, MEDLINE, CAJ from January, 2008 to June, 2018. Articles on the non-surgical treatment of bell's palsy and Ramsay-hunt syndrome sequelae were included. We extracted data about treatments, characteristics of intervention, outcomes from the included studies and classified in to 4 categories such as case studies, RCTs, nRCTs, literature reviews. Results : 132 potentially relevant studies were identified, of which 60 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of 60 included studies, 30 were case reports, 22 were RCTs, 4 were nRCTs, and 4 were reviews. China (81.8%) were the most common by country, bell's palsy(81.7%) by disease, and case reports(50%) by study type were the most common. Symptoms were lagophthalmos, asymmetry, contracture, spasm, dacryorrhea, synkinesis, paresthesia, crocodile tears mostly in the order of frequency, and these symptoms occurred at least one month after the onset of symptoms. The most common method of treatment was acupuncture, which was used in 49 studies. As the evaluation variables, the effective rate was the highest in 25, House-Brakmann grading system in 17, and Sunnybrook facial grading system in 7. In 95% of the studies, after-treatment was reported to be cured, but objectivity is low. Conclusions : This study suggests that Korean medicine such as acupuncture can play a valid role in the non-surgical treatment of peripheral facial paralysis sequelae. In the future, a systematic and well-designed clinical study is needed for treatment of peripheral facial paralysis sequelae.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2021

Objectives : Strabismus is a disease that can be observed and treated directly from the outside. Therefore, it is very important in Korean medicine ophthalmology in accessibility to treatment. This study is designed to investigate the trends of strabismus-related studies published in Journal of Korean medicine. Methods : 5 Internet databases were selected to search for the study subject. The following 9 keywords were used; Strabismus, Heterophoria, Binocular vision, Visual acuity, Diplopia, Paralytic, Cover test, Oculomotor nerve paralysis, Abducens nerve paralysis. Through this process, a total of 45 studies were found and analyzed into 5 categories ; publication year, publication journal, number of author, type of article, analyzation of case report. Results : There were 2 review articles, 1 original article and 42 case reports. 5 studies(11.1%) were published in 2004 year. Journal of Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology were the most common with 40%. The authors were often 2 and 3 (each 22.2%). In the case report study, the treatment period was most often 1-30 days (35.7%). Conclusions : 42 studies were on paralytic strabismus and 1 study was on paralytic and non-paralytic strabismus. These results represent that the studies are concentrated in case reports about paralytic strabismus, but this seems to be an area to be improved in future research.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of honey bee (Apis mellifera) disease in Daejeon. From May to September in 2014, 63 samples were collected from 63 apiculture farms in the regions and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted. A total of 11 infectious pathogens, including 6 virus, 2 bacteria, 2 fungi, and 1 parasite, were investigated in honeybee colonies suffering from symptom of sudden collapse, depopulation or paralysis. The infectious pathogens and infection rates among 63 honeybee colonies detected were as follows: sacbrood virus (12.7%), chronic bee paralysis virus (1.6%), stonebrood (11.1%), American foulbrood (19.0%), European foulbrood (6.3%), respectively. The result indicate that foul-brood was most prevalent disease in apiculture farms in Daejeon area.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.467-472
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• 1992

Seven patients with signs of metabolic bone disease clinically seen at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University from May 1990 to February 1992 were evaluated retrospectively. 1. Clinical signs include bowed leg, deformity of spine, digestive disturbance, constipation, retarded growth, lameness and hindlimb paralysis. 2. Radiographical sings include generalized skeletal demineralization, decreased radiological contrast between skeleton and soft tissues, thinning of bone cortex and pathological fractures. The diagnosis of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism resulting in metabolic bone disease caused by mineral imbalance was made based upon history, clinical signs, physical examination and radiographical signs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2004

The present experiment was carried out to study the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease(ND), ND virus (NDV) antigens and genes in various organs from NDV inoculated chickens were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Immunohistochemically, NDV antigens were detected in the spleen, thymus, cecal tonsil, proventriculus, trachea and lungs at 12 hour post-inoculation (hpi). Viral antigens were localized mainly in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes and macrophages. After 48 hpi, clinical findings of the affected chickens were open-mouth breathing, conjunctivitis, watery diarrhea and edema around the eye and neck. After 72 hpi, chickens showed muscular tremor, paralysis of the legs and wings, and coma. Histopathological results consist of multi-focal necrosis with hemorrhages in lymphoid aggregates of the intestinal tracts, necrosis of the lymphoid tissues, neuronal degeneration and necrosis, and perivascular cuffing. Using RT-PCR, virus genes were detected in the spleen and proventriculus at 48 hpi, and in the brain at 60 hpi.